Ubuntu Manpage: buildah-commit - Create an image from a working container.

Provided by: buildah_1.33.7+ds1-1ubuntu0.24.04.3_amd64

NAME

       buildah-commit - Create an image from a working container.

SYNOPSIS

       buildah commit [options] container [image]

DESCRIPTION

       Writes  a  new image using the specified container's read-write layer and if it is based on an image, the
       layers of that image.  If image does not begin with a registry name component, localhost will be added to
       the name.  If image is not provided, the image will have no name.  When an image has no name, the buildah
       images command will display <none> in the REPOSITORY and TAG columns.

RETURN VALUE

       The image ID of the image that was created.  On error, 1 is returned and errno is returned.

OPTIONS

--authfile path

Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_\RUNTIME_DIR}/containers/auth.json. If XDG_RUNTIME_DIR
is not set, the default is /run/containers/$UID/auth.json. This file is created using buildah login.

If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using
docker login.

Note: You can also override the default path of the authentication file by setting the REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE
environment variable. export REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=path

--cert-dir path

Use certificates at path (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the registry. The default certificates
directory is /etc/containers/certs.d.

--change, -c "INSTRUCTION"

Apply the change to the committed image that would have been made if it had been built using a
Containerfile which included the specified instruction. This option can be specified multiple times.

--config filename

Read a JSON-encoded version of an image configuration object from the specified file, and merge the
values from it with the configuration of the image being committed.

--creds creds

The [username[:password]] to use to authenticate with the registry if required. If one or both values
are not supplied, a command line prompt will appear and the value can be entered. The password is
entered without echo.

--cw options

Produce an image suitable for use as a confidential workload running in a trusted execution environment
(TEE) using krun (i.e., crun built with the libkrun feature enabled and invoked as krun). Instead of the
conventional contents, the root filesystem of the image will contain an encrypted disk image and
configuration information for krun.

The value for options is a comma-separated list of key=value pairs, supplying configuration information
which is needed for producing the additional data which will be included in the container image.

Recognized keys are:

attestation_url: The location of a key broker / attestation server. If a value is specified, the new
image's workload ID, along with the passphrase used to encrypt the disk image, will be registered with
the server, and the server's location will be stored in the container image. At run-time, krun is
expected to contact the server to retrieve the passphrase using the workload ID, which is also stored in
the container image. If no value is specified, a passphrase value must be specified.

cpus: The number of virtual CPUs which the image expects to be run with at run-time. If not specified, a
default value will be supplied.

firmware_library: The location of the libkrunfw-sev shared library. If not specified, buildah checks for
its presence in a number of hard-coded locations.

memory: The amount of memory which the image expects to be run with at run-time, as a number of
megabytes. If not specified, a default value will be supplied.

passphrase: The passphrase to use to encrypt the disk image which will be included in the container
image. If no value is specified, but an attestation_url value is specified, a randomly-generated
passphrase will be used. The authors recommend setting an attestation_url but not a passphrase.

slop: Extra space to allocate for the disk image compared to the size of the container image's contents,
expressed either as a percentage (..%) or a size value (bytes, or larger units if suffixes like KB or MB
are present), or a sum of two or more such specifications separated by "+". If not specified, buildah
guesses that 25% more space than the contents will be enough, but this option is provided in case its
guess is wrong. If the specified or computed size is less than 10 megabytes, it will be increased to 10
megabytes.

type: The type of trusted execution environment (TEE) which the image should be marked for use with.
Accepted values are "SEV" (AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization - Encrypted State) and "SNP" (AMD Secure
Encrypted Virtualization - Secure Nested Paging). If not specified, defaults to "SNP".

workload_id: A workload identifier which will be recorded in the container image, to be used at run-time
for retrieving the passphrase which was used to encrypt the disk image. If not specified, a semi-random
value will be derived from the base image's image ID.

--disable-compression, -D

Don't compress filesystem layers when building the image unless it is required by the location where the
image is being written. This is the default setting, because image layers are compressed automatically
when they are pushed to registries, and images being written to local storage would only need to be
decompressed again to be stored. Compression can be forced in all cases by specifying --disable-
compression=false.

--encrypt-layer layer(s)

Layer(s) to encrypt: 0-indexed layer indices with support for negative indexing (e.g. 0 is the first
layer, -1 is the last layer). If not defined, will encrypt all layers if encryption-key flag is
specified.

--encryption-key key

The [protocol:keyfile] specifies the encryption protocol, which can be JWE (RFC7516), PGP (RFC4880), and
PKCS7 (RFC2315) and the key material required for image encryption. For instance, jwe:/path/to/key.pem or
pgp:admin@example.com or pkcs7:/path/to/x509-file.

