Provided by: socat_1.8.0.0-4build3_amd64 
NAME
socat - Multipurpose relay (SOcket CAT)
SYNOPSIS
socat [options] <address> <address>
socat -V
socat -h[h[h]] | -?[?[?]]
filan
procan
DESCRIPTION
Socat is a command line based utility that establishes two bidirectional byte streams and transfers data
between them. Because the streams can be constructed from a large set of different types of data sinks
and sources (see address types), and because lots of address options may be applied to the streams, socat
can be used for many different purposes.
Filan is a utility that prints information about its active file descriptors to stdout. It has been
written for debugging socat, but might be useful for other purposes too. Use the -h option to find more
infos.
Procan is a utility that prints information about process parameters to stdout. It has been written to
better understand some UNIX process properties and for debugging socat, but might be useful for other
purposes too.
The life cycle of a socat instance typically consists of four phases.
In the init phase, the command line options are parsed and logging is initialized.
During the open phase, socat opens the first address and afterwards the second address. These steps are
usually blocking; thus, especially for complex address types like socks, connection requests or
authentication dialogs must be completed before the next step is started.
In the transfer phase, socat watches both streams’ read and write file descriptors via select() , and,
when data is available on one side and can be written to the other side, socat reads it, performs newline
character conversions if required, and writes the data to the write file descriptor of the other stream,
then continues waiting for more data in both directions.
When one of the streams effectively reaches EOF, the closing phase begins. Socat transfers the EOF
condition to the other stream, i.e. tries to shutdown only its write stream, giving it a chance to
terminate gracefully. For a defined time socat continues to transfer data in the other direction, but
then closes all remaining channels and terminates.
OPTIONS
Socat provides some command line options that modify the behaviour of the program. They have nothing to
do with so called address options that are used as parts of address specifications.
-V Print version and available feature information to stdout, and exit.
-h | -?
Print a help text to stdout describing command line options and available address types, and exit.
-hh | -??
Like -h, plus a list of the short names of all available address options. Some options are
platform dependend, so this output is helpful for checking the particular implementation.
-hhh | -???
Like -hh, plus a list of all available address option names.
-d Without this option, only fatal, error, and warning messages are printed; applying this option
also prints notice messages. See DIAGNOSTICS for more information.
-d0 With this option, only fatal and error messages are printed; this restores the behaviour of socat
up to version 1.7.4.
-d -d | -dd | -d2
Prints fatal, error, warning, and notice messages.
-d -d -d | -ddd | -d3
Prints fatal, error, warning, notice, and info messages.
-d -d -d -d | -dddd | -d4
Prints fatal, error, warning, notice, info, and debug messages.
-D Logs information about file descriptors before starting the transfer phase.
--experimental
New features that are not well tested or are subject to change in the future must me explicitely
enabled using this option.
-ly[<facility>]
Writes messages to syslog instead of stderr; severity as defined with -d option. With optional
<facility>, the syslog type can be selected, default is "daemon". Third party libraries might not
obey this option.
-lf<logfile>
Writes messages to <logfile> [filename] instead of stderr. Some third party libraries, in
particular libwrap, might not obey this option.
-ls Writes messages to stderr (this is the default). Some third party libraries might not obey this
option, in particular libwrap appears to only log to syslog.
-lp<progname>
Overrides the program name printed in error messages and used for constructing environment
variable names.
-lu Extends the timestamp of error messages to microsecond resolution. Does not work when logging to
syslog.
-lm[<facility>]
Mixed log mode. During startup messages are printed to stderr; when socat starts the transfer
phase loop or daemon mode (i.e. after opening all streams and before starting data transfer, or,
with listening sockets with fork option, before the first accept call), it switches logging to
syslog. With optional <facility>, the syslog type can be selected, default is "daemon".
-lh Adds hostname to log messages. Uses the value from environment variable HOSTNAME or the value
retrieved with uname() if HOSTNAME is not set.
-v Writes the transferred data not only to their target streams, but also to stderr. The output
format is text with some conversions for readability, and prefixed with "> " or "< " indicating
flow directions.
-x Writes the transferred data not only to their target streams, but also to stderr. The output
format is hexadecimal, prefixed with "> " or "< " indicating flow directions. Can be combined with
-v .
-r <file>
Dumps the raw (binary) data flowing from left to right address to the given file. The file name
may contain references to environment variables and $$ (pid), $PROGNAME (see option option -lp),
$TIMESTAMP (uses format %Y%m%dT%H%M%S), and MICROS (microseconds of daytime). These references
have to be protected from shell expansion of course.
-R <file>
Dumps the raw (binary) data flowing from right to left address to the given file. See option -r
for customization of file name.
-b<size>
Sets the data transfer block <size> [size_t]. At most <size> bytes are transferred per step.
Default is 8192 bytes.
-s By default, socat terminates when an error occurred to prevent the process from running when some
option could not be applied. With this option, socat is sloppy with errors and tries to continue.
Even with this option, socat will exit on fatals, and will abort connection attempts when security
checks failed.
-S<signals-bitmap>
Changes the set of signals that are caught by socat just for printing an log message. This
catching is useful to get the information about the signal into socats log, but prevents core dump
or other standard actions. The default set of these signals is SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGQUIT, SIGILL,
SIGABRT, SIGBUS, SIGFPE, SIGSEGV, and SIGTERM; replace this set (0x89de on Linux) with a bitmap
(e.g., SIGFPE has value 8 and its bit is 0x0080).
Note: Signals SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGQUIT, SIGUSR1, SIGPIPE, SIGALRM, SIGTERM, and SIGCHLD may be
handled specially anyway.
-t<timeout>
When one channel has reached EOF, the write part of the other channel is shut down. Then, socat
waits <timeout> [timeval] seconds before terminating. Default is 0.5 seconds. This timeout only
applies to addresses where write and read part can be closed independently. When during the
timeout interval the read part gives EOF, socat terminates without awaiting the timeout.
-T<timeout>
Total inactivity timeout: when socat is already in the transfer loop and nothing has happened for
<timeout> [timeval] seconds (no data arrived, no interrupt occurred...) then it terminates.
Useful with protocols like UDP that cannot transfer EOF.
-u Uses unidirectional mode. The first address is only used for reading, and the second address is
only used for writing (example).
-U Uses unidirectional mode in reverse direction. The first address is only used for writing, and the
second address is only used for reading.
-g During address option parsing, don’t check if the option is considered useful in the given address
environment. Use it if you want to force, e.g., appliance of a socket option to a serial device.
-L<lockfile>
If lockfile exists, exits with error. If lockfile does not exist, creates it and continues,
unlinks lockfile on exit.
-W<lockfile>
If lockfile exists, waits until it disappears. When lockfile does not exist, creates it and
continues, unlinks lockfile on exit.
-4 Use IP version 4 in case the addresses do not implicitly or explicitly specify a version. Since
version 1.8.0 the default is no preference.
-6 Use IP version 6 in case the addresses do not implicitly or explicitly specify a version.
--statistics
-S Logs transfer statistics (bytes and blocks counters for both directions) before terminating socat.
See also signal USR1.
This feature is experimental and might change in future versions.
ADDRESS SPECIFICATIONS
With the address command line arguments, the user gives socat instructions and the necessary information
for establishing the byte streams.
An address specification usually consists of an address type keyword, zero or more required address
parameters separated by ’:’ from the keyword and from each other, and zero or more address options
separated by ’,’.
The keyword specifies the address type (e.g., TCP4, OPEN, EXEC). For some keywords there exist synonyms
(’-’ for STDIO, TCP for TCP4). Keywords are case insensitive. For a few special address types, the
keyword may be omitted: Address specifications starting with a number are assumed to be FD (raw file
descriptor) addresses; if a ’/’ is found before the first ’:’ or ’,’, GOPEN (generic file open) is
assumed.
The required number and type of address parameters depend on the address type. E.g., TCP4 requires a
server specification (name or address), and a port specification (number or service name).
Zero or more address options may be given with each address. They influence the address in some ways.
Options consist of an option keyword or an option keyword and a value, separated by ’=’. Option keywords
are case insensitive. For filtering the options that are useful with an address type, each option is
member of one option group. For each address type there is a set of option groups allowed. Only options
belonging to one of these address groups may be used (except with option -g).
Address specifications following the above schema are also called single address specifications. Two
single addresses can be combined with "!!" to form a dual type address for one channel. Here, the first
address is used by socat for reading data, and the second address for writing data. There is no way to
specify an option only once for being applied to both single addresses.
Usually, addresses are opened in read/write mode. When an address is part of a dual address
specification, or when option -u or -U is used, an address might be used only for reading or for writing.
Considering this is important with some address types.
With socat version 1.5.0 and higher, the lexical analysis tries to handle quotes and parenthesis
meaningfully and allows escaping of special characters. If one of the characters ( { [ ’ is found, the
corresponding closing character - ) } ] ’ - is looked for; they may also be nested. Within these
constructs, socats special characters and strings : , !! are not handled specially. All those characters
and strings can be escaped with \ or within ""
ADDRESS TYPES
This section describes the available address types with their keywords, parameters, and semantics.
CREATE:<filename>
Opens <filename> with creat() and uses the file descriptor for writing. This is a write-only
address because a file opened with creat cannot be read from. See options -u and -U, and dual
addresses.
Flags like O_LARGEFILE cannot be applied. If you need them use OPEN with options create,create.
<filename> must be a valid existing or not existing path. If <filename> is a named pipe, creat()
might block; if <filename> refers to a socket, this is an error.
Option groups: FD,REG,NAMED
Useful options: mode, user, group, unlink-early, unlink-late, append
See also: OPEN, GOPEN
DCCP-CONNECT:<host>:<port> (DCCP:<host>:<port>)
Establishes a DCCP connect to the specified <host> [IP address] and <port> [DCCP service] using IP
version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,SCTP,CHILD,RETRY
Useful options: bind, connect-timeout, tos, dccp-set-ccid, nonblock, sourceport, retry, readbytes
See also: DCCP4-CONNECT, DCCP6-CONNECT, DCCP-LISTEN, TCP-CONNECT SCTP-CONNECT
DCCP4-CONNECT:<host>:<port> (DCCP4:<host>:<port>)
Like DCCP-CONNECT, but only supports IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,DCCP,CHILD,RETRY
DCCP6-CONNECT:<host>:<port> (DCCP6:<host>:<port>)
Like DCCP-CONNECT, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,DCCP,CHILD,RETRY
DCCP-LISTEN:<port> (DCCP-L:<port>)
Listens on <port> [DCCP service] and accepts an DCCP connection. The IP version is 4 or the one
specified with address option pf, socat option (-4, -6), or environment variable
SOCAT_DEFAULT_LISTEN_IP. Note that opening this address usually blocks until a client connects.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,IP6,DCCP,RETRY
Useful options: fork, bind, range, max-children, backlog, accept-timeout, dccp-set-sid, su,
reuseaddr, retry
See also: DCCP4-LISTEN, DCCP6-LISTEN, TCP-LISTEN, SCTP-LISTEN, DCCP-CONNECT
DCCP4-LISTEN:<port> (DCCP4-L:<port>)
Like DCCP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,DCCP,RETRY
DCCP6-LISTEN:<port> (DCCP6-L:<port>)
Like DCCP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP6,DCCP,RETRY
EXEC:<command-line>
Forks a sub process that establishes communication with its parent process and invokes the
specified program with execvp() . <command-line> is a simple command with arguments separated by
single spaces. If the program name contains a ’/’, the part after the last ’/’ is taken as
ARGV[0]. If the program name is a relative path, the execvp() semantics for finding the program
via $PATH apply. After successful program start, socat writes data to stdin of the process and
reads from its stdout using a UNIX domain socket generated by socketpair() per default. (example)
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,EXEC,FORK,TERMIOS
Useful options: path, fdin, fdout, chroot, su, su-d, nofork, socktype, pty, stderr, ctty, setsid,
pipes, umask, login, sigint, sigquit, netns
See also: SYSTEM,SHELL
FD:<fdnum>
Uses the file descriptor <fdnum>. It must already exist as valid UN*X file descriptor.
Option groups: FD (TERMIOS,REG,SOCKET)
See also: STDIO, STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR
GOPEN:<filename>
(Generic open) This address type tries to handle any file system entry except directories
usefully. <filename> may be a relative or absolute path. If it already exists, its type is
checked. In case of a UNIX domain socket, socat connects; if connecting fails, socat assumes a
datagram socket and uses sendto() calls. If the entry is not a socket, socat opens it applying
the O_APPEND flag. If it does not exist, it is opened with flag O_CREAT as a regular file
(example).
Option groups: FD,REG,SOCKET,NAMED,OPEN
See also: OPEN, CREATE, UNIX-CONNECT
IP-SENDTO:<host>:<protocol>
Opens a raw IP socket. Depending on host specification or option pf, IP protocol version 4 or 6 is
used. It uses <protocol> to send packets to <host> [IP address] and receives packets from host,
ignores packets from other hosts. Protocol 255 uses the raw socket with the IP header being part
of the data.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6
Useful options: pf, ttl
See also: IP4-SENDTO, IP6-SENDTO, IP-RECVFROM, IP-RECV, UDP-SENDTO, UNIX-SENDTO
INTERFACE:<interface>
Communicates with a network connected on an interface using raw packets including link level data.
<interface> is the name of the network interface. Currently only available on Linux.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET
Useful options: pf, type
See also: ip-recv
IP4-SENDTO:<host>:<protocol>
Like IP-SENDTO, but always uses IPv4.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4
IP6-SENDTO:<host>:<protocol>
Like IP-SENDTO, but always uses IPv6.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6
IP-DATAGRAM:<address>:<protocol>
Sends outgoing data to the specified address which may in particular be a broadcast or multicast
address. Packets arriving on the local socket are checked if their source addresses match RANGE or
TCPWRAP options. This address type can for example be used for implementing symmetric or
asymmetric broadcast or multicast communications.
Option groups: FD, SOCKET, IP4, IP6, RANGE
Useful options: bind, range, tcpwrap, broadcast, ip-multicast-loop, ip-multicast-ttl,
ip-multicast-if, ip-add-membership, ip-add-source-membership, ipv6-join-group,
ipv6-join-source-group, ttl, tos, pf
See also: IP4-DATAGRAM, IP6-DATAGRAM, IP-SENDTO, IP-RECVFROM, IP-RECV, UDP-DATAGRAM
IP4-DATAGRAM:<host>:<protocol>
Like IP-DATAGRAM, but always uses IPv4. (example)
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,RANGE
IP6-DATAGRAM:<host>:<protocol>
Like IP-DATAGRAM, but always uses IPv6. Please note that IPv6 does not know broadcasts.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,RANGE
IP-RECVFROM:<protocol>
Opens a raw IP socket of <protocol>. Depending on option pf, IP protocol version 4 or 6 is used.
It receives one packet from an unspecified peer and may send one or more answer packets to that
peer. This mode is particularly useful with fork option where each arriving packet - from
arbitrary peers - is handled by its own sub process. This allows a behaviour similar to typical
UDP based servers like ntpd or named.
Please note that the reply packets might be fetched as incoming traffic when sender and receiver
IP address are identical because there is no port number to distinguish the sockets.
This address works well with IP-SENDTO address peers (see above). Protocol 255 uses the raw
socket with the IP header being part of the data.
See the note about RECVFROM addresses.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,CHILD,RANGE
Useful options: pf, fork, range, ttl, broadcast
See also: IP4-RECVFROM, IP6-RECVFROM, IP-SENDTO, IP-RECV, UDP-RECVFROM, UNIX-RECVFROM
IP4-RECVFROM:<protocol>
Like IP-RECVFROM, but always uses IPv4.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,CHILD,RANGE
IP6-RECVFROM:<protocol>
Like IP-RECVFROM, but always uses IPv6.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,CHILD,RANGE
IP-RECV:<protocol>
Opens a raw IP socket of <protocol>. Depending on option pf, IP protocol version 4 or 6 is used.
