Provided by: iproute2_6.14.0-1ubuntu1_amd64 
NAME
ip-link - network device configuration
SYNOPSIS
ip link { COMMAND | help }
ip link add [ link DEVICE ] [ name ] NAME
[ txqueuelen PACKETS ]
[ address LLADDR ] [ broadcast LLADDR ]
[ mtu MTU ] [ index IDX ]
[ numtxqueues QUEUE_COUNT ] [ numrxqueues QUEUE_COUNT ]
[ gso_max_size BYTES ] [ gso_ipv4_max_size BYTES ] [ gso_max_segs SEGMENTS ]
[ gro_max_size BYTES ] [ gro_ipv4_max_size BYTES ]
[ netns { PID | NETNSNAME | NETNSFILE } ]
type TYPE [ ARGS ]
ip link delete { DEVICE | group GROUP } type TYPE [ ARGS ]
ip link { set | change } { DEVICE | group GROUP }
[ { up | down } ]
[ type ETYPE TYPE_ARGS ]
[ arp { on | off } ]
[ dynamic { on | off } ]
[ multicast { on | off } ]
[ allmulticast { on | off } ]
[ promisc { on | off } ]
[ protodown { on | off } ]
[ protodown_reason PREASON { on | off } ]
[ trailers { on | off } ]
[ txqueuelen PACKETS ]
[ gso_max_size BYTES ] [ gso_ipv4_max_size BYTES ] [ gso_max_segs SEGMENTS ]
[ gro_max_size BYTES ] [ gro_ipv4_max_size BYTES ]
[ name NEWNAME ]
[ address LLADDR ]
[ broadcast LLADDR ]
[ mtu MTU ]
[ netns { PID | NETNSNAME | NETNSFILE } ]
[ link-netnsid ID ]
[ alias NAME ]
[ vf NUM [ mac LLADDR ]
[ VFVLAN-LIST ]
[ rate TXRATE ]
[ max_tx_rate TXRATE ]
[ min_tx_rate TXRATE ]
[ spoofchk { on | off } ]
[ query_rss { on | off } ]
[ state { auto | enable | disable } ]
[ trust { on | off } ]
[ node_guid eui64 ]
[ port_guid eui64 ] ]
[ { xdp | xdpgeneric | xdpdrv | xdpoffload } { off |
object FILE [ { section | program } NAME ] [ verbose ] |
pinned FILE } ]
[ master DEVICE ]
[ nomaster ]
[ vrf NAME ]
[ addrgenmode { eui64 | none | stable_secret | random } ]
[ macaddr [ MACADDR ]
[ { flush | add | del } MACADDR ]
[ set MACADDR ] ]
ip link show [ DEVICE | group GROUP ] [ { up | down } ] [ master DEVICE ] [ type ETYPE ] [ vrf
NAME ] [ nomaster ] [ novf ]
ip link xstats type TYPE [ ARGS ]
ip link afstats [ dev DEVICE ]
ip link help [ TYPE ]
TYPE := [ amt | bareudp | bond | bridge | can | dsa | dummy | erspan | geneve | gre | gretap |
gtp | hsr | ifb | ip6erspan | ip6gre | ip6gretap | ip6tnl | ipip | ipoib | ipvlan |
ipvtap | lowpan | macsec | macvlan | macvtap | netdevsim | netkit | nlmon | pfcp |
rmnet | sit | vcan | veth | virt_wifi | vlan | vrf | vti | vxcan | vxlan | xfrm ]
ETYPE := [ TYPE | bridge_slave | bond_slave ]
VFVLAN-LIST := [ VFVLAN-LIST ] VFVLAN
VFVLAN := [ vlan VLANID [ qos VLAN-QOS ] [ proto VLAN-PROTO ] ]
ip link property add dev DEVICE [ altname NAME .. ]
ip link property del dev DEVICE [ altname NAME .. ]
DESCRIPTION
ip link add - add virtual link
link DEVICE
specifies the physical device to act operate on.
NAME specifies the name of the new virtual device.
TYPE specifies the type of the new device.