--format, -f [oci | docker]

Control the format for the image manifest and configuration data. Recognized formats include oci (OCI
image-spec v1.0, the default) and docker (version 2, using schema format 2 for the manifest).

Note: You can also override the default format by setting the BUILDAH_FORMAT environment variable.
export BUILDAH\_FORMAT=docker

--identity-label bool-value

Adds default identity label io.buildah.version if set. (default true).

--iidfile ImageIDfile

Write the image ID to the file.

--manifest "listName"

Name of the manifest list to which the built image will be added. Creates the manifest list if it does
not exist. This option is useful for building multi architecture images.

--omit-history bool-value

Omit build history information in the built image. (default false).

This option is useful for the cases where end users explicitly want to set --omit-history to omit the
optional History from built images or when working with images built using build tools that do not
include History information in their images.

--quiet, -q

When writing the output image, suppress progress output.

--rm Remove the working container and its contents after creating the image. Default leaves the
container and its content in place.

--sign-by fingerprint

Sign the new image using the GPG key that matches the specified fingerprint.

--squash

Squash all of the new image's layers (including those inherited from a base image) into a single new
layer.

--timestamp seconds

Set the create timestamp to seconds since epoch to allow for deterministic builds (defaults to current
time). By default, the created timestamp is changed and written into the image manifest with every
commit, causing the image's sha256 hash to be different even if the sources are exactly the same
otherwise. When --timestamp is set, the created timestamp is always set to the time specified and
therefore not changed, allowing the image's sha256 to remain the same. All files committed to the layers
of the image will be created with the timestamp.

--tls-verify bool-value

Require HTTPS and verification of certificates when talking to container registries (defaults to true).
TLS verification cannot be used when talking to an insecure registry.

--unsetenv env

Unset environment variables from the final image.

EXAMPLE

       This example saves an image based on the container.
        buildah commit containerID newImageName

       This example saves an image named newImageName based on the container.
        buildah commit --rm containerID newImageName

       This example saves an image with no name, removes the working container,  and  creates  a  new  container
       using the image's ID.
        buildah from $(buildah commit --rm containerID)

       This example saves an image based on the container disabling compression.
        buildah commit --disable-compression containerID

       This example saves an image named newImageName based on the container disabling compression.
        buildah commit --disable-compression containerID newImageName

       This example commits the container to the image on the local registry while turning off tls verification.
        buildah commit --tls-verify=false containerID docker://localhost:5000/imageId

       This  example commits the container to the image on the local registry using credentials and certificates
       for authentication.
        buildah   commit   --cert-dir   ~/auth     --tls-verify=true    --creds=username:password    containerID
       docker://localhost:5000/imageId

       This  example  commits  the  container  to  the  image  on  the local registry using credentials from the
       /tmp/auths/myauths.json file and certificates for authentication.
        buildah    commit    --authfile    /tmp/auths/myauths.json    --cert-dir    ~/auth     --tls-verify=true
       --creds=username:password containerID docker://localhost:5000/imageName

       This example saves an image based on the container, but stores dates based on epoch time.  buildah commit
       --timestamp=0 containerID newImageName

   Building an multi-architecture image using the --manifest option (requires emulation software)
       #!/bin/sh
       build() {
            ctr=$(./bin/buildah from --arch $1 ubi8)
            ./bin/buildah run $ctr dnf install -y iputils
            ./bin/buildah commit --manifest ubi8ping $ctr
       }
       build arm
       build amd64
       build s390x

ENVIRONMENT

       BUILD_REGISTRY_SOURCES

       BUILD_REGISTRY_SOURCES,  if set, is treated as a JSON object which contains lists of registry names under
       the keys insecureRegistries, blockedRegistries, and allowedRegistries.

       When committing an image, if the image is to be given a name, the portion of the name that corresponds to
       a registry is compared to the items in the blockedRegistries list, and if it matches  any  of  them,  the
       commit  attempt is denied.  If there are registries in the allowedRegistries list, and the portion of the
       name that corresponds to the registry is not in the list, the commit attempt is denied.

       TMPDIR The TMPDIR environment variable allows the user to specify where temporary files are stored  while
       pulling and pushing images.  Defaults to '/var/tmp'.

FILES

       registries.conf (/etc/containers/registries.conf)

       registries.conf  is the configuration file which specifies which container registries should be consulted
       when completing image names which do not include a registry or domain portion.

       policy.json (/etc/containers/policy.json)

       Signature policy file.  This defines the trust policy for container  images.   Controls  which  container
       registries can be used for image, and whether or not the tool should trust the images.