It receives packets from multiple unspecified peers and merges the data. No replies are possible,
this is a read-only address, see options -u and -U, and dual addresses. It can be, e.g.,
addressed by socat IP-SENDTO address peers. Protocol 255 uses the raw socket with the IP header
being part of the data.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,RANGE
Useful options: pf, range
See also: IP4-RECV, IP6-RECV, IP-SENDTO, IP-RECVFROM, UDP-RECV, UNIX-RECV
IP4-RECV:<protocol>
Like IP-RECV, but always uses IPv4.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,RANGE
IP6-RECV:<protocol>
Like IP-RECV, but always uses IPv6.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,RANGE
OPEN:<filename>
Opens <filename> using the open() system call (example). This operation fails on UNIX domain
sockets.
Note: This address type is rarely useful in bidirectional mode.
Option groups: FD,REG,NAMED,OPEN
Useful options: creat, excl, noatime, nofollow, append, rdonly, wronly, lock, readbytes, ignoreeof
See also: CREATE, GOPEN, UNIX-CONNECT
OPENSSL:<host>:<port>
Tries to establish a SSL connection to <port> [TCP service] on <host> [IP address] using TCP/IP
version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf.
NOTE: Up to version 1.7.2.4 the server certificate was only checked for validity against the
system certificate store or cafile or capath, but not for match with the server’s name or its IP
address. Since version 1.7.3.0 socat checks the peer certificate for match with the <host>
parameter or the value of the openssl-commonname option. Socat tries to match it against the
certificates subject commonName, and the certificates extension subjectAltName DNS names.
Wildcards in the certificate are supported.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,OPENSSL,RETRY
Useful options: min-proto-version, cipher, verify, commonname, cafile, capath, certificate, key,
compress, bind, pf, connect-timeout, sourceport, retry
See also: OPENSSL-LISTEN, TCP
OPENSSL-LISTEN:<port>
Listens on tcp <port> [TCP service]. The IP version is 4 or the one specified with pf. When a
connection is accepted, this address behaves as SSL server.
Note: You probably want to use the certificate option with this address.
NOTE: The client certificate is only checked for validity against cafile or capath, but not for
match with the client’s name or its IP address!
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,LISTEN,OPENSSL,CHILD,RANGE,RETRY
Useful options: pf, min-proto-version, cipher, verify, commonname, cafile, capath, certificate,
key, compress, fork, bind, range, tcpwrap, su, reuseaddr, retry
See also: OPENSSL, TCP-LISTEN
OPENSSL-DTLS-CLIENT:<host>:<port>
Tries to establish a DTLS connection to <port> [UDP service] on <host> [IP address] using UDP/IP
version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf.
Socat checks the peer certificates subjectAltName or commonName against the addresses option
openssl-commonname or the host name. Wildcards in the certificate are supported.
Use socat option -b to make datagrams small enough to fit with overhead on the network. Use option
-T to prevent indefinite hanging when peer went down quietly.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,OPENSSL,RETRY
Useful options: min-proto-version, cipher, verify, commonname, cafile, capath, certificate, key,
compress, bind, pf, sourceport, retry, rcvtimeo
See also: OPENSSL-DTLS-SERVER, OPENSSL-CONNECT, UDP-CONNECT
OPENSSL-DTLS-SERVER:<port>
Listens on UDP <port> [UDP service]. The IP version is 4 or the one specified with pf. When a
connection is accepted, this address behaves as DTLS server.
Note: You probably want to use the certificate option with this address.
NOTE: The client certificate is only checked for validity against cafile or capath, but not for
match with the client’s name or its IP address! Use socat option -b to make datagrams small
enough to fit with overhead on the network. Use option -T to prevent indefinite hanging when peer
went down quietly.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,LISTEN,OPENSSL,CHILD,RANGE,RETRY
Useful options: pf, min-proto-version, cipher, verify, commonname, cafile, capath, certificate,
key, compress, fork, bind, range, tcpwrap, su, reuseaddr, retry
rcvtimeo
See also: OPENSSL-DTLS-CLIENT, OPENSSL-LISTEN, UDP-LISTEN
PIPE:<filename>
If <filename> already exists, it is opened. If it does not exist, a named pipe is created and
opened. Beginning with socat version 1.4.3, the named pipe is removed when the address is closed
(but see option unlink-close
Note: When a pipe is used for both reading and writing, it works as echo service.
Note: When a pipe is used for both reading and writing, and socat tries to write more bytes than
the pipe can buffer (Linux 2.4: 2048 bytes), socat might block. Consider using socat option, e.g.,
-b 2048
Option groups: FD,NAMED,OPEN
Useful options: rdonly, nonblock, group, user, mode, unlink-early
See also: unnamed pipe
PIPE Creates an unnamed pipe and uses it for reading and writing. It works as an echo, because
everything written to it appeares immediately as read data.
Note: When socat tries to write more bytes than the pipe can queue (Linux 2.4: 2048 bytes), socat
might block. Consider, e.g., using option -b 2048
Option groups: FD
See also: named pipe, SOCKETPAIR
SOCKETPAIR
Creates a socketpair and uses it for reading and writing. It works as an echo, because everything
written to it appeares immediately as read data. The default socket type is datagram, so it keeps
packet boundaries.
Option groups: FD
Useful options: socktype
See also: unnamed pipe
POSIXMQ-READ:/<mqueue>
Opens the specified POSIX message queue and reads messages (packets). It keeps the boundaries.
This is a read-only address, see options -u and -U and dual addresses.
Socat provides this address type only on Linux because POSIX MQ is based on UNIX filedescriptors
there.
This feature is new in version 1.8.0.0 and might change in the future, therefore it is
experimental.
Useful options: posixmq-priority, unlink-early, unlink-close
POSIXMQ-RECEIVE:/<mqueue>
POSIXMQ-RECV:/<mqueue>
Opens the specified POSIX message queue and reads one message (packet).
This is a read-only address. See POSIXMQ-READ for more info.
Example: POSIX MQ recv with fork
This feature is experimental.
Useful options: posixmq-priority, fork, max-children, unlink-early, unlink-close
POSIXMQ-SEND:/<mqueue>
Opens the specified POSIX message queue and writes messages (packets).
This is a write-only address. See POSIXMQ-READ for more info.
(Example)
This feature is experimental.
Useful options: posixmq-priority, fork, max-children, unlink-early, unlink-close
POSIXMQ-BIDIRECTIONAL:/mqueue
Opens the specified POSIX message queue and writes and reads messages (packet). This is probably
rarely useful but has been implemented for functional completeness.
PROXY:<proxy>:<hostname>:<port>
Connects to an HTTP proxy server on port 8080 using TCP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on address
specification, name resolution, or option pf, and sends a CONNECT request for hostname:port. If
the proxy grants access and succeeds to connect to the target, data transfer between socat and the
target can start (example). Note that the traffic need not be HTTP but can be an arbitrary
protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,HTTP,RETRY
Useful options: proxyport, ignorecr, proxyauth, resolve, crnl, bind, connect-timeout, mss,
sourceport, retry
See also: SOCKS, TCP
PTY Generates a pseudo terminal (pty) and uses its master side. Another process may open the pty’s
slave side using it like a serial line or terminal. (example). If both the ptmx and the openpty
mechanisms are available, ptmx is used (POSIX).
Option groups: FD,NAMED,PTY,TERMIOS
Useful options: link, openpty, wait-slave, mode, user, group
See also: UNIX-LISTEN, PIPE, EXEC, SYSTEM, SHELL
READLINE
lines (example).
You can use STDIO instead.
SCTP-CONNECT:<host>:<port>
Establishes an SCTP stream connection to the specified <host> [IP address] and <port> [TCP
service] using IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option
pf.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,SCTP,CHILD,RETRY
Useful options: bind, pf, connect-timeout, tos, mtudiscover, sctp-maxseg, sctp-nodelay, nonblock,
sourceport, retry, readbytes
See also: SCTP4-CONNECT, SCTP6-CONNECT, SCTP-LISTEN, TCP-CONNECT
SCTP4-CONNECT:<host>:<port>
Like SCTP-CONNECT, but only supports IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,SCTP,CHILD,RETRY
SCTP6-CONNECT:<host>:<port>
Like SCTP-CONNECT, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,SCTP,CHILD,RETRY
SCTP-LISTEN:<port>
Listens on <port> [TCP service] and accepts an SCTP connection. The IP version is 4 or the one
specified with address option pf, socat option (-4, -6), or environment variable
SOCAT_DEFAULT_LISTEN_IP. Note that opening this address usually blocks until a client connects.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,IP6,SCTP,RETRY
Useful options: crnl, fork, bind, range, tcpwrap, pf, max-children, backlog, accept-timeout,
sctp-maxseg, sctp-nodelay, su, reuseaddr, retry
See also: SCTP4-LISTEN, SCTP6-LISTEN, TCP-LISTEN, SCTP-CONNECT
SCTP4-LISTEN:<port>
Like SCTP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,SCTP,RETRY
SCTP6-LISTEN:<port>
Like SCTP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP6,SCTP,RETRY
SOCKET-CONNECT:<domain>:<protocol>:<remote-address>
Creates a stream socket using the first and second given socket parameters and SOCK_STREAM (see
man socket(2)) and connects to the remote-address. The two socket parameters have to be specified
by int numbers. Consult your OS documentation and include files to find the appropriate values.
The remote-address must be the data representation of a sockaddr structure without sa_family and
(BSD) sa_len components.
Please note that you can - beyond the options of the specified groups - also use options of higher
level protocols when you apply socat option -g.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,CHILD,RETRY
Useful options: bind, setsockopt,
See also: TCP, UDP-CONNECT, UNIX-CONNECT, SOCKET-LISTEN, SOCKET-SENDTO
SOCKET-DATAGRAM:<domain>:<type>:<protocol>:<remote-address>
Creates a datagram socket using the first three given socket parameters (see man socket(2)) and
sends outgoing data to the remote-address. The three socket parameters have to be specified by int
numbers. Consult your OS documentation and include files to find the appropriate values. The
remote-address must be the data representation of a sockaddr structure without sa_family and (BSD)
sa_len components.
Please note that you can - beyond the options of the specified groups - also use options of higher
level protocols when you apply socat option -g.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,RANGE
Useful options: bind, range, setsockopt,
See also: UDP-DATAGRAM, IP-DATAGRAM, SOCKET-SENDTO, SOCKET-RECV, SOCKET-RECVFROM
SOCKET-LISTEN:<domain>:<protocol>:<local-address>
Creates a stream socket using the first and second given socket parameters and SOCK_STREAM (see
man socket(2)) and waits for incoming connections on local-address. The two socket parameters have
to be specified by int numbers. Consult your OS documentation and include files to find the
appropriate values. The local-address must be the data representation of a sockaddr structure
without sa_family and (BSD) sa_len components.
Please note that you can - beyond the options of the specified groups - also use options of higher
level protocols when you apply socat option -g.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,RANGE,CHILD,RETRY
Useful options: setsockopt, setsockopt-listen,
See also: TCP, UDP-CONNECT, UNIX-CONNECT, SOCKET-LISTEN, SOCKET-SENDTO, SOCKET-SENDTO
SOCKET-RECV:<domain>:<type>:<protocol>:<local-address>
Creates a socket using the three given socket parameters (see man socket(2)) and binds it to
<local-address>. Receives arriving data. The three parameters have to be specified by int numbers.
Consult your OS documentation and include files to find the appropriate values. The local-address
must be the data representation of a sockaddr structure without sa_family and (BSD) sa_len
components.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,RANGE
Useful options: range, setsockopt, setsockopt-listen
See also: UDP-RECV, IP-RECV, UNIX-RECV, SOCKET-DATAGRAM, SOCKET-SENDTO, SOCKET-RECVFROM
SOCKET-RECVFROM:<domain>:<type>:<protocol>:<local-address>
Creates a socket using the three given socket parameters (see man socket(2)) and binds it to
<local-address>. Receives arriving data and sends replies back to the sender. The first three
parameters have to be specified as int numbers. Consult your OS documentation and include files to
find the appropriate values. The local-address must be the data representation of a sockaddr
structure without sa_family and (BSD) sa_len components.
See the note about RECVFROM addresses.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,CHILD,RANGE
Useful options: fork, range, setsockopt, setsockopt-listen
See also: UDP-RECVFROM, IP-RECVFROM, UNIX-RECVFROM, SOCKET-DATAGRAM, SOCKET-SENDTO, SOCKET-RECV
SOCKET-SENDTO:<domain>:<type>:<protocol>:<remote-address>
Creates a socket using the three given socket parameters (see man socket(2)). Sends outgoing data
to the given address and receives replies. The three parameters have to be specified as int
numbers. Consult your OS documentation and include files to find the appropriate values. The
remote-address must be the data representation of a sockaddr structure without sa_family and (BSD)
sa_len components.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET
Useful options: bind, setsockopt, setsockopt-listen
See also: UDP-SENDTO, IP-SENDTO, UNIX-SENDTO, SOCKET-DATAGRAM, SOCKET-RECV SOCKET-RECVFROM
ACCEPT-FD:<fdnum>
Expects a listening socket in <fdnum> and accepts one or (with option fork) more connections. This
address type is useful under systemd control with "inetd mode".
Example: (example)
Option groups: FD, SOCKET, TCP, CHILD, RETRY
Useful options: fork, range, sourceport, lowport, tcpwrap
SOCKS4:<socks-server>:<host>:<port>
Connects via <socks-server> [IP address] to <host> [IPv4 address] on <port> [TCP service], using
socks version 4 protocol over IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name
resolution, or option pf (example).
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,SOCKS4,RETRY
Useful options: socksuser, socksport, sourceport, pf, retry
See also: SOCKS5, SOCKS4A, PROXY, TCP
SOCKS4A:<socks-server>:<host>:<port>
like SOCKS4, but uses socks protocol version 4a, thus leaving host name resolution to the socks
server.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,SOCKS4,RETRY
SOCKS5-CONNECT:<socks-server>:<socks-port>:<target-host>:<target-port>
Connects via <socks-server> [IP address] to <target-host> [IPv4 address] on <target-port> [TCP
service], using socks version 5 protocol over TCP. Currently no authentication mechanism is
provided.
This address type is experimental.
Option groups: FD, SOCKET, IP4, IP6, TCP, CHILD, RETRY
Useful options: sourceport, pf, retry
See also: SOCKS5-LISTEN, SOCKS4, SOCKS4A, PROXY, TCP
SOCKS5-LISTEN:<socks-server>:<socks-port>:<listen-host>:<listen-port>
Connects to <socks-server> [IP address] using socks version 5 protocol over TCP and makes it
listen for incoming connections on <listen-port> [TCP service], binding to <-listen-host> [IPv4
address] Currently not authentication mechanism is provided. This address type is experimental.
Option groups: FD, SOCKET, IP4, IP6, TCP, CHILD, RETRY
Useful options: sourceport, pf, retry
See also: SOCKS5-CONNECT,
STDERR Uses file descriptor 2.
This is a write-only address, see options -u and -U, and dual addresses.
Option groups: FD (TERMIOS,REG,SOCKET)
See also: FD
STDIN Uses file descriptor 0.
This is a read-only address, see options -u and -U, and dual addresses.
Option groups: FD (TERMIOS,REG,SOCKET)
Useful options: readbytes
See also: FD
STDIO Uses file descriptor 0 for reading, and 1 for writing.
Option groups: FD (TERMIOS,REG,SOCKET)
Useful options: readbytes
See also: FD
STDOUT Uses file descriptor 1.
This is a write-only address, see options -u and -U, and dual addresses.