Link types:
amt - Automatic Multicast Tunneling (AMT)
bareudp - Bare UDP L3 encapsulation support
bond - Bonding device
bridge - Ethernet Bridge device
can - Controller Area Network
dsa - Distributed Switch Architecture
dummy - Dummy network interface
erspan - Encapsulated Remote SPAN over GRE and IPv4
geneve - GEneric NEtwork Virtualization Encapsulation
gre - Virtual tunnel interface GRE over IPv4
gretap - Virtual L2 tunnel interface GRE over IPv4
gtp - GPRS Tunneling Protocol
hsr - High-availability Seamless Redundancy device
ifb - Intermediate Functional Block device
ip6erspan - Encapsulated Remote SPAN over GRE and IPv6
ip6gre - Virtual tunnel interface GRE over IPv6
ip6gretap - Virtual L2 tunnel interface GRE over IPv6
ip6tnl - Virtual tunnel interface IPv4|IPv6 over IPv6
ipip - Virtual tunnel interface IPv4 over IPv4
ipoib - IP over Infiniband device
ipvlan - Interface for L3 (IPv6/IPv4) based VLANs
ipvtap - Interface for L3 (IPv6/IPv4) based VLANs and TAP
lowpan - Interface for 6LoWPAN (IPv6) over IEEE 802.15.4 / Bluetooth
macsec - Interface for IEEE 802.1AE MAC Security (MACsec)
macvlan - Virtual interface base on link layer address (MAC)
macvtap - Virtual interface based on link layer address (MAC) and TAP.
netdevsim - Interface for netdev API tests
netkit - BPF-programmable network device
nlmon - Netlink monitoring device
pfcp - Packet Forwarding Control Protocol device
rmnet - Qualcomm rmnet device
sit - Virtual tunnel interface IPv6 over IPv4
vcan - Virtual Controller Area Network interface
veth - Virtual ethernet interface
virt_wifi - rtnetlink wifi simulation device
vlan - 802.1q tagged virtual LAN interface
vrf - Interface for L3 VRF domains
vti - Virtual tunnel interface
vxcan - Virtual Controller Area Network tunnel interface
vxlan - Virtual eXtended LAN
xfrm - Virtual xfrm interface
numtxqueues QUEUE_COUNT
specifies the number of transmit queues for new device.
numrxqueues QUEUE_COUNT
specifies the number of receive queues for new device.
gso_max_size BYTES
specifies the recommended maximum size of a Generic Segment Offload packet the new device should
accept. This is also used to enable BIG TCP for IPv6 on this device when the size is greater than
65536.
gso_ipv4_max_size BYTES
specifies the recommended maximum size of a IPv4 Generic Segment Offload packet the new device
should accept. This is especially used to enable BIG TCP for IPv4 on this device by setting to a
size greater than 65536. Note that gso_max_size needs to be set to a size greater than or equal
to gso_ipv4_max_size to really enable BIG TCP for IPv4.
gso_max_segs SEGMENTS
specifies the recommended maximum number of a Generic Segment Offload segments the new device
should accept.
gro_max_size BYTES
specifies the maximum size of a packet built by GRO stack on this device. This is also used for
BIG TCP to allow the size of a merged IPv6 GSO packet on this device greater than 65536.
gro_ipv4_max_size BYTES
specifies the maximum size of a IPv4 packet built by GRO stack on this device. This is especially
used for BIG TCP to allow the size of a merged IPv4 GSO packet on this device greater than 65536.
index IDX
specifies the desired index of the new virtual device. The link creation fails, if the index is
busy.
netns { PID | NETNSNAME | NETNSFILE }
create the device in the network namespace associated with process PID or the name NETNSNAME or
the file NETNSFILE.
VLAN Type Support
For a link of type VLAN the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type vlan [ protocol VLAN_PROTO ] id VLANID [ reorder_hdr { on |
off } ] [ gvrp { on | off } ] [ mvrp { on | off } ] [ loose_binding { on | off } ] [
bridge_binding { on | off } ] [ ingress-qos-map QOS-MAP ] [ egress-qos-map QOS-MAP ]
protocol VLAN_PROTO - either 802.1Q or 802.1ad.
id VLANID - specifies the VLAN Identifier to use. Note that numbers with a leading " 0 "
or " 0x " are interpreted as octal or hexadecimal, respectively.
reorder_hdr { on | off } - specifies whether ethernet headers are reordered or not
(default is on).
If reorder_hdr is on then VLAN header will be not inserted immediately but only before
passing to the physical device (if this device does not support VLAN offloading), the
similar on the RX direction - by default the packet will be untagged before being
received by VLAN device. Reordering allows one to accelerate tagging on egress and to
hide VLAN header on ingress so the packet looks like regular Ethernet packet, at the
same time it might be confusing for packet capture as the VLAN header does not exist
within the packet.
VLAN offloading can be checked by ethtool(8):
ethtool -k <phy_dev> | grep tx-vlan-offload
where <phy_dev> is the physical device to which VLAN device is bound.
gvrp { on | off } - specifies whether this VLAN should be registered using GARP VLAN
Registration Protocol.
mvrp { on | off } - specifies whether this VLAN should be registered using Multiple VLAN
Registration Protocol.
loose_binding { on | off } - specifies whether the VLAN device state is bound to the
physical device state.
bridge_binding { on | off } - specifies whether the VLAN device link state tracks the
state of bridge ports that are members of the VLAN.
ingress-qos-map QOS-MAP - defines a mapping of VLAN header prio field to the Linux
internal packet priority on incoming frames. The format is FROM:TO with multiple mappings
separated by spaces.
egress-qos-map QOS-MAP - defines a mapping of Linux internal packet priority to VLAN
header prio field but for outgoing frames. The format is the same as for ingress-qos-map.
Linux packet priority can be set by iptables(8):
iptables -t mangle -A POSTROUTING [...] -j CLASSIFY --set-class 0:4
and this "4" priority can be used in the egress qos mapping to set VLAN prio "5":
ip link set veth0.10 type vlan egress 4:5
VXLAN Type Support
For a link of type VXLAN the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type vxlan id VNI [ dev PHYS_DEV ] [ { group | remote } IPADDR ] [ local {
IPADDR | any } ] [ ttl TTL ] [ tos TOS ] [ df DF ] [ flowlabel FLOWLABEL ] [ dstport PORT ] [
srcport MIN MAX ] [ reserved_bits VALUE ] [ [no]learning ] [ [no]proxy ] [ [no]rsc ] [ [no]l2miss
] [ [no]l3miss ] [ [no]udpcsum ] [ [no]udp6zerocsumtx ] [ [no]udp6zerocsumrx ] [ [no]localbypass ]
[ ageing SECONDS ] [ maxaddress NUMBER ] [ [no]external ] [ gbp ] [ gpe ] [ [no]vnifilter ]
id VNI - specifies the VXLAN Network Identifier (or VXLAN Segment Identifier) to use.
dev PHYS_DEV - specifies the physical device to use for tunnel endpoint communication.
group IPADDR - specifies the multicast IP address to join. This parameter cannot be
specified with the remote parameter.
remote IPADDR - specifies the unicast destination IP address to use in outgoing packets
when the destination link layer address is not known in the VXLAN device forwarding
database. This parameter cannot be specified with the group parameter.
local IPADDR - specifies the source IP address to use in outgoing packets.
ttl TTL - specifies the TTL value to use in outgoing packets.
tos TOS - specifies the TOS value to use in outgoing packets.
df DF - specifies the usage of the Don't Fragment flag (DF) bit in outgoing packets with
IPv4 headers. The value inherit causes the bit to be copied from the original IP header.
The values unset and set cause the bit to be always unset or always set, respectively. By
default, the bit is not set.
flowlabel FLOWLABEL - specifies the flow label to use in outgoing packets.
dstport PORT - specifies the UDP destination port to communicate to the remote
VXLAN tunnel endpoint.
srcport MIN MAX - specifies the range of port numbers to use as UDP source ports to
communicate to the remote VXLAN tunnel endpoint.
reserved_bits VALUE - by default the kernel rejects packets that have bits set outside of
the fields required by the features enabled on the VXLAN netdevice. reserved_bits is a
64-bit quantity specifying which bits it should be possible to set in a VXLAN header. Each
bit set in the value is a tolerated bit set in a packet.
[no]learning - specifies if unknown source link layer addresses and IP addresses are
entered into the VXLAN device forwarding database.
[no]rsc - specifies if route short circuit is turned on.
[no]proxy - specifies ARP proxy is turned on.
[no]l2miss - specifies if netlink LLADDR miss notifications are generated.
[no]l3miss - specifies if netlink IP ADDR miss notifications are generated.