Option groups: FD (TERMIOS,REG,SOCKET)
See also: FD
SHELL:<shell-command>
Forks a sub process that establishes communication with its parent process and invokes the
specified program with the configured shell ($SHELL). Note that <shell-command> [string] must not
contain ’,’ or "!!", and that shell meta characters may have to be protected. After successful
program start, socat writes data to stdin of the process and reads from its stdout.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,EXEC,FORK,TERMIOS
Useful options: path, fdin, fdout, chroot, su, su-d, nofork, socktype, pty, stderr, ctty, setsid,
pipes, umask, sigint, sigquit
See also: EXEC, SYSTEM
SYSTEM:<shell-command>
Forks a sub process that establishes communication with its parent process and invokes the
specified program with system() . Please note that <shell-command> [string] must not contain ’,’
or "!!", and that shell meta characters may have to be protected. After successful program start,
socat writes data to stdin of the process and reads from its stdout.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,EXEC,FORK,TERMIOS
Useful options: path, fdin, fdout, chroot, su, su-d, nofork, socktype, pty, stderr, ctty, setsid,
pipes, umask, sigint, sigquit, netns
See also: EXEC, SHELL
TCP:<host>:<port>
Connects to <port> [TCP service] on <host> [IP address] using TCP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on
address specification, name resolution, or option pf.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,RETRY
Useful options: connect-timeout, retry, sourceport, netns, crnl, bind, pf, tos, mtudiscover, mss,
nodelay, nonblock, readbytes
See also: TCP4, TCP6, TCP-LISTEN, UDP, SCTP-CONNECT, UNIX-CONNECT
TCP4:<host>:<port>
Like TCP, but only supports IPv4 protocol (example).
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,TCP,RETRY
TCP6:<host>:<port>
Like TCP, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,TCP,RETRY
TCP-LISTEN:<port>
Listens on <port> [TCP service] and accepts a TCP/IP connection. The IP version is 4 or the one
specified with address option pf, socat option (-4, -6), or environment variable
SOCAT_DEFAULT_LISTEN_IP. Note that opening this address usually blocks until a client connects.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,IP6,TCP,RETRY
Useful options: crnl, fork, bind, range, tcpwrap, pf, max-children, backlog, accept-timeout, mss,
su, reuseaddr, retry, cool-write
See also: TCP4-LISTEN, TCP6-LISTEN, UDP-LISTEN, SCTP-LISTEN, UNIX-LISTEN, OPENSSL-LISTEN,
TCP-CONNECT
TCP4-LISTEN:<port>
Like TCP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv4 protocol (example).
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,TCP,RETRY
TCP6-LISTEN:<port>
Like TCP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Additional useful option: ipv6only
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP6,TCP,RETRY
TUN[:<if-addr>/<bits>]
Creates a Linux TUN/TAP device and optionally assignes it the address and netmask given by the
parameters. The resulting network interface is almost ready for use by other processes; socat
serves its "wire side". This address requires read and write access to the tunnel cloning device,
usually /dev/net/tun , as well as permission to set some ioctl()s. Option iff-up is required to
immediately activate the interface!
Note: If you intend to transfer packets between two Socat "wire sides" you need a protocol that
keeps packet boundaries, e.g.UDP; TCP might work with option nodelay.
Option groups: FD,NAMED,OPEN,TUN
Useful options: iff-up, tun-device, tun-name, tun-type, iff-no-pi, netns
See also: ip-recv
UDP:<host>:<port>
Connects to <port> [UDP service] on <host> [IP address] using UDP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on
address specification, name resolution, or option pf.
Please note that, due to UDP protocol properties, no real connection is established; data has to
be sent for `connecting’ to the server, and no end-of-file condition can be transported.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6
Useful options: ttl, tos, bind, sourceport, pf
See also: UDP4, UDP6, UDP-LISTEN, TCP, IP
UDP4:<host>:<port>
Like UDP, but only supports IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4
UDP6:<host>:<port>
Like UDP, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6
UDP-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port>
Sends outgoing data to the specified address which may in particular be a broadcast or multicast
address. Packets arriving on the local socket are checked for the correct remote port only when
option sourceport is used (this is a change with Socat version 1.7.4.0) and if their source
addresses match RANGE or TCPWRAP options. This address type can for example be used for
implementing symmetric or asymmetric broadcast or multicast communications.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,RANGE
Useful options: bind, range, tcpwrap, broadcast, ip-multicast-loop, ip-multicast-ttl,
ip-multicast-if, ip-add-membership, ip-add-source-membership, ipv6-join-group,
ipv6-join-source-group, ttl, tos, sourceport, pf
See also: UDP4-DATAGRAM, UDP6-DATAGRAM, UDP-SENDTO, UDP-RECVFROM, UDP-RECV, UDP-CONNECT,
UDP-LISTEN, IP-DATAGRAM
UDP4-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port>
Like UDP-DATAGRAM, but only supports IPv4 protocol (example1, example2).
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4, RANGE
UDP6-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port>
Like UDP-DATAGRAM, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,RANGE
UDP-LISTEN:<port>
Waits for a UDP/IP packet arriving on <port> [UDP service] and `connects’ back to sender. The
accepted IP version is 4 or the one specified with option pf. Please note that, due to UDP
protocol properties, no real connection is established; data has to arrive from the peer first,
and no end-of-file condition can be transported. Note that opening this address usually blocks
until a client connects.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,IP6
Useful options: fork, bind, range, pf
See also: UDP, UDP4-LISTEN, UDP6-LISTEN, TCP-LISTEN
UDP4-LISTEN:<port>
Like UDP-LISTEN, but only support IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4
UDP6-LISTEN:<port>
Like UDP-LISTEN, but only support IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP6
UDP-SENDTO:<host>:<port>
Communicates with the specified peer socket, defined by <port> [UDP service] on <host> [IP
address], using UDP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or
option pf. It sends packets to and receives packets from that peer socket only. This address
effectively implements a datagram client. It works well with socat UDP-RECVFROM and UDP-RECV
address peers.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6
Useful options: ttl, tos, bind, sourceport, pf
See also: UDP4-SENDTO, UDP6-SENDTO, UDP-RECVFROM, UDP-RECV, UDP-CONNECT, UDP-LISTEN, IP-SENDTO
UDP4-SENDTO:<host>:<port>
Like UDP-SENDTO, but only supports IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4
UDP6-SENDTO:<host>:<port>
Like UDP-SENDTO, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6
UDP-RECVFROM:<port>
Creates a UDP socket on <port> [UDP service] using UDP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on option pf.
It receives one packet from an unspecified peer and may send one or more answer packets to that
peer. This mode is particularly useful with fork option where each arriving packet - from
arbitrary peers - is handled by its own sub process. This allows a behaviour similar to typical
UDP based servers like ntpd or named. This address works well with socat UDP-SENDTO address peers.
Note: When the second address fails before entering the transfer loop the packet is dropped. Use
option retry or forever on the second address to avoid data loss.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,CHILD,RANGE
Useful options: fork, ttl, tos, bind, sourceport, pf
See also: UDP4-RECVFROM, UDP6-RECVFROM, UDP-SENDTO, UDP-RECV, UDP-CONNECT, UDP-LISTEN,
IP-RECVFROM, UNIX-RECVFROM
UDP4-RECVFROM:<port>
Like UDP-RECVFROM, but only supports IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,CHILD,RANGE
UDP6-RECVFROM:<port>
Like UDP-RECVFROM, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,CHILD,RANGE
UDP-RECV:<port>
Creates a UDP socket on <port> [UDP service] using UDP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on option pf.
It receives packets from multiple unspecified peers and merges the data. No replies are possible.
It works well with, e.g., socat UDP-SENDTO address peers; it behaves similar to a syslog server.
This is a read-only address, see options -u and -U, and dual addresses.
Note: if you need the fork option, use UDP-RECVFROM in unidirectional mode (with option -u)
instead.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,RANGE
Useful options: pf, bind, sourceport, ttl, tos
See also: UDP4-RECV, UDP6-RECV, UDP-SENDTO, UDP-RECVFROM, UDP-CONNECT, UDP-LISTEN, IP-RECV,
UNIX-RECV
UDP4-RECV:<port>
Like UDP-RECV, but only supports IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,RANGE
UDP6-RECV:<port>
Like UDP-RECV, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,RANGE
UDPLITE-CONNECT:<host>:<port>
UDPLITE4-CONNECT:<host>:<port>
UDPLITE6-CONNECT:<host>:<port>
UDPLITE-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port>
UDPLITE4-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port>
UDPLITE6-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port>
UDPLITE-LISTEN:<port>
UDPLITE4-LISTEN:<port>
UDPLITE6-LISTEN:<port>
UDPLITE-SENDTO:<host>:<port>
UDPLITE4-SENDTO:<host>:<port>
UDPLITE6-SENDTO:<host>:<port>
UDPLITE-RECVFROM:<port>
UDPLITE4-RECVFROM:<port>
UDPLITE6-RECVFROM:<port>
UDPLITE-RECV:<port>
UDPLITE4-RECV:<port>
UDPLITE6-RECV:<port>
The UDPLITE addresses are almost identical to the related UDP addresses but they use UDP-Lite
protocol and have the additional UDPLITE option group.
UNIX-CONNECT:<filename>
Connects to <filename> assuming it is a UNIX domain socket. If <filename> does not exist, this is
an error; if <filename> is not a UNIX domain socket, this is an error; if <filename> is a UNIX
domain socket, but no process is listening, this is an error.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,RETRY,UNIX
) Useful options: bind
See also: UNIX-LISTEN, UNIX-SENDTO, TCP
UNIX-LISTEN:<filename>
Listens on <filename> using a UNIX domain stream socket and accepts a connection. If <filename>
exists and is not a socket, this is an error. If <filename> exists and is a UNIX domain socket,
binding to the address fails (use option unlink-early!). Note that opening this address usually
blocks until a client connects. Beginning with socat version 1.4.3, the file system entry is
removed when this address is closed (but see option unlink-close) (example).
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,LISTEN,CHILD,RETRY,UNIX
Useful options: fork, umask, mode, user, group, unlink-early
See also: UNIX-CONNECT, UNIX-RECVFROM, UNIX-RECV, TCP-LISTEN
UNIX-SENDTO:<filename>
Communicates with the specified peer socket, defined by [<filename>] assuming it is a UNIX domain
datagram socket. It sends packets to and receives packets from that peer socket only. Please
note that it might be necessary to bind the local socket to an address (e.g. /tmp/sock1, which
must not exist before). This address type works well with socat UNIX-RECVFROM and UNIX-RECV
address peers.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,UNIX
Useful options: bind
See also: UNIX-RECVFROM, UNIX-RECV, UNIX-CONNECT, UDP-SENDTO, IP-SENDTO
UNIX-RECVFROM:<filename>
Creates a UNIX domain datagram socket [<filename>]. Receives one packet and may send one or more
answer packets to that peer. This mode is particularly useful with fork option where each
arriving packet - from arbitrary peers - is handled by its own sub process. This address works
well with socat UNIX-SENDTO address peers.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,CHILD,UNIX
See the note about RECVFROM addresses.
Useful options: fork
umask
See also: UNIX-SENDTO, UNIX-RECV, UNIX-LISTEN, UDP-RECVFROM, IP-RECVFROM
UNIX-RECV:<filename>
Creates a UNIX domain datagram socket [<filename>]. Receives packets from multiple unspecified
peers and merges the data. No replies are possible, this is a read-only address, see options -u
and -U, and dual addresses. It can be, e.g., addressed by socat UNIX-SENDTO address peers. It
behaves similar to a syslog server.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,UNIX
Useful options: umask
See also: UNIX-SENDTO, UNIX-RECVFROM, UNIX-LISTEN, UDP-RECV, IP-RECV
UNIX-CLIENT:<filename>
Communicates with the specified peer socket, defined by [<filename>] assuming it is a UNIX domain
socket. It first tries to connect and, if that fails, assumes it is a datagram socket, thus
supporting both types.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,UNIX
Useful options: bind
See also: UNIX-CONNECT, UNIX-SENDTO, GOPEN
VSOCK-CONNECT:<cid>:<port>
Establishes a VSOCK stream connection to the specified <cid> [VSOCK cid] and <port> [VSOCK port].
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,CHILD,RETRY
Useful options: bind, connect-timeout, retry, readbytes
See also: VSOCK-LISTEN,
VSOCK-LISTEN:<port>
Listens on <port> [VSOCK port] and accepts a VSOCK connection. Note that opening this address
usually blocks until a client connects.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RETRY
Useful options: fork, bind, max-children, backlog, su, reuseaddr, retry
See also: VSOCK-CONNECT
ABSTRACT-CONNECT:<string>
ABSTRACT-LISTEN:<string>
ABSTRACT-SENDTO:<string>
ABSTRACT-RECVFROM:<string>
ABSTRACT-RECV:<string>
ABSTRACT-CLIENT:<string>
The ABSTRACT addresses are almost identical to the related UNIX addresses except that they do not
address file system based sockets but an alternate UNIX domain address space. To achieve this the
socket address strings are prefixed with "\0" internally. This feature is available (only?) on
Linux. Option groups are the same as with the related UNIX addresses, except that the ABSTRACT
addresses are not member of the NAMED group.
Useful options: netns
ADDRESS OPTIONS
Address options can be applied to address specifications to influence the process of opening the
addresses and the properties of the resulting data channels.
For technical reasons not every option can be applied to every address type; e.g., applying a socket
option to a regular file will fail. To catch most useless combinations as early as in the open phase, the
concept of option groups was introduced. Each option belongs to one or more option groups. Options can be
used only with address types that support at least one of their option groups (but see option -g).
Address options have data types that their values must conform to. Every address option consists of just
a keyword or a keyword followed by "=value", where value must conform to the options type. Some address
options manipulate parameters of system calls; e.g., option sync sets the O_SYNC flag with the open()
call. Other options cause a system or library call; e.g., with option `ttl=value’ the setsockopt(fd,
SOL_IP, IP_TTL, value, sizeof(int)) call is applied. Other options set internal socat variables that are
used during data transfer; e.g., `crnl’ causes explicit character conversions. A few options have more
complex implementations; e.g., su-d (substuser-delayed) inquires some user and group infos, stores them,
and applies them later after a possible chroot() call.
If multiple options are given to an address, their sequence in the address specification has (almost) no
effect on the sequence of their execution/application. Instead, socat has built in an option phase model
that tries to bring the options in a useful order. Some options exist in different forms (e.g., unlink,
unlink-early, unlink-late) to control the time of their execution.
If the same option is specified more than once within one address specification, with equal or different
values, the effect depends on the kind of option. Options resulting in function calls like setsockopt()
cause multiple invocations. With options that set parameters for a required call like open() or set
internal flags, the value of the last option occurrence is effective.
The existence or semantics of many options are system dependent. Socat usually does NOT try to emulate
missing libc or kernel features, it just provides an interface to the underlying system. So, if an
operating system lacks a feature, the related option is simply not available on this platform.
The following paragraphs introduce just the more common address options. For a more comprehensive
reference and to find information about canonical option names, alias names, option phases, and platforms
see file xio.help.
FD option group
This option group contains options that are applied to a UN*X style file descriptor, no matter how it was
generated. Because all current socat address types are file descriptor based, these options may be
applied to any address.