[no]udpcsum - specifies if UDP checksum is calculated for transmitted packets over IPv4.
[no]udp6zerocsumtx - skip UDP checksum calculation for transmitted packets over IPv6.
[no]udp6zerocsumrx - allow incoming UDP packets over IPv6 with zero checksum field.
[no]localbypass - if FDB destination is local, with nolocalbypass set, forward
encapsulated packets to the userspace network stack. If there is a userspace process
listening for these packets, it will have a chance to process them. If localbypass is
active (default), bypass the kernel network stack and inject the packets into the target
VXLAN device, assuming one exists.
ageing SECONDS - specifies the lifetime in seconds of FDB entries learnt by the kernel.
maxaddress NUMBER - specifies the maximum number of FDB entries.
[no]external - specifies whether an external control plane (e.g. ip route encap) or the
internal FDB should be used.
[no]vnifilter - specifies whether the vxlan device is capable of vni filtering. Only works
with a vxlan device with external flag set. once enabled, bridge vni command is used to
manage the vni filtering table on the device. The device can only receive packets with
vni's configured in the vni filtering table.
gbp - enables the Group Policy extension (VXLAN-GBP).
Allows one to transport group policy context across VXLAN network peers. If enabled,
includes the mark of a packet in the VXLAN header for outgoing packets and fills the
packet mark based on the information found in the VXLAN header for incoming packets.
Format of upper 16 bits of packet mark (flags);
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|D|-|-|A|-|-|-|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
D := Don't Learn bit. When set, this bit indicates that the egress VTEP MUST NOT
learn the source address of the encapsulated frame.
A := Indicates that the group policy has already been applied to this packet.
Policies MUST NOT be applied by devices when the A bit is set.
Format of lower 16 bits of packet mark (policy ID):
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Group Policy ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Example:
iptables -A OUTPUT [...] -j MARK --set-mark 0x800FF
gpe - enables the Generic Protocol extension (VXLAN-GPE). Currently, this is only
supported together with the external keyword.
VETH, VXCAN Type Support
For a link of types VETH/VXCAN the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type { veth | vxcan } [ peer name NAME ]
peer name NAME - specifies the virtual pair device name of the VETH/VXCAN tunnel.
netkit Type Support
For a link of type netkit the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type netkit [ mode MODE ] [ POLICY ] [ peer [ POLICY ] [ NAME ] ]
mode MODE - specifies the operation mode of the netkit device with "l3" and "l2" as
possible values. Default option is "l3".
POLICY - specifies the default device policy when no BPF programs are attached with
"forward" and "blackhole" as possible values. Default option is "forward". Specifying
policy before the peer option refers to the primary device, after the peer option refers
to the peer device.
NAME - specifies the device name of the peer device.
IPIP, SIT Type Support
For a link of type IPIPorSIT the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type { ipip | sit } remote ADDR local ADDR [ encap { fou | gue | none } ] [
encap-sport { PORT | auto } ] [ encap-dport PORT ] [ [no]encap-csum ] [ [no]encap-remcsum ] [
mode { ip6ip | ipip | mplsip | any } ] [ external ]
remote ADDR - specifies the remote address of the tunnel.
local ADDR - specifies the fixed local address for tunneled packets. It must be an
address on another interface on this host.
encap { fou | gue | none } - specifies type of secondary UDP encapsulation. "fou"
indicates Foo-Over-UDP, "gue" indicates Generic UDP Encapsulation.
encap-sport { PORT | auto } - specifies the source port in UDP encapsulation. PORT
indicates the port by number, "auto" indicates that the port number should be chosen
automatically (the kernel picks a flow based on the flow hash of the encapsulated packet).
[no]encap-csum - specifies if UDP checksums are enabled in the secondary encapsulation.
[no]encap-remcsum - specifies if Remote Checksum Offload is enabled. This is only
applicable for Generic UDP Encapsulation.
mode { ip6ip | ipip | mplsip | any } - specifies mode in which device should run. "ip6ip"
indicates IPv6-Over-IPv4, "ipip" indicates "IPv4-Over-IPv4", "mplsip" indicates MPLS-Over-
IPv4, "any" indicates IPv6, IPv4 or MPLS Over IPv4. Supported for SIT where the default is
"ip6ip" and IPIP where the default is "ipip". IPv6-Over-IPv4 is not supported for IPIP.
external - make this tunnel externally controlled (e.g. ip route encap).