Note: Some of these options are also member of another option group, that provides another, non-fd based
mechanism. For these options, it depends on the actual address type and its option groups which
mechanism is used. The second, non-fd based mechanism is prioritized.
cloexec[=<bool>]
Sets the FD_CLOEXEC flag with the fcntl() system call to value <bool>. If set, the file descriptor
is closed on exec() family function calls. Socat internally handles this flag for the fds it
controls, so in most cases there will be no need to apply this option.
setlk[=<bool>]
Tries to set a discretionary write lock to the whole file using the fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, ...)
system call. If the file is already locked, this call results in an error. On Linux, when the
file permissions for group are "S" (g-x,g+s), and the file system is locally mounted with the
"mand" option, the lock is mandatory, i.e. prevents other processes from opening the file.
setlkw[=<bool>]
Tries to set a discretionary waiting write lock to the whole file using the fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW,
...) system call. If the file is already locked, this call blocks. See option setlk for
information about making this lock mandatory.
setlk-rd[=<bool>]
Tries to set a discretionary read lock to the whole file using the fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, ...) system
call. If the file is already write locked, this call results in an error. See option setlk for
information about making this lock mandatory.
setlkw-rd[=<bool>]
Tries to set a discretionary waiting read lock to the whole file using the fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW,
...) system call. If the file is already write locked, this call blocks. See option setlk for
information about making this lock mandatory.
flock-ex[=<bool>]
Tries to set a blocking exclusive advisory lock to the file using the flock(fd, LOCK_EX) system
call. Socat hangs in this call if the file is locked by another process.
flock-ex-nb[=<bool>]
Tries to set a nonblocking exclusive advisory lock to the file using the flock(fd,
LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB) system call. If the file is already locked, this option results in an error.
flock-sh[=<bool>]
Tries to set a blocking shared advisory lock to the file using the flock(fd, LOCK_SH) system call.
Socat hangs in this call if the file is locked by another process.
flock-sh-nb[=<bool>]
Tries to set a nonblocking shared advisory lock to the file using the flock(fd, LOCK_SH|LOCK_NB)
system call. If the file is already locked, this option results in an error.
lock[=<bool>]
Sets a blocking lock on the file. Uses the setlk or flock mechanism depending on availability on
the particular platform. If both are available, the POSIX variant (setlkw) is used.
user=<user>
Sets the <user> (owner) of the stream. If the address is member of the NAMED option group, socat
uses the chown() system call after opening the file or binding to the UNIX domain socket (race
condition!). Without filesystem entry, socat sets the user of the stream using the fchown()
system call. These calls might require root privilege.
user-late=<user>
Sets the owner of the fd to <user> with the fchown() system call after opening or connecting the
channel. This is useful only on file system entries.
group=<group>
Sets the <group> of the stream. If the address is member of the NAMED option group, socat uses
the chown() system call after opening the file or binding to the UNIX domain socket (race
condition!). Without filesystem entry, socat sets the group of the stream with the fchown()
system call. These calls might require group membership or root privilege.
group-late=<group>
Sets the group of the fd to <group> with the fchown() system call after opening or connecting the
channel. This is useful only on file system entries.
mode=<mode>
Sets the <mode> [mode_t] (permissions) of the stream. If the address is member of the NAMED
option group and uses the open() or creat() call, the mode is applied with these. If the address
is member of the NAMED option group without using these system calls, socat uses the chmod()
system call after opening the filesystem entry or binding to the UNIX domain socket (race
condition!). Otherwise, socat sets the mode of the stream using fchmod() . These calls might
require ownership or root privilege.
perm-late=<mode>
Sets the permissions of the fd to value <mode> [mode_t] using the fchmod() system call after
opening or connecting the channel. This is useful only on file system entries.
append[=<bool>]
Always writes data to the actual end of file. If the address is member of the OPEN option group,
socat uses the O_APPEND flag with the open() system call (example). Otherwise, socat applies the
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_APPEND) call.
nonblock[=<bool>]
Tries to open or use file in nonblocking mode. Its only effects are that the connect() call of TCP
addresses does not block, and that opening a named pipe for reading does not block. If the
address is member of the OPEN option group, socat uses the O_NONBLOCK flag with the open() system
call. Otherwise, socat applies the fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) call.
binary[=<bool>]
Opens the file in binary mode to avoid implicit line terminator conversions (Cygwin).
text[=<bool>]
Opens the file in text mode to force implicit line terminator conversions (Cygwin).
noinherit[=<bool>]
Does not keep this file open in a spawned process (Cygwin).
cool-write[=<bool>]
Takes it easy when write fails with EPIPE or ECONNRESET and logs the message with notice level
instead of error. This prevents the log file from being filled with useless error messages when
socat is used as a high volume server or proxy where clients often abort the connection. Use this
option only with option fork because otherwise it might cause socat to exit with code 0 even on
failure.
This option is deprecated, consider using option children-shutup instead.
end-close[=<bool>]
Changes the (address dependent) method of ending a connection to just close the file descriptors.
This is useful when the connection is to be reused by or shared with other processes (example).
Normally, socket connections will be ended with shutdown(2) which terminates the socket even if it
is shared by multiple processes. close(2) "unlinks" the socket from the process but keeps it
active as long as there are still links from other processes.
Similarly, when an address of type EXEC or SYSTEM is ended, socat usually will explicitly kill the
sub process. With this option, it will just close the file descriptors.
shut-none[=<bool>]
Changes the (address dependent) method of shutting down the write part of a connection to not do
anything.
shut-down[=<bool>]
Changes the (address dependent) method of shutting down the write part of a connection to
shutdown(fd, SHUT_WR). Is only useful with sockets.
shut-close[=<bool>]
Changes the (address dependent) method of shutting down the write part of a connection to
close(fd).
shut-null[=<bool>]
When one address indicates EOF, socat will send a zero sized packet to the write channel of the
other address to transfer the EOF condition. This is useful with UDP and other datagram protocols.
Has been tested against netcat and socat with option null-eof.
null-eof[=<bool>]
Normally socat will ignore empty (zero size payload) packets arriving on datagram sockets, so it
survives port scans. With this option socat interprets empty datagram packets as EOF indicator
(see shut-null).
ioctl-void=<request>
Calls ioctl() with the request value as second argument and NULL as third argument. This option
allows utilizing ioctls that are not explicitly implemented in socat.
ioctl-int=<request>:<value>
Calls ioctl() with the request value as second argument and the integer value as third argument.
ioctl-intp=<request>:<value>
Calls ioctl() with the request value as second argument and a pointer to the integer value as
third argument.
ioctl-bin=<request>:<value>
Calls ioctl() with the request value as second argument and a pointer to the given data value as
third argument. This data must be specified in <dalan> form.
ioctl-string=<request>:<value>
Calls ioctl() with the request value as second argument and a pointer to the given string as third
argument. <dalan> form.
NAMED option group
These options work on file system entries.
Please note that, with UNIX domain client addresses, this means the bind entry, not the target/peer
entry.
See also options user, group, and mode.
user-early=<user>
Changes the <user> (owner) of the file system entry before accessing it, using the chown() system
call. This call might require root privilege.
group-early=<group>
Changes the <group> of the file system entry before accessing it, using the chown() system call.
This call might require group membership or root privilege.
perm-early=<mode>
Changes the <mode> [mode_t] of the file system entry before accessing it, using the chmod() system
call. This call might require ownership or root privilege.
unlink-early[=<bool>]
Unlinks (removes) the file before opening it and even before applying user-early etc.
unlink[=<bool>]
Unlinks (removes) the file before accessing it, but after user-early etc.
unlink-late[=<bool>]
Unlinks (removes) the file after opening it to make it inaccessible for other processes after a
short race condition.
unlink-close[=<bool>]
Controls removal of the addresses file system entry when closing the address. For named pipes,
UNIX domain sockets, and the symbolic links of pty addresses, the default is remove (1); for
created files, opened files, and generic opened files the default is keep (0). Setting this
option to 1 removes the entry, 0 keeps it. No value means 1.
OPEN option group
The OPEN group options allow setting flags with the open() system call. E.g., option `creat’ sets the
O_CREAT flag. When the used address does not use open() (e.g.STDIO), the fcntl(..., F_SETFL, ...) call
is used instead.
See also options append and nonblock.
creat[=<bool>]
Creates the file if it does not exist (example).
dsync[=<bool>]
Blocks write() calls until metainfo is physically written to media.
excl[=<bool>]
With option creat, if file exists this is an error.
largefile[=<bool>]
On 32 bit systems, allows a file larger than 2^31 bytes.
noatime[=<bool>]
Sets the O_NOATIME options, so reads do not change the access timestamp.
noctty[=<bool>]
Does not make this file the controlling terminal.
nofollow[=<bool>]
Does not follow symbolic links.
nshare[=<bool>]
Does not allow sharing this file with other processes.
rshare[=<bool>]
Does not allow other processes to open this file for writing.
rsync[=<bool>]
Blocks write() until metainfo is physically written to media.
sync[=<bool>]
Blocks write() until data is physically written to media.
rdonly[=<bool>]
Opens the file for reading only.
wronly[=<bool>]
Opens the file for writing only.
trunc[=<bool>]
Truncates the file to size 0 during opening it.
REG and BLK option group
These options are usually applied to a UN*X file descriptor, but their semantics make sense only on a
file supporting random access.
seek=<offset>
Applies the lseek(fd, <offset>, SEEK_SET) (or lseek64 ) system call, thus positioning the file
pointer absolutely to <offset> [off_t or off64_t]. Please note that a missing value defaults to 1,
not 0.
seek-cur=<offset>
Applies the lseek(fd, <offset>, SEEK_CUR) (or lseek64 ) system call, thus positioning the file
pointer <offset> [off_t or off64_t] bytes relatively to its current position (which is usually 0).
Please note that a missing value defaults to 1, not 0.
seek-end=<offset>
Applies the lseek(fd, <offset>, SEEK_END) (or lseek64 ) system call, thus positioning the file
pointer <offset> [off_t or off64_t] bytes relatively to the files current end. Please note that a
missing value defaults to 1, not 0.
ftruncate=<offset>
Applies the ftruncate(fd, <offset>) (or ftruncate64 if available) system call, thus truncating the
file at the position <offset> [off_t or off64_t]. Please note that a missing value defaults to 1,
not 0.
secrm[=<bool>]
unrm[=<bool>]
compr[=<bool>]
fs-sync[=<bool>]
immutable[=<bool>]
fs-append[=<bool>]
nodump[=<bool>]
fs-noatime[=<bool>]
journal-data[=<bool>]
notail[=<bool>]
dirsync[=<bool>]
These options change non standard file attributes on operating systems and file systems that
support these features, like Linux with ext2fs and successors, xfs, or reiserfs. See man 1 chattr
for information on these options. Please note that there might be a race condition between
creating the file and applying these options.
PIPE options
These options may be applied to pipes (fifos).
f-setpipe-sz=<int>
setpipe=<int>
Set the number of bytes a pipe can buffer. Where more bytes are written the writing process might
block. When more bytes are written in a single write() the writing process blocks and might never
recover.
General address options
These options may be applied to all address types. They change some process properties that are restored
after opening the address.
chdir=<filename>
cd=<filename>
Changes the working directory. After opening the address the master process changes back to the
original working directory. Sub processes inherit the temporary setting.
umask=<mode>
Sets the umask of the process to <mode> [mode_t] before opening the address. Useful when file
system entries are created or a shell or program is invoked. Usually the value is specified as
octal number.
The processes umask value is inherited by child processes. Note: umask is an inverted value:
creating a file with umask=0026 results in permissions 0640.
PROCESS option group
Options of this group change the process properties instead of just affecting one data channel. For EXEC
and SYSTEM addresses and for LISTEN and CONNECT type addresses with option fork, these options apply to
the child processes instead of the main socat process.
chroot=<directory>
Performs a chroot() operation to <directory> after processing the address (example). This call
might require root privilege.
chroot-early=<directory>
Performs a chroot() operation to <directory> before opening the address. This call might require
root privilege.
setgid=<group>
Changes the primary <group> of the process after processing the address. This call might require
root privilege. Please note that this option does not drop other group related privileges.
setgid-early=<group>
Like setgit but is performed before opening the address.
setuid=<user>
Changes the <user> (owner) of the process after processing the address. This call might require
root privilege. Please note that this option does not drop group related privileges. Check if
option su better fits your needs.
setuid-early=<user>
Like setuid but is performed before opening the address.
su=<user>
Changes the <user> (owner) and groups of the process after processing the address (example). This
call might require root privilege.
su-d=<user>
Short name for substuser-delayed. Changes the <user> (owner) and groups of the process after
processing the address (example). The user and his groups are retrieved before a possible
chroot() . This call might require root privilege.
setpgid=<pid_t>
Makes the process a member of the specified process group <pid_t>. If no value is given, or if the
value is 0 or 1, the process becomes leader of a new process group.
setsid Makes the process the leader of a new session (example).
netns=<net-namespace-name>
Before opening the address it tries to switch to the named network namespace. After opening the
address it switches back to the previous namespace. (Example with TCP forwarder, example with
virtual network connection.
Only on Linux; requires root; use option --experimental.
READLINE option group
Due to licensing restrictions the readline feature is disabled in Debian (see BUGS).
These options apply to the readline address type.
history=<filename>
Reads and writes history from/to <filename> (example).
noprompt
Since version 1.4.0, socat per default tries to determine a prompt - that is then passed to the
readline call - by remembering the last incomplete line of the output. With this option, socat
does not pass a prompt to readline, so it begins line editing in the first column of the terminal.
noecho=<pattern>
Specifies a regular pattern for a prompt that prevents the following input line from being
displayed on the screen and from being added to the history. The prompt is defined as the text
that was output to the readline address after the lastest newline character and before an input
character was typed. The pattern is a regular expression, e.g. "^[Pp]assword:.*$" or
"([Uu]ser:|[Pp]assword:)". See regex(7) for details. (example)
prompt=<string>
Passes the string as prompt to the readline function. readline prints this prompt when stepping
through the history. If this string matches a constant prompt issued by an interactive program on
the other socat address, consistent look and feel can be achieved.
APPLICATION option group
This group contains options that work at data level. Note that these options only apply to the "raw"
data transferred by socat, but not to protocol data used by addresses like PROXY.
cr Converts the default line termination character NL (’\n’, 0x0a) to/from CR (’\r’, 0x0d) when
writing/reading on this channel.
crnl Converts the default line termination character NL (’\n’, 0x0a) to/from CRNL ("\r\n", 0x0d0a) when
writing/reading on this channel (example). Note: socat simply strips all CR characters.
ignoreeof
When EOF occurs on this channel, socat ignores it and tries to read more data (like "tail -f")
(example).
readbytes=<bytes>
socat reads only so many bytes from this address (the address provides only so many bytes for
transfer and pretends to be at EOF afterwards). Must be greater than 0.
lockfile=<filename>
If lockfile exists, exits with error. If lockfile does not exist, creates it and continues,
unlinks lockfile on exit.
waitlock=<filename>
If lockfile exists, waits until it disappears. When lockfile does not exist, creates it and
continues, unlinks lockfile on exit.
escape=<int>
Specifies the numeric code of a character that triggers EOF on the input stream. It is useful with
a terminal in raw mode (example).
SOCKET option group
These options are intended for all kinds of sockets, e.g. IP or UNIX domain. Most are applied with a
setsockopt() call.
bind=<sockname>
Binds the socket to the given socket address using the bind() system call. The form of <sockname>
is socket domain dependent: IP4 and IP6 allow the form [hostname|hostaddress][:(service|port)]
(example), VSOCK allows the form [cid][:(port)].
See also: unix-bind-tempname
connect-timeout=<seconds>
Abort the connection attempt after <seconds> [timeval] with error status.
so-bindtodevice=<interface>
Binds the socket to the given <interface>. This option might require root privilege.
broadcast
For datagram sockets, allows sending to broadcast addresses and receiving packets addressed to
broadcast addresses.
debug Enables socket debugging.
dontroute
Only communicates with directly connected peers, does not use routers.
keepalive
Enables sending keepalives on the socket.
linger=<seconds>
Blocks shutdown() or close() until data transfers have finished or the given timeout [int]
expired.
oobinline
Places out-of-band data in the input data stream.
priority=<priority>
Sets the protocol defined <priority> [<int>] for outgoing packets.
rcvbuf=<bytes>
Sets the size of the receive buffer after the socket() call to <bytes> [int]. With TCP sockets,
this value corresponds to the socket’s maximal window size.
rcvbuf-late=<bytes>
Sets the size of the receive buffer when the socket is already connected to <bytes> [int]. With
TCP sockets, this value corresponds to the socket’s maximal window size.
so-rcvtimeo=<time>, rcvtimeo=<time>
Specifies the time [int] until recv() , read() etc. functions timeout when no data is received.
Note that in the transfer phase socat only calls these functions when select() has reported that
data is available. However this option is useful with DTLS addresses to timeout during connection
negotiation.
so-sndtimeo=<time>, sndtimeo=<time>
Like so-recvtimeo, but for send . Not usecase known.
rcvlowat=<bytes>
Specifies the minimum number of received bytes [int] until the socket layer will pass the buffered
data to socat.
reuseaddr[=[0|1]]
Allows other sockets to bind to an address even if parts of it (e.g. the local port) are already
in use by socat.
With version 1.8.0, this socket option is set automatically for TCP LISTEN addresses. If you
prefer the system default (no related setsockopt(...SO_REUSEADDR...) call at all), use form
reuseaddr=.
(example).
sndbuf=<bytes>
Sets the size of the send buffer after the socket() call to <bytes> [int].
sndbuf-late=<bytes>
Sets the size of the send buffer when the socket is connected to <bytes> [int].
sndlowat=<bytes>
Specifies the minimum number of bytes in the send buffer until the socket layer will send the data
to <bytes> [int].
pf=<string>
Forces the use of the specified IP version or protocol. <string> can be something like "ip4" or
"ip6". The resulting value is used as first argument to the socket() or socketpair() calls. This
option affects address resolution and the required syntax of bind and range options.
socktype=<type>
Sets the type of the socket, specified as second argument to the socket() or socketpair() calls,
to <type> [int]. Address resolution is not affected by this option. Under Linux, 1 means stream
oriented socket, 2 means datagram socket, 3 means raw socket, and 5 seqpacket (stream keeping
packet boundaries). Datagrams are useful when you want to keep packet boundaries.
protocol
Sets the protocol of the socket, specified as third argument to the socket() or socketpair()
calls, to <protocol> [int]. Address resolution is not affected by this option. 6 means TCP, 17
means UDP.
reuseport
Set the SO_REUSEPORT socket option.
so-timestamp
Sets the SO_TIMESTAMP socket option. This enables receiving and logging of timestamp ancillary
messages.
setsockopt=<level>:<optname>:<optval>
Invokes setsockopt() for the socket with the given parameters. level [int] is used as second
argument to setsockopt() and specifies the layer, e.g. SOL_TCP for TCP (6 on Linux), or SOL_SOCKET
for the socket layer (1 on Linux). optname [int] is the third argument to setsockopt() and tells
which socket option is to be set. For the actual numbers you might have to look up the appropriate
include files of your system. For the 4th and 5th setsockopt() parameters, value [dalan] specifies
an arbitrary sequence of bytes that are passed to the function per pointer, with the automatically
derived length parameter.
setsockopt-int=<level>:<optname>:<optval>
Like setsockopt, but <optval> is a pointer to int [int]
setsockopt-listen=<level>:<optname>:<optval>
Like setsockopt, but for listen type addresses it is applied to the listening socket instead of
the connected socket.
setsockopt-string=<level>:<optname>:<optval>
Like setsockopt, but <optval> is a string. This string is passed to the function with trailing
null character, and the length parameter is automatically derived from the data.
UNIX option group
These options apply to UNIX domain based addresses.
bind-tempname[=/tmp/pre-XXXXXX],
unix-bind-tempname[=/tmp/pre-XXXXXX]" Binds to a random path or random address (on abstract
namespace sockets). This is useful with datagram client addresses (SENDTO, or CLIENT) that are
opened in child processes forked off from a common parent process where the child processes cannot
have different bind options. In the path X ’s get replaced with a random character sequence
similar to tempnam(3). When no argument is given socat takes a default like /tmp/fileXXXXXX .
unix-tightsocklen[=(0|1)]
On socket operations, pass a socket address length that does not include the whole struct
sockaddr_un record but (besides other components) only the relevant part of the filename or
abstract string. Default is 1.
IP4 and IP6 option groups
These options can be used with IPv4 and IPv6 based sockets.
tos=<tos>
Sets the TOS (type of service) field of outgoing packets to <tos> [byte] (see RFC 791).
ttl=<ttl>
Sets the TTL (time to live) field of outgoing packets to <ttl> [byte].
ip-options=<data>
Sets IP options like source routing. Must be given in binary form, recommended format is a leading
"x" followed by an even number of hex digits. This option may be used multiple times, data are
appended. E.g., to connect to host 10.0.0.1 via some gateway using a loose source route, use the
gateway as address parameter and set a loose source route using the option
ip-options=x8307040a000001 .
IP options are defined in RFC 791.
mtudiscover=<0|1|2>
Takes 0, 1, 2 to never, want, or always use path MTU discover on this socket.
ip-pktinfo
Sets the IP_PKTINFO socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages
containing destination address and interface (Linux) (example).
ip-recverr
Sets the IP_RECVERR socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages
containing detailed error information.
ip-recvopts
Sets the IP_RECVOPTS socket option. This enables receiving and logging of IP options ancillary
messages (Linux, *BSD).
ip-recvtos
Sets the IP_RECVTOS socket option. This enables receiving and logging of TOS (type of service)
ancillary messages (Linux).
ip-recvttl
Sets the IP_RECVTTL socket option. This enables receiving and logging of TTL (time to live)
ancillary messages (Linux, *BSD).
ip-recvdstaddr
Sets the IP_RECVDSTADDR socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages
containing destination address (*BSD) (example).
ip-recvif
Sets the IP_RECVIF socket option. This enables receiving and logging of interface ancillary
messages (*BSD) (example).
ip-add-membership=<multicast-address:interface-address>
ip-add-membership=<multicast-address:interface-name>
ip-add-membership=<multicast-address:interface-index>
ip-add-membership=<multicast-address:interface-address:interface-name>
ip-add-membership=<multicast-address:interface-address:interface-index>
Makes the socket member of the specified multicast group. This only works for IPv4, see
ipv6-join-group for the IPv6 variant. The option takes the IP address of the multicast group and
info about the desired network interface. The most common syntax is the first one, while the
others are only available on systems that provide struct mreqn (Linux).
The indices of active network interfaces can be shown using the utility procan.
ip-add-source-membership=<multicast-address:interface-address:source-address>
Makes the socket member of the specified multicast group for the specified source, i.e. only
multicast traffic from this address is to be delivered. This only works for IPv4, see
ipv6-join-source-group for the IPv6 variant. The option takes the IP address of the multicast
group, the IP address of the desired network interface and the source IP address of the multicast
traffic.
ipv6-join-group=<multicast-address:interface-name>
ipv6-join-group=<multicast-address:interface-index>
Makes the socket member of the specified multicast group. This only works for IPv6, see
ip-add-membership for the IPv4 variant. The option takes the IP address of the multicast group and
info about the desired network interface. The indices of active network interfaces can be shown
using the utility procan.
ipv6-join-source-group=<multicast-address:interface-name:source-address>
ipv6-join-source-group=<multicast-address:interface-index:source-address>
Makes the socket member of the specified multicast group for the specified source, i.e. only
multicast traffic from this address is to be delivered. This only works for IPv6, see
ip-add-source-membership for the IPv4 variant. The option takes the IP address of the multicast
group, info about the desired network interface and the source IP address of the multicast
traffic. The indices of active network interfaces can be shown using the utility procan.
ip-multicast-if=<hostname>
Specifies hostname or address of the network interface to be used for multicast traffic.
ip-multicast-loop[=<bool>]
Specifies if outgoing multicast traffic should loop back to the interface.
ip-multicast-ttl=<byte>
Sets the TTL used for outgoing multicast traffic. Default is 1.
ip-transparent
Sets the IP_TRANSPARENT socket option. This option might require root privilege.
Resolver options
These options temporarily change the behaviour of hostname resolution. The options of form ai-* affect
behaviour of the getaddrinfo() function that includes /etc/hosts and NIS based lookups.
The addresses of form res-* only affect DNS lookups, and only when the result is not cached in nscd .
These options might not work on all operating systems or libc implementations.
ai-addrconfig[=0|1]
addrconfig[=0|1]
Sets or unsets the AI_ADDRCONFIG flag to prevent name resolution to address families that are not
available on the computer (e.g. IPv6). Default value is 1 in case the resolver does not get an
address family hint from Socat address or defaults.
ai-passive[=0|1]
passive[=0|1]
Sets of unsets the AI_PASSIVE flag for getaddrinfo() calls. Default is 1 for LISTEN, RECV, and
RECVFROM type addresses, and with bind option.
ai-v4mapped[=0|1]
v4mapped[=0|1]
Sets or unsets the AI_V4MAPPED flag for getaddrinfo() . With socat addresses requiring IPv6
addresses, this resolves IPv4 addresses to the approriate IPv6 address [::ffff:*:*]. For IPv6
Socat addresses, the default is 1.
res-debug
res-aaonly
res-usevc
res-primary
res-igntc
res-recurse
res-defnames
res-stayopen
res-dnsrch
These options set the corresponding resolver (name resolution) option flags. Append "=0" to clear
a default option. See man resolver(5) for more information on these options. Socat restores the
old values after finishing the open phase of the address, so these options are valid just for the
address they are applied to.
Please note that these flags only affect DNS resolution, but not hosts or NIS based name
resolution, and they have no effect when (g)libc retrieves the results from nscd .
res-retrans=<int>
Sets the retransmission time interval of the DNS resolver (based on an undocumented feature).
res-retry=<int>
Sets the number of retransmits of the DNS resolver (based on an undocumented feature).
res-nsaddr=<ipaddr>[:<port>]
Tries to overwrite nameserver settings loaded from /etc/resolv.conf by writing the given IPv4
address into the undocumented _res:nsaddr_list[0] field. /etc/hosts is still checked by resolver.
Please note that glibc’s nscd is always queried first when it is running!
IP6 option group
These options can only be used on IPv6 based sockets. See IP options for options that can be applied to
both IPv4 and IPv6 sockets.
ipv6only[=<bool>]
Sets the IPV6_V6ONLY socket option. If 0, the TCP stack will also accept connections using IPv4
protocol on the same port. The default is system dependent.
ipv6-recvdstopts
Sets the IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages
containing the destination options.
ipv6-recvhoplimit
Sets the IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages
containing the hoplimit.
ipv6-recvhopopts
Sets the IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages
containing the hop options.
ipv6-recvpktinfo
Sets the IPV6_RECVPKTINFO socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages
containing destination address and interface.
ipv6-unicast-hops=link(TYPE_INT)(<int>)
Sets the IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS socket option. This sets the hop count limit (TTL) for outgoing unicast
packets.
ipv6-recvrthdr
Sets the IPV6_RECVRTHDR socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages
containing routing information.
ipv6-tclass
Sets the IPV6_TCLASS socket option. This sets the transfer class of outgoing packets.
ipv6-recvtclass
Sets the IPV6_RECVTCLASS socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages
containing the transfer class.
TCP option group
These options may be applied to TCP sockets. They work by invoking setsockopt() with the appropriate
parameters.
cork Doesn’t send packets smaller than MSS (maximal segment size).
defer-accept
While listening, accepts connections only when data from the peer arrived.
keepcnt=<count>
Sets the number of keepalives before shutting down the socket to <count> [int].
keepidle=<seconds>
Sets the idle time before sending the first keepalive to <seconds> [int].
keepintvl=<seconds>
Sets the interval between two keepalives to <seconds> [int].
linger2=<seconds>
Sets the time to keep the socket in FIN-WAIT-2 state to <seconds> [int].
mss=<bytes>
Sets the MSS (maximum segment size) after the socket() call to <bytes> [int]. This value is then
proposed to the peer with the SYN or SYN/ACK packet (example).
mss-late=<bytes>
Sets the MSS of the socket after connection has been established to <bytes> [int].
nodelay
Turns off the Nagle algorithm for measuring the RTT (round trip time).
rfc1323
Enables RFC1323 TCP options: TCP window scale, round-trip time measurement (RTTM), and protect
against wrapped sequence numbers (PAWS) (AIX).
stdurg Enables RFC1122 compliant urgent pointer handling (AIX).
syncnt=<count>
Sets the maximal number of SYN retransmits during connect to <count> [int].
md5sig Enables generation of MD5 digests on the packets (FreeBSD).
noopt Disables use of TCP options (FreeBSD, MacOSX).
nopush sets the TCP_NOPUSH socket option (FreeBSD, MacOSX).
sack-disable
Disables use the selective acknowledge feature (OpenBSD).
signature-enable
Enables generation of MD5 digests on the packets (OpenBSD).
abort-threshold=<milliseconds>
Sets the time to wait for an answer of the peer on an established connection (HP-UX).
conn-abort-threshold=<milliseconds>
Sets the time to wait for an answer of the server during the initial connect (HP-UX).
keepinit
Sets the time to wait for an answer of the server during connect() before giving up. Value in half
seconds, default is 150 (75s) (Tru64).
paws Enables the "protect against wrapped sequence numbers" feature (Tru64).
sackena
Enables selective acknowledge (Tru64).
tsoptena
Enables the time stamp option that allows RTT recalculation on existing connections (Tru64).
UDP option group
This option may be applied to UDP datagram sockets.
udp-ignore-peerport>
Address UDP-DATAGRAM expects incoming responses to come from the port specified in its second
parameter. With this option, it accepts packets coming from any port.
UDPLITE option group
These options may be applied to UDPLITE addresses:
udplite-send-cscov
Sets the number of bytes for which the checksum is calculated and sent ("checksum coverage").
udplite-recv-cscov
Sets the number of bytes for which the checksum is checked ("checksum coverage").
SCTP option group
These options may be applied to SCTP stream sockets.
sctp-nodelay
Sets the SCTP_NODELAY socket option that disables the Nagle algorithm.
sctp-maxseg=<bytes>
Sets the SCTP_MAXSEG socket option to <bytes> [int]. This value is then proposed to the peer with
the SYN or SYN/ACK packet.
DCCP option group
These options may be applied to DCCP sockets.
dccp-set-ccid=<int>
ccid=<int>
Selects the desired congestion control mechanism (CCID).
UDP, TCP, SCTP, DCCP, and UDPLITE option group
Here we find options that are related to the network port mechanism and thus can be used with UDP, TCP,
SCTP, DCCP, and UDP-Lite client and server addresses.
sourceport=<port>
For outgoing (client) connections, it sets the source <port> using an extra bind() call. With TCP
or UDP listen addresses, socat immediately shuts down the connection if the client does not use
this sourceport. UDP-RECV, UDP-RECVFROM, UDP-SENDTO, and UDP-DATAGRAM addresses ignore the packet
when it does not match. (example).
lowport
Outgoing (client) connections with this option use an unused random source port between 640 and
1023 incl. On UNIX class operating systems, this requires root privilege, and thus indicates that
the client process is authorized by local root. TCP and UDP listen addresses with this option
immediately shut down the connection if the client does not use a sourceport <= 1023. This
mechanism can provide limited authorization under some circumstances.
SOCKS option group
When using SOCKS type addresses, some socks specific options can be set.
socksport=<tcp service>
Overrides the default "socks" service or port 1080 for the socks server port with <TCP service>.
socksuser=<user>
Sends the <user> [string] in the username field to the socks server. Default is the actual user
name ($LOGNAME or $USER) (example).
HTTP option group
Options that can be provided with HTTP type addresses. The only HTTP address currently implemented is
proxy-connect.
http-version=<string>
Changes the default "1.0" that is sent to the server in the initial HTTP request. Currently it has
not other effect, in particular it does not provide any means to send a Host header.
proxyport=<TCP service>
Overrides the default HTTP proxy port 8080 with <TCP service>.
ignorecr
The HTTP protocol requires the use of CR+NL as line terminator. When a proxy server violates this
standard, socat might not understand its answer. This option directs socat to interprete NL as
line terminator and to ignore CR in the answer. Nevertheless, socat sends CR+NL to the proxy.
proxy-authorization=<username>:<password>
Provide "basic" authentication to the proxy server. The argument to the option is used with a
"Proxy-Authorization: Basic" header in base64 encoded form.
Note: username and password are visible for every user on the local machine in the process list;
username and password are transferred to the proxy server unencrypted (base64 encoded) and might
be sniffed.
proxy-authorization-file=<filename>
Like option proxy-authorization, but the credentials are read from the file and therefore not
visible in the process list.
resolve
Per default, socat sends to the proxy a CONNECT request containing the target hostname. With this
option, socat resolves the hostname locally and sends the IP address. Please note that, according
to RFC 2396, only name resolution to IPv4 addresses is implemented.
RANGE option group
These options check if a connecting client should be granted access. They can be applied to listening and
receiving network sockets. tcp-wrappers options fall into this group.
range=<address-range>
After accepting a connection, tests if the peer is within range. For IPv4 addresses, address-range
takes the form address/bits, e.g. 10.0.0.0/8, or address:mask, e.g. 10.0.0.0:255.0.0.0 (example);
for IPv6, it is [ip6-address]/bits, e.g. [::1]/128. If the client address does not match, socat
refuses the connection attempt, issues a warning, and keeps listening/receiving.
tcpwrap[=<name>]
Uses Wietse Venema’s libwrap (tcpd) library to determine if the client is allowed to connect. The
configuration files are /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny per default, see "man 5 hosts_access"
for more information. The optional <name> (type string) is passed to the wrapper functions as
daemon process name (example). If omitted, the basename of socats invocation (argv[0]) is passed.
If both tcpwrap and range options are applied to an address, both conditions must be fulfilled to
allow the connection.
allow-table=<filename>
Takes the specified file instead of /etc/hosts.allow.
deny-table=<filename>
Takes the specified file instead of /etc/hosts.deny.
tcpwrap-etc=<directoryname>
Looks for hosts.allow and hosts.deny in the specified directory. Is overridden by options
hosts-allow and hosts-deny.
LISTEN option group
Options specific to listening sockets.
backlog=<count>
Sets the backlog value passed with the listen() system call to <count> [int]. Default is 5.
accept-timeout=<seconds>
End waiting for a connection after <seconds> [timeval] with error status.
CHILD option group
Addresses of LISTEN and CONNECT type take the fork option to handle multiple connections via child
processes.
fork After establishing a connection, handles its channel in a child process and keeps the parent
process attempting to produce more connections, either by listening or by connecting in a loop
(example).
OPENSSL-CONNECT and OPENSSL-LISTEN differ in when they actually fork off the child: OPENSSL-LISTEN
forks before the SSL handshake, while OPENSSL-CONNECT forks afterwards. retry and forever options
are not inherited by the child process.
On some operating systems (e.g. FreeBSD) this option does not work for UDP-LISTEN addresses.
max-children=<count>
Limits the number of concurrent child processes [int]. Default is no limit.
children-shutup[=1|2|..]
Decreases the severity of log messages produced by child processes. For example, with value 1
notices are logged as info (or dropped depending on option -dX), and errors are logged as warnings
but still cause termination of the child process.
This option is intended to reduce logging of high volume servers or proxies.
This option succeeds option cool-write.
EXEC option group
Options for addresses that invoke a program.
path=<string>
Overrides the PATH environment variable for searching the program with <string>. This $PATH value
is effective in the child process too.
login Prefixes argv[0] for the execvp() call with ’-’, thus making a shell behave as login shell.
FORK option group
EXEC or SYSTEM addresses invoke a program using a child process and transfer data between socat and the
program. The interprocess communication mechanism can be influenced with the following options. Per
default, a socketpair() is created and assigned to stdin and stdout of the child process, while stderr is
inherited from the socat process, and the child process uses file descriptors 0 and 1 for communicating
with the main socat process.
nofork Does not fork a subprocess for executing the program, instead calls execvp() or system() directly
from the actual socat instance. This avoids the overhead of another process between the program
and its peer, but introduces a lot of restrictions:
o this option can only be applied to the second socat address.
o it cannot be applied to a part of a dual address.
o the first socat address cannot be OPENSSL or READLINE
o socat options -b, -t, -D, -l, -v, -x become useless
o for both addresses, options ignoreeof, cr, and crnl become useless
o for the second address (the one with option nofork), options append, cloexec, flock, user, group,
mode, nonblock, perm-late, setlk, and setpgid cannot be applied. Some of these could be used on
the first address though.
pipes Creates a pair of unnamed pipes for interprocess communication instead of a socket pair.
openpty
Establishes communication with the sub process using a pseudo terminal created with openpty()
instead of the default (socketpair or ptmx).
ptmx Establishes communication with the sub process using a pseudo terminal created by opening
/dev/ptmx or /dev/ptc instead of the default (socketpair).
pty Establishes communication with the sub process using a pseudo terminal instead of a socket pair.
Creates the pty with an available mechanism. If openpty and ptmx are both available, it uses ptmx
because this is POSIX compliant (example).
ctty Makes the pty the controlling tty of the sub process (example).
stderr Directs stderr of the sub process to its output channel by making stderr a dup() of stdout
(example).
fdin=<fdnum>
Assigns the sub processes input channel to its file descriptor <fdnum> instead of stdin (0). The
program started from the subprocess has to use this fd for reading data from socat (example).
fdout=<fdnum>
Assigns the sub processes output channel to its file descriptor <fdnum> instead of stdout (1). The
program started from the subprocess has to use this fd for writing data to socat (example).
sighup, sigint, sigquit
Has socat pass signals of this type to the sub process. If no address has this option, socat
terminates on these signals.
Options for address SHELL
shell=<filename>
Overwrites use the default shell with the named executable, e.g. /bin/dash. Also sets the SHELL
environment variable.
TERMIOS option group
For addresses that work on a tty (e.g., stdio, file:/dev/tty, exec:...,pty), the terminal parameters
defined in the UN*X termios mechanism are made available as address option parameters. Please note that
changes of the parameters of your interactive terminal remain effective after socat’s termination, so you
might have to enter "reset" or "stty sane" in your shell afterwards. For EXEC and SYSTEM addresses with
option PTY, these options apply to the pty by the child processes.
b0 Disconnects the terminal.
b19200 Sets the serial line speed to 19200 baud. Some other rates are possible; use something like socat
-hh |grep ’ b[1-9]’ to find all speeds supported by your implementation.
Note: On some operating systems, these options may not be available. Use ispeed or ospeed instead.
echo[=<bool>]
Enables or disables local echo.
icanon[=<bool>]
Sets or clears canonical mode, enabling line buffering and some special characters.
raw Sets raw mode, thus passing input and output almost unprocessed. This option is obsolete, use
option rawer or cfmakeraw instead.
rawer Makes terminal rawer than raw option. This option implicitly turns off echo. (example).
cfmakeraw
Sets raw mode by invoking cfmakeraw() or by simulating this call. This option implicitly turns off
echo.
ignbrk[=<bool>]
Ignores or interpretes the BREAK character (e.g., ^C)
brkint[=<bool>]
bs0
bs1
bsdly=<0|1>
clocal[=<bool>]
cr0
cr1
cr2
cr3
Sets the carriage return delay to 0, 1, 2, or 3, respectively. 0 means no delay, the other values
are terminal dependent.
crdly=<0|1|2|3>
cread[=<bool>]
crtscts[=<bool>]
cs5
cs6
cs7
cs8
Sets the character size to 5, 6, 7, or 8 bits, respectively.
csize=<0|1|2|3>
cstopb[=<bool>]
Sets two stop bits, rather than one.
dsusp=<byte>
Sets the value for the VDSUSP character that suspends the current foreground process and
reactivates the shell (all except Linux).
echoctl[=<bool>]
Echos control characters in hat notation (e.g. ^A)
echoe[=<bool>]
echok[=<bool>]
echoke[=<bool>]
echonl[=<bool>]
echoprt[=<bool>]
eof=<byte>
eol=<byte>
eol2=<byte>
erase=<byte>
discard=<byte>
ff0
ff1
ffdly[=<bool>]
flusho[=<bool>]
hupcl[=<bool>]
icrnl[=<bool>]
iexten[=<bool>]
igncr[=<bool>]
ignpar[=<bool>]
imaxbel[=<bool>]
inlcr[=<bool>]
inpck[=<bool>]
intr=<byte>
isig[=<bool>]
ispeed=<unsigned-int>
Set the baud rate for incoming data on this line.
See also: ospeed, b19200
istrip[=<bool>]
iuclc[=<bool>]
ixany[=<bool>]
ixoff[=<bool>]
ixon[=<bool>]
kill=<byte>
lnext=<byte>
min=<byte>
nl0 Sets the newline delay to 0.
nl1
nldly[=<bool>]
noflsh[=<bool>]
ocrnl[=<bool>]
ofdel[=<bool>]
ofill[=<bool>]
olcuc[=<bool>]
onlcr[=<bool>]
onlret[=<bool>]
onocr[=<bool>]
opost[=<bool>]
Enables or disables output processing; e.g., converts NL to CR-NL.
ospeed=<unsigned-int>
Set the baud rate for outgoing data on this line.
See also: ispeed, b19200
parenb[=<bool>]
Enable parity generation on output and parity checking for input.
parmrk[=<bool>]
parodd[=<bool>]
pendin[=<bool>]
quit=<byte>
reprint=<byte>
sane Brings the terminal to something like a useful default state.
start=<byte>
stop=<byte>
susp=<byte>
swtc=<byte>
tab0
tab1
tab2
tab3
tabdly=<unsigned-int>
time=<byte>
tostop[=<bool>]
vt0
vt1
vtdly[=<bool>]
werase=<byte>
xcase[=<bool>]
xtabs
i-pop-all
With UNIX System V STREAMS, removes all drivers from the stack.
i-push=<string>
With UNIX System V STREAMS, pushes the driver (module) with the given name (string) onto the
stack. For example, to make sure that a character device on Solaris supports termios etc, use the
following options: i-pop-all,i-push=ptem,i-push=ldterm,i-push=ttcompat
PTY option group
These options are intended for use with the pty address type.
link=<filename>
Generates a symbolic link that points to the actual pseudo terminal (pty). This might help to
solve the problem that ptys are generated with more or less unpredictable names, making it
difficult to directly access the socat generated pty automatically. With this option, the user can
specify a "fix" point in the file hierarchy that helps him to access the actual pty (example).
Beginning with socat version 1.4.3, the symbolic link is removed when the address is closed (but
see option unlink-close).
wait-slave
Blocks the open phase until a process opens the slave side of the pty. Usually, socat continues
after generating the pty with opening the next address or with entering the transfer loop. With
the wait-slave option, socat waits until some process opens the slave side of the pty before
continuing. This option only works if the operating system provides the poll() system call. And
it depends on an undocumented behaviour of pty’s, so it does not work on all operating systems. It
has successfully been tested on Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and on Tru64 with openpty.
pty-interval=<seconds>
When the wait-slave option is set, socat periodically checks the HUP condition using poll() to
find if the pty’s slave side has been opened. The default polling interval is 1s. Use the
pty-interval option [timeval] to change this value.
sitout-eio=<timeval>
The login program in Linux closes its tty/pty and reopens it for security reasons. During this
time the pty master would get EIO on I/O operations and might terminate. With this option socat
tolerates EIO for the specified time. Please note that in this state socat blocks traffic in both
directions, even when it is not related to this channel.
OPENSSL option group
These options apply to the openssl and openssl-listen address types.
cipher=<cipherlist>
Specifies the list of ciphers that may be used for the connection. See the man page of ciphers ,
section CIPHER LIST FORMAT, for detailed information about syntax, values, and default of
<cipherlist>.
Several cipher strings may be given, separated by ’:’. Some simple cipher strings:
3DES Uses a cipher suite with triple DES.
MD5 Uses a cipher suite with MD5.
aNULL Uses a cipher suite without authentication.
NULL Does not use encryption.
HIGH Uses a cipher suite with "high" encryption. Note that the peer must support the selected
property, or the negotiation will fail.
method=<ssl-method>
This option is based on deprecated functions and is only available when socat was build with
option --with-openssl-method. Use option min-proto-version and maybe max-proto-version instead.
Sets the protocol version to be used. Valid strings (not case sensitive) are:
SSL2 Select SSL protocol version 2.
SSL3 Select SSL protocol version 3.
SSL23 Select the best available SSL or TLS protocol.
TLS1 Select TLS protocol version 1.
TLS1.1 Select TLS protocol version 1.1.
TLS1.2 Select TLS protocol version 1.2. When this option is not provided OpenSSL negotiates the mothod
with its peer.
min-proto-version
This option tells OpenSSL to use this or a later SSL/TLS protocol version and refuses to accept a
lower/older protocol. Valid syntax is:
SSL2 Select SSL protocol version 2.
SSL3 Select SSL protocol version 3.
TLS1
TLS1.0 Select TLS protocol version 1.
TLS1.1 Select TLS protocol version 1.1.
TLS1.2 Select TLS protocol version 1.2.
TLS1.3 Select TLS protocol version 1.3.
openssl-max-proto-version
This option is similar to min-proto-version, however, it disallows use of a higher protocol
version. Useful for testing the peer.
verify[=<bool>]
Controls check of the peer’s certificate. Default is 1 (true). Disabling verify might open your
socket for everyone, making the encryption useless!
cert=<filename>
Specifies the file with the certificate and private key for authentication. The certificate must
be in OpenSSL format (*.pem). With openssl-listen, use of this option is strongly recommended.
Except with cipher aNULL, "no shared ciphers" error will occur when no certificate is given.
key=<filename>
Specifies the file with the private key. The private key may be in this file or in the file given
with the cert option. The party that has to proof that it is the owner of a certificate needs the
private key.
dhparams=<filename>
Specifies the file with the Diffie Hellman parameters. These parameters may also be in the file
given with the cert option in which case the dhparams option is not needed.
cafile=<filename>
Specifies the file with the trusted (root) authority certificates. The file must be in PEM format
and should contain one or more certificates. The party that checks the authentication of its peer
trusts only certificates that are in this file.
capath=<dirname>
Specifies the directory with the trusted (root) certificates. The directory must contain
certificates in PEM format and their hashes (see OpenSSL documentation)
egd=<filename>
On some systems, openssl requires an explicit source of random data. Specify the socket name where
an entropy gathering daemon like egd provides random data, e.g. /dev/egd-pool.
openssl-maxfraglen=<int>, maxfraglen=<int>
For client connections, make a Max Fragment Length Negotiation Request to the server to limit the
maximum size fragment the server will send to us. Supported lengths are: 512, 1024, 2048, or 4096.
Note that this option is not applicable for OPENSSL-LISTEN.
openssl-maxsendfrag=<int>, maxsendfrag=<int>
Limit the maximum size of the fragment we will send to the other side. Supported length range: 512
- 16384. Note that under OPENSSL-LISTEN, the maximum fragment size may be further limited by the
client’s Maximum Fragment Length Negotiation Request, if it makes one.
pseudo On systems where openssl cannot find an entropy source and where no entropy gathering daemon can
be utilized, this option activates a mechanism for providing pseudo entropy. This is achieved by
taking the current time in microseconds for feeding the libc pseudo random number generator with
an initial value. openssl is then feeded with output from random() calls.
NOTE:This mechanism is not sufficient for generation of secure keys!
compress
Enable or disable the use of compression for a connection. Setting this to "none" disables
compression, setting it to "auto" lets OpenSSL choose the best available algorithm supported by
both parties. The default is to not touch any compression-related settings. NOTE: Requires
OpenSSL 0.9.8 or higher and disabling compression with OpenSSL 0.9.8 affects all new connections
in the process.
commonname=<string>
Specify the commonname that the peer certificate must match. With OPENSSL-CONNECT address this
overrides the given hostname or IP target address; with OPENSSL-LISTEN this turns on check of peer
certificates commonname. This option has only meaning when option verify is not disabled and the
chosen cipher provides a peer certificate.
no-sni[=<bool>]
Do not use the client side Server Name Indication (SNI) feature that selects the desired server
certificate.
Note: SNI is automatically used since socat version 1.7.4.0 and uses commonname or the given host
name.
snihost=<string>
Set the client side Server Name Indication (SNI) host name different from the addressed server
name or common name. This might be useful when the server certificate has multiple host names or
wildcard names because the SNI host name is passed in cleartext to the server and might be
eavesdropped; with this option a mock name of the desired certificate may be transferred.
fips Enables FIPS mode if compiled in. For info about the FIPS encryption implementation standard see
http://oss-institute.org/fips-faq.html. This mode might require that the involved certificates
are generated with a FIPS enabled version of openssl. Setting or clearing this option on one socat
address affects all OpenSSL addresses of this process.
RETRY option group
Options that control retry of some system calls, especially connection attempts.
retry=<num>
Number of retries before the connection or listen attempt is aborted. Default is 0, which means
just one attempt.
interval=<timespec>
Time between consecutive attempts (seconds, [timespec]). Default is 1 second.
forever
Performs an unlimited number of retry attempts.
INTERFACE option group
These options may be applied to addresses INTERFACE and TUN. These address types and options are
currently only implemented on Linux operating system.
Note regarding VLANs: On incoming packets the Linux kernel strips off the VLAN tag before passing the
data to the user space program on raw sockets. Special measures are required to get the VLAN information,
see packet(7) PACKET_AUXDATA, and to optionally insert the tag into the packet again, use option
retrieve-vlan when you need this.
retrieve-vlan
On packets incoming on raw sockets, retrieve the VLAN information and insert it into the packets
for further processing (Linux)
iff-up Sets the TUN network interface status UP. Strongly recommended.
iff-broadcast
Sets the BROADCAST flag of the TUN network interface.
iff-debug
Sets the DEBUG flag of the TUN network interface.
iff-loopback
Sets the LOOPBACK flag of the TUN network interface.
iff-pointopoint
Sets the POINTOPOINT flag of the TUN device.
iff-notrailers
Sets the NOTRAILERS flag of the TUN device.
iff-running
Sets the RUNNING flag of the TUN device.
iff-noarp
Sets the NOARP flag of the TUN device.
iff-promisc
Sets the PROMISC flag of the TUN device.
iff-allmulti
Sets the ALLMULTI flag of the TUN device.
iff-master
Sets the MASTER flag of the TUN device.
iff-slave
Sets the SLAVE flag of the TUN device.
iff-multicast
Sets the MULTICAST flag of the TUN device.
iff-portsel
Sets the PORTSEL flag of the TUN device.
iff-automedia
Sets the AUTOMEDIA flag of the TUN device.
iff-dynamic
Sets the DYNAMIC flag of the TUN device.
TUN option group
Options that control Linux TUN/TAP interface device addresses.
tun-device=<device-file>
Instructs socat to take another path for the TUN clone device. Default is /dev/net/tun.
tun-name=<if-name>
Gives the resulting network interface a specific name instead of the system generated (tun0, tun1,
etc.)
tun-type=[tun|tap]
Sets the type of the TUN device; use this option to generate a TAP device. See the Linux docu for
the difference between these types. When you try to establish a tunnel between two TUN devices,
their types should be the same.
iff-no-pi
Sets the IFF_NO_PI flag which controls if the device includes additional packet information in the
tunnel. When you try to establish a tunnel between two TUN devices, these flags should have the
same values.
POSIX-MQ option group
Options that may be applied to POSIX-MQ addresses.
posixmq-priority (mq-prio)
Sets the priority of messages (packets) written to the queue, or the minimal priority of packet
read from the queue.
DATA VALUES
This section explains the different data types that address parameters and address options can take.
address-range
Is currently only implemented for IPv4 and IPv6. See address-option `range’
bool "0" or "1"; if value is omitted, "1" is taken.
byte An unsigned int number, read with strtoul() , lower or equal to UCHAR_MAX .
command-line
A string specifying a program name and its arguments, separated by single spaces.
data This is a more general data specification. The given text string contains information about the
target data type and value. Generally a leading character specifies the type of the following data
item. In its specific context a default data type may exist.
Currently only the following specifications are implemented:
i A signed integer number, stored in host byte order.
Example: i-1000 (Integer number -1000)
I An unsigned integer number, stored in host byte order.
l A signed long integer number, stored in host byte order.
L An unsigned long integer number, stored in host byte order.
s A signed short integer number, stored in host byte order.
S An unsigned short integer number, stored in host byte order.
b A signed byte (signed char).
B An unsigned byte (unsigned char).
x Following is an even number of hex digits, stored as sequence of bytes.
Example: x7f000001 (IP address 127.0.0.1)
" Following is a string that is used with the common conversions \n \r \t \f \b \a \e \0; the string
must be closed with ’"’. Please note that the quotes and backslashes need to be escaped from shell
and socat conversion.
Example: "Hello world!\n"
’ A single char, with the usual conversions. Please note that the quotes and backslashes need to be
escaped from shell and socat conversion.
Example: ’a’ Data items may be separated with white space without need to repeat the type
specifier again.
directory
A string with usual UN*X directory name semantics.
facility
The name of a syslog facility in lower case characters.
fdnum An unsigned int type, read with strtoul() , specifying a UN*X file descriptor.
filename
A string with usual UN*X filename semantics.
group If the first character is a decimal digit, the value is read with strtoul() as unsigned integer
specifying a group id. Otherwise, it must be an existing group name.
int A number following the rules of the strtol() function with base "0", i.e. decimal number, octal
number with leading "0", or hexadecimal number with leading "0x". The value must fit into a C int.
interface
A string specifying the device name of a network interface as shown by ifconfig or procan, e.g.
"eth0".
IP address
An IPv4 address in numbers-and-dots notation, an IPv6 address in hex notation enclosed in
brackets, or a hostname that resolves to an IPv4 or an IPv6 address.
Examples: 127.0.0.1, [::1], www.dest-unreach.org, dns1
IPv4 address
An IPv4 address in numbers-and-dots notation or a hostname that resolves to an IPv4 address.
Examples: 127.0.0.1, www.dest-unreach.org, dns2
IPv6 address
An IPv6 address in hexnumbers-and-colons notation enclosed in brackets, or a hostname that
resolves to an IPv6 address.
Examples: [::1], [1234:5678:9abc:def0:1234:5678:9abc:def0], ip6name.domain.org
long A number read with strtol() . The value must fit into a C long.
long long
A number read with strtoll() . The value must fit into a C long long.
off_t An implementation dependend signed number, usually 32 bits, read with strtol or strtoll.
off64_t
An implementation dependend signed number, usually 64 bits, read with strtol or strtoll.
mode_t An unsigned integer, read with strtoul() , specifying mode (permission) bits.
pid_t A number, read with strtol() , specifying a process id.
port A uint16_t (16 bit unsigned number) specifying a TCP or UDP port, read with strtoul() .
protocol
An unsigned 8 bit number, read with strtoul() .
size_t An unsigned number with size_t limitations, read with strtoul .
sockname
A socket address. See address-option `bind’
string A sequence of characters, not containing ’\0’ and, depending on the position within the command
line, ’:’, ’,’, or "!!". Note that you might have to escape shell meta characters in the command
line.
TCP service
A service name, not starting with a digit, that is resolved by getservbyname() , or an unsigned
int 16 bit number read with strtoul() .
timeval
A double float specifying seconds; the number is mapped into a struct timeval, consisting of
seconds and microseconds.
timespec
A double float specifying seconds; the number is mapped into a struct timespec, consisting of
seconds and nanoseconds.
UDP service
A service name, not starting with a digit, that is resolved by getservbyname() , or an unsigned
int 16 bit number read with strtoul() .
unsigned int
A number read with strtoul() . The value must fit into a C unsigned int.
user If the first character is a decimal digit, the value is read with strtoul() as unsigned integer
specifying a user id. Otherwise, it must be an existing user name.
VSOCK cid
A uint32_t (32 bit unsigned number) specifying a VSOCK Context Identifier (CID), read with
strtoul() . There are several special addresses: VMADDR_CID_ANY (-1U) means any address for
binding; VMADDR_CID_HOST (2) is the well-known address of the host.
VSOCK port
A uint32_t (32 bit unsigned number) specifying a VSOCK port, read with strtoul() .
EXAMPLES
socat - TCP4:www.domain.org:80
transfers data between STDIO (-) and a TCP4 connection to port 80 of host www.domain.org. This
example results in an interactive connection similar to telnet or netcat. The stdin terminal
parameters are not changed, so you may close the relay with ^D or abort it with ^C.
socat \
TCP4-LISTEN:www \
TCP4:www.domain.org:www
installs a simple TCP port forwarder. With TCP4-LISTEN it listens on local port "www" until a
connection comes in, accepts it, then connects to the remote host (TCP4) and starts data transfer.
It will not accept a second connection.
socat -d -d -lmlocal2 \
TCP4-LISTEN:80,bind=myaddr1,reuseaddr,fork,su=nobody,range=10.0.0.0/8 \
TCP4:www.domain.org:80,bind=myaddr2
TCP port forwarder, each side bound to another local IP address (bind). This example handles an
almost arbitrary number of parallel or consecutive connections by fork’ing a new process after
each accept() . It provides a little security by su’ing to user nobody after forking; it only
permits connections from the private 10 network (range); due to reuseaddr, it allows immediate
restart after master process’s termination, even if some child sockets are not completely shut
down. With -lmlocal2, socat logs to stderr until successfully reaching the accept loop. Further
logging is directed to syslog with facility local2.
socat \
TCP4-LISTEN:5555,fork,tcpwrap=script \
EXEC:/bin/myscript,chroot=/home/sandbox,su-d=sandbox,pty,stderr
a simple server that accepts connections (TCP4-LISTEN) and fork’s a new child process for each
connection; every child acts as single relay. The client must match the rules for daemon process
name "script" in /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny, otherwise it is refused access (see "man 5
hosts_access"). For EXEC’uting the program, the child process chroot’s to /home/sandbox, su’s to
user sandbox, and then starts the program /home/sandbox/bin/myscript. Socat and myscript
communicate via a pseudo tty (pty); myscript’s stderr is redirected to stdout, so its error
messages are transferred via socat to the connected client.
socat \
EXEC:"mail.sh target@domain.com",fdin=3,fdout=4 \
TCP4:mail.relay.org:25,crnl,bind=alias1.server.org,mss=512
mail.sh is a shell script, distributed with socat, that implements a simple SMTP client. It is
programmed to "speak" SMTP on its FDs 3 (in) and 4 (out). The fdin and fdout options tell socat
to use these FDs for communication with the program. Because mail.sh inherits stdin and stdout
while socat does not use them, the script can read a mail body from stdin. Socat makes alias1 your
local source address (bind), cares for correct network line termination (crnl) and sends at most
512 data bytes per packet (mss).
socat \
-,escape=0x0f \
/dev/ttyS0,rawer,crnl
opens an interactive connection via the serial line, e.g. for talking with a modem. rawer sets the
console’s and ttyS0’s terminal parameters to practicable values, crnl converts to correct newline
characters. escape allows terminating the socat process with character control-O.
socat \
UNIX-LISTEN:/tmp/.X11-unix/X1,fork \
SOCKS4:host.victim.org:127.0.0.1:6000,socksuser=nobody,sourceport=20
with UNIX-LISTEN, socat opens a listening UNIX domain socket /tmp/.X11-unix/X1. This path
corresponds to local XWindow display :1 on your machine, so XWindow client connections to
DISPLAY=:1 are accepted. Socat then speaks with the SOCKS4 server host.victim.org that might
permit sourceport 20 based connections due to an FTP related weakness in its static IP filters.
Socat pretends to be invoked by socksuser nobody, and requests to be connected to loopback port
6000 (only weak sockd configurations will allow this). So we get a connection to the victims
XWindow server and, if it does not require MIT cookies or Kerberos authentication, we can start
work. Please note that there can only be one connection at a time, because TCP can establish only
one session with a given set of addresses and ports.
socat -u \
/tmp/readdata,seek-end=0,ignoreeof \
STDIO
this is an example for unidirectional data transfer (-u). Socat transfers data from file
/tmp/readdata (implicit address GOPEN), starting at its current end (seek-end=0 lets socat start
reading at current end of file; use seek=0 or no seek option to first read the existing data) in a
"tail -f" like mode (ignoreeof). The "file" might also be a listening UNIX domain socket (do not
use a seek option then).
(sleep 5; echo PASSWORD; sleep 5; echo ls; sleep 1) | \
socat - \
EXEC:'ssh -l user server',pty,setsid,ctty
EXEC’utes an ssh session to server. Uses a pty for communication between socat and ssh, makes it
ssh’s controlling tty (ctty), and makes this pty the owner of a new process group (setsid), so ssh
accepts the password from socat.
socat -u \
TCP4-LISTEN:3334,reuseaddr,fork \
OPEN:/tmp/in.log,creat,append
implements a simple network based message collector. For each client connecting to port 3334, a
new child process is generated (option fork). All data sent by the clients are append’ed to the
file /tmp/in.log. If the file does not exist, socat creat’s it. Option reuseaddr allows
immediate restart of the server process.
socat \
PTY,link=$HOME/dev/vmodem0,rawer,wait-slave \
EXEC:'"ssh modemserver.us.org socat - /dev/ttyS0,nonblock,rawer"'
generates a pseudo terminal device (PTY) on the client that can be reached under the symbolic link
$HOME/dev/vmodem0. An application that expects a serial line or modem can be configured to use
$HOME/dev/vmodem0; its traffic will be directed to a modemserver via ssh where another socat
instance links it to /dev/ttyS0.
sudo socat --experimental \
TCP4-LISTEN:8000,reuseaddr,fork,netns=namespace1 \
TCP4-CONNECT:server2:8000
creates a listener in the given network namespace that accepts TCP connections on port 8000 and
forwards them to server2.
sudo socat --experimental \
TUN:192.168.2.1/24,up \
TUN:192.168.2.2/24,up,netns=namespace2
creates two virtual network interfaces, one in default namespace, the other one in namespace2, and
forwards packets between them, acting as a virtual network connection.
socat \
TCP4-LISTEN:2022,reuseaddr,fork \
PROXY:proxy.local:www.domain.org:22,proxyport=3128,proxyauth=username:s3cr3t
starts a forwarder that accepts connections on port 2022, and directs them through the proxy
daemon listening on port 3128 (proxyport) on host proxy.local, using the CONNECT method, where
they are authenticated as "username" with "s3cr3t" (proxyauth). proxy.local should establish
connections to host www.domain.org on port 22 then.
socat - \
SSL:server:4443,cafile=./server.crt,cert=./client.pem
is an OpenSSL client that tries to establish a secure connection to an SSL server. Option cafile
specifies a file that contains trust certificates: we trust the server only when it presents one
of these certificates and proofs that it owns the related private key. Otherwise the connection
is terminated. With cert a file containing the client certificate and the associated private key
is specified. This is required in case the server wishes a client authentication; many Internet
servers do not.
The first address (’-’) can be replaced by almost any other socat address.
socat \
OPENSSL-LISTEN:4443,reuseaddr,pf=ip4,fork,cert=./server.pem,cafile=./client.crt \
PIPE
is an OpenSSL server that accepts TCP connections, presents the certificate from the file
server.pem and forces the client to present a certificate that is verified against cafile.crt.
The second address (’PIPE’) can be replaced by almost any other socat address.
For instructions on generating and distributing OpenSSL keys and certificates see the additional
socat docu socat-openssl.txt.
echo |
socat -u - \
FILE:/tmp/bigfile,create,largefile,seek=100000000000
creates a 100GB+1B sparse file; this requires a file system type that supports this (ext2, ext3,
ext4, reiserfs, xfs; not minix, vfat). The operation of writing 1 byte might take long (reiserfs:
some minutes; ext2: "no" time), and the resulting file can consume some disk space with just its
inodes (reiserfs: 2MB; ext2: 16KB).
socat \
TCP-L:7777,reuseaddr,fork \
SYSTEM:'filan -i 0 -s >&2',nofork
listens for incoming TCP connections on port 7777. For each accepted connection, invokes a shell.
This shell has its stdin and stdout directly connected to the TCP socket (nofork). The shell
starts filan and lets it print the socket addresses to stderr (your terminal window).
echo -e "\0\14\0\0\c" |
socat -u - \
FILE:/usr/bin/squid.exe,seek=0x00074420
functions as primitive binary editor: it writes the 4 bytes 000 014 000 000 to the executable
/usr/bin/squid.exe at offset 0x00074420 (this was a real world patch to make the squid executable
from Cygwin run under Windows, in 2004).
socat - \
TCP:www.blackhat.org:31337,readbytes=1000
connects to an unknown service and prevents being flooded.
socat -U \
TCP:target:9999,end-close \
TCP-L:8888,reuseaddr,fork
merges data arriving from different TCP streams on port 8888 to just one stream to target:9999.
The end-close option prevents the child processes forked off by the second address from
terminating the shared connection to 9999 (close(2) just unlinks the inode which stays active as
long as the parent process lives; shutdown(2) would actively terminate the connection).
socat \
TCP-LISTEN:10021,reuseaddr,socktype=6,protocol=33,fork PIPE
is a simple DCCP echo server. DCCP is now directly provisioned in socat, however this example
shows how use socats TCP procedures and change the socket type to SOCK_DCCP=6 (on Linux) and the
IP protocol to IPPROTO_DCCP=33.
socat - \
TCP:<server>:10021,reuseaddr,socktype=6,protocol=33,fork
is a simple DCCP client. DCCP is now directly provisioned in socat, however this example shows how
use socats TCP procedures, but changes the socket type to SOCK_DCCP=6 (on Linux) and the IP
protocol to IPPROTO_DCCP=33.
socat - \
UDP4-DATAGRAM:192.168.1.0:123,sp=123,broadcast,range=192.168.1.0/24
sends a broadcast to the network 192.168.1.0/24 and receives the replies of the timeservers there.
Ignores NTP packets from hosts outside this network.
socat - \
SOCKET-DATAGRAM:2:2:17:x007bxc0a80100x0000000000000000,bind=x007bx00000000x0000000000000000,setsockopt-int=1:6:1,range=x0000xc0a80100x0000000000000000:x0000xffffff00x0000000000000000
is semantically equivalent to the previous example, but all parameters are specified in generic
form. the value 6 of setsockopt-int is the Linux value for SO_BROADCAST.
socat - \
IP4-DATAGRAM:255.255.255.255:44,broadcast,range=10.0.0.0/8
sends a broadcast to the local network(s) using protocol 44. Accepts replies from the private
address range only.
socat - \
UDP4-DATAGRAM:224.255.0.1:6666,bind=:6666,ip-add-membership=224.255.0.1:eth0
transfers data from stdin to the specified multicast address using UDP. Both local and remote
ports are 6666. Tells the interface eth0 to also accept multicast packets of the given group.
Multiple hosts on the local network can run this command, so all data sent by any of the hosts
will be received by all the other ones. Note that there are many possible reasons for failure,
including IP-filters, routing issues, wrong interface selection by the operating system, bridges,
or a badly configured switch.
socat \
UDP:host2:4443 \
TUN:192.168.255.1/24,up
establishes one side of a virtual (but not private!) network with host2 where a similar process
might run, with UDP-L and tun address 192.168.255.2. They can reach each other using the addresses
192.168.255.1 and 192.168.255.2. Note that streaming eg.via TCP or SSL does not guarantee to
retain packet boundaries and might thus cause packet loss.
socat - \
VSOCK-CONNECT:2:1234
establishes a VSOCK connection with the host (host is always reachable with the well-know CID=2)
on 1234 port.
socat - \
VSOCK-LISTEN:1234
listens for a VSOCK connection on 1234 port.
socat - \
VSOCK-CONNECT:31:4321,bind:5555
establishes a VSOCK connection with the guest that have CID=31 on 1234 port, binding the local
socket to the 5555 port.
socat \
VSOCK-LISTEN:3333,reuseaddr,fork \
VSOCK-CONNECT:42,3333
starts a forwarder that accepts VSOCK connections on port 3333, and directs them to the guest with
CID=42 on the same port.
socat \
VSOCK-LISTEN:22,reuseaddr,fork \
TCP:localhost:22
forwards VSOCK connections from 22 port to the local SSH server. Running this in a VM allows you
to connect via SSH from the host using VSOCK, as in the example below.
socat \
TCP4-LISTEN:22222,reuseaddr,fork \
VSOCK-CONNECT:33:22
forwards TCP connections from 22222 port to the guest with CID=33 listening on VSOCK port 22.
Running this in the host, allows you to connect via SSH running "ssh -p 22222 user@localhost", if
the guest runs the example above.
socat \
PTY,link=/var/run/ppp,rawer \
INTERFACE:hdlc0
circumvents the problem that pppd requires a serial device and thus might not be able to work on a
synchronous line that is represented by a network device. socat creates a PTY to make pppd happy,
binds to the network interface hdlc0, and can transfer data between both devices. Use pppd on
device /var/run/ppp then.
socat --experimental -u \
STDIO \
POSIXMQ-SEND:/queue1,unlink-early,mq-prio=10
Writes packets read from stdio (i.e., lines of input when run interactively) into POSIX message
queue, with priority 10.
socat --experimental -u \
POSIXMQ-RECV:/queue1,fork,max-children=3 \
SYSTEM:"robot.sh"
Receives messages (packets) from POSIX message queue and, for each messages, forks a sub process
that reads and processes the message. At most 3 sub processes are allowed at the same time.
socat -T 1 -d -d \
TCP-L:10081,reuseaddr,fork,crlf \
SYSTEM:"echo -e \"\\\"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\\\nDocumentType: text/plain\\\n\\\ndate: \$\(date\)\\\nserver:\$SOCAT_SOCKADDR:\$SOCAT_SOCKPORT\\\nclient: \$SOCAT_PEERADDR:\$SOCAT_PEERPORT\\\n\\\"\"; cat; echo -e \"\\\"\\\n\\\"\""
creates a very primitive HTTP echo server: each HTTP client that connects gets a valid HTTP reply
that contains information about the client address and port as it is seen by the server host, the
host address (which might vary on multihomed servers), and the original client request.
socat -d -d \
UDP4-RECVFROM:9999,so-broadcast,so-timestamp,ip-pktinfo,ip-recverr,ip-recvopts,ip-recvtos,ip-recvttl!!- \
SYSTEM:'export; sleep 1' |
grep SOCAT
waits for an incoming UDP packet on port 9999 and prints the environment variables provided by
socat. On BSD based systems you have to replace ip-pktinfo with ip-recvdstaddr,ip-recvif.
Especially of interest is SOCAT_IP_DSTADDR: it contains the target address of the packet which may
be a unicast, multicast, or broadcast address.
echo -e "M-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1\nHOST: 239.255.255.250:1900\nMAN: \"ssdp:discover\"\nMX: 4\nST: \"ssdp:all\"\n" |
socat - \
UDP-DATAGRAM:239.255.255.250:1900,crlf
sends an SSDP (Simple Service Discovery Protocol) query to the local network and collects and
outputs the answers received.
systemd-socket-activate -l 1077 --inetd socat ACCEPT:0,fork PIPE
systemd-socket-activate is a program for testing systemd socket activation of daemons. With
--inetd it waits for a connection on the specified port. It does not accept the connection but
passes the listening file descriptor as FDs 0 and 1. Socat accepts the waiting connection and
starts data transfer.
DIAGNOSTICS
Socat uses a logging mechanism that allows filtering messages by severity. The severities provided are
more or less compatible to the appropriate syslog priority. With one or up to four occurrences of the -d
command line option, the lowest priority of messages that are issued can be selected. Each message
contains a single uppercase character specifying the messages severity (one of F, E, W, N, I, or D)
FATAL: Conditions that require unconditional and immediate program termination.
ERROR: Conditions that prevent proper program processing. Usually the program is terminated (see option
-s).
WARNING:
Something did not function correctly or is in a state where correct further processing cannot be
guaranteed, but might be possible.
NOTICE:
Interesting actions of the program, e.g. for supervising socat in some kind of server mode.
INFO: Description of what the program does, and maybe why it happens. Allows monitoring the lifecycles
of file descriptors.
DEBUG: Description of how the program works, all system or library calls and their results.
Log messages can be written to stderr, to a file, or to syslog.
On exit, socat gives status 0 if it terminated due to EOF or inactivity timeout, with a positive value on
error, and with a negative value on fatal error.
FILES
/usr/bin/socat
/usr/bin/filan
/usr/bin/procan
SIGNALS
SIGUSR1:
Causes logging of current transfer statistics.
See also option --statistics
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
Input variables carry information from the environment to socat, output variables are set by socat for
use in executed scripts and programs.
In the output variables beginning with "SOCAT" this prefix is actually replaced by the upper case name of
the executable or the value of option -lp.
SOCAT_DEFAULT_LISTEN_IP (input)
(Values 4 or 6) Sets the IP version to be used for listen, recv, and recvfrom addresses if no pf
(protocol-family) option is given. Is overridden by socat options -4 or -6.
SOCAT_PREFERRED_RESOLVE_IP (input)
(Values 0, 4, or 6) Sets the IP version to be used when resolving target host names when version
is not specified by address type, option pf (protocol-family), or address format. If name
resolution does not return a matching entry, the first result (with differing IP version) is
taken. With value 0, socat always selects the first record and its IP version.
SOCAT_MAIN_WAIT (input)
Specifies the time (seconds) to sleep the main process on begin of main\(). Useful for debugging.
SOCAT_TRANSFER_WAIT (input)
Specifies the time (seconds) to sleep the process after opening addresses before entering the
transfer loop. Useful for debugging.
SOCAT_FORK_WAIT (input)
Specifies the time (seconds) to sleep the parent and child processes after successful fork().
Useful for debugging.
SOCAT_VERSION (output)
Socat sets this variable to its version string, e.g. "1.7.0.0" for released versions or e.g.
"1.6.0.1+envvar" for temporary versions; can be used in scripts invoked by socat.
SOCAT_PID (output)
Socat sets this variable to its process id. In case of fork address option, SOCAT_PID gets the
child processes id. Forking for exec, system, and SHELL does not change SOCAT_PID.
SOCAT_PPID (output)
Socat sets this variable to its process id. In case of fork, SOCAT_PPID keeps the pid of the
master process.
SOCAT_PEERADDR (output)
With passive socket addresses (all LISTEN and RECVFROM addresses), this variable is set to a
string describing the peers socket address. Port information is not included.
SOCAT_PEERPORT (output)
With appropriate passive socket addresses (TCP, UDP, and SCTP - LISTEN and RECVFROM), this
variable is set to a string containing the number of the peer port.
SOCAT_SOCKADDR (output)
With all LISTEN addresses, this variable is set to a string describing the local socket address.
Port information is not included example
SOCAT_SOCKPORT (output)
With TCP-LISTEN, UDP-LISTEN, and SCTP-LISTEN addresses, this variable is set to the local port.
SOCAT_TIMESTAMP (output)
With all RECVFROM addresses where address option so-timestamp is applied, socat sets this variable
to the resulting timestamp.
SOCAT_IP_OPTIONS (output)
With all IPv4 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ip-recvopts is applied, socat fills
this variable with the IP options of the received packet.
SOCAT_IP_DSTADDR (output)
With all IPv4 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ip-recvdstaddr (BSD) or ip-pktinfo
(other platforms) is applied, socat sets this variable to the destination address of the received
packet. This is particularly useful to identify broadcast and multicast addressed packets.
SOCAT_IP_IF (output)
With all IPv4 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ip-recvif (BSD) or ip-pktinfo (other
platforms) is applied, socat sets this variable to the name of the interface where the packet was
received.
SOCAT_IP_LOCADDR (output)
With all IPv4 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ip-pktinfo is applied, socat sets this
variable to the address of the interface where the packet was received.
SOCAT_IP_TOS (output)
With all IPv4 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ip-recvtos is applied, socat sets this
variable to the TOS (type of service) of the received packet.
SOCAT_IP_TTL (output)
With all IPv4 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ip-recvttl is applied, socat sets this
variable to the TTL (time to live) of the received packet.
SOCAT_IPV6_HOPLIMIT (output)
With all IPv6 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ipv6-recvhoplimit is applied, socat
sets this variable to the hoplimit value of the received packet.
SOCAT_IPV6_DSTADDR (output)
With all IPv6 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ipv6-recvpktinfo is applied, socat
sets this variable to the destination address of the received packet.
SOCAT_IPV6_TCLASS (output)
With all IPv6 based RECVFROM addresses where address option ipv6-recvtclass is applied, socat sets
this variable to the transfer class of the received packet.
SOCAT_OPENSSL_X509_ISSUER (output)
Issuer field from peer certificate
SOCAT_OPENSSL_X509_SUBJECT (output)
Subject field from peer certificate
SOCAT_OPENSSL_X509_COMMONNAME (output)
commonName entries from peer certificates subject. Multiple values are separated by " // ".
SOCAT_OPENSSL_X509_* (output)
all other entries from peer certificates subject
SOCAT_OPENSSL_X509V3_DNS (output)
DNS entries from peer certificates extensions - subjectAltName field. Multiple values are
separated by " // ".
HOSTNAME (input)
Is used to determine the hostname for logging (see -lh).
LOGNAME (input)
Is used as name for the socks client user name if no socksuser is given.
With options su and su-d, LOGNAME is set to the given user name.
USER (input)
Is used as name for the socks client user name if no socksuser is given and LOGNAME is empty.
With options su and su-d, USER is set to the given user name.
SHELL (output)
With options su and su-d, SHELL is set to the login shell of the given user.
PATH (output)
Can be set with option path for exec, system, and SHELL addresses.
HOME (output)
With options su and su-d, HOME is set to the home directory of the given user.
CREDITS
The work of the following groups and organizations was invaluable for this project:
The FSF (GNU, http://www.fsf.org/) project with their free and portable development software and lots of
other useful tools and libraries.
The Linux developers community (http://www.linux.org/) for providing a free, open source operating
system.
The Open Group (http://www.unix-systems.org/) for making their standard specifications available on the
Internet for free.
VERSION
This man page describes version 1.8.0 of socat.
BUGS
Addresses cannot be nested, so a single socat process cannot, e.g., drive ssl over socks.
Address option ftruncate without value uses default 1 instead of 0.
Verbose modes (-x and/or -v) display line termination characters inconsistently when address options cr
or crnl are used: They show the data after conversion in either direction.
The licenses of OpenSSL and GNU Readline are incompatible. Therefore readline support is disabled in
Debian.
Send bug reports to <socat@dest-unreach.org>
SEE ALSO
nc(1), rinetd(8), openssl(1), stunnel(8), rlwrap(1), setsid(1)
Socat home page http://www.dest-unreach.org/socat/
AUTHOR
Gerhard Rieger <rieger@dest-unreach.org> and contributors
socat(1)