GRE Type Support
For a link of type GRE or GRETAP the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type { gre | gretap } remote ADDR local ADDR [ [no][i|o]seq ] [ [i|o]key KEY |
no[i|o]key ] [ [no][i|o]csum ] [ ttl TTL ] [ tos TOS ] [ [no]pmtudisc ] [ [no]ignore-df ] [ dev
PHYS_DEV ] [ encap { fou | gue | none } ] [ encap-sport { PORT | auto } ] [ encap-dport PORT ] [
[no]encap-csum ] [ [no]encap-remcsum ] [ external ]
remote ADDR - specifies the remote address of the tunnel.
local ADDR - specifies the fixed local address for tunneled packets. It must be an
address on another interface on this host.
[no][i|o]seq - serialize packets. The oseq flag enables sequencing of outgoing packets.
The iseq flag requires that all input packets are serialized.
[i|o]key KEY | no[i|o]key - use keyed GRE with key KEY. KEY is either a number or an IPv4
address-like dotted quad. The key parameter specifies the same key to use in both
directions. The ikey and okey parameters specify different keys for input and output.
[no][i|o]csum - generate/require checksums for tunneled packets. The ocsum flag
calculates checksums for outgoing packets. The icsum flag requires that all input packets
have the correct checksum. The csum flag is equivalent to the combination icsum ocsum .
ttl TTL - specifies the TTL value to use in outgoing packets.
tos TOS - specifies the TOS value to use in outgoing packets.
[no]pmtudisc - enables/disables Path MTU Discovery on this tunnel. It is enabled by
default. Note that a fixed ttl is incompatible with this option: tunneling with a fixed
ttl always makes pmtu discovery.
[no]ignore-df - enables/disables IPv4 DF suppression on this tunnel. Normally datagrams
that exceed the MTU will be fragmented; the presence of the DF flag inhibits this,
resulting instead in an ICMP Unreachable (Fragmentation Required) message. Enabling this
attribute causes the DF flag to be ignored.
dev PHYS_DEV - specifies the physical device to use for tunnel endpoint communication.
encap { fou | gue | none } - specifies type of secondary UDP encapsulation. "fou"
indicates Foo-Over-UDP, "gue" indicates Generic UDP Encapsulation.
encap-sport { PORT | auto } - specifies the source port in UDP encapsulation. PORT
indicates the port by number, "auto" indicates that the port number should be chosen
automatically (the kernel picks a flow based on the flow hash of the encapsulated packet).
[no]encap-csum - specifies if UDP checksums are enabled in the secondary encapsulation.
[no]encap-remcsum - specifies if Remote Checksum Offload is enabled. This is only
applicable for Generic UDP Encapsulation.
external - make this tunnel externally controlled (e.g. ip route encap).
IP6GRE/IP6GRETAP Type Support
For a link of type IP6GRE/IP6GRETAP the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type { ip6gre | ip6gretap } remote ADDR local ADDR [ [no][i|o]seq ] [ [i|o]key
KEY | no[i|o]key ] [ [no][i|o]csum ] [ hoplimit TTL ] [ encaplimit ELIM ] [ tclass TCLASS ] [
flowlabel FLOWLABEL ] [ dscp inherit ] [ [no]allow-localremote ] [ dev PHYS_DEV ] [ external ]
remote ADDR - specifies the remote IPv6 address of the tunnel.
local ADDR - specifies the fixed local IPv6 address for tunneled packets. It must be an
address on another interface on this host.
[no][i|o]seq - serialize packets. The oseq flag enables sequencing of outgoing packets.
The iseq flag requires that all input packets are serialized.
[i|o]key KEY | no[i|o]key - use keyed GRE with key KEY. KEY is either a number or an IPv4
address-like dotted quad. The key parameter specifies the same key to use in both
directions. The ikey and okey parameters specify different keys for input and output.
[no][i|o]csum - generate/require checksums for tunneled packets. The ocsum flag
calculates checksums for outgoing packets. The icsum flag requires that all input packets
have the correct checksum. The csum flag is equivalent to the combination icsum ocsum.
hoplimit TTL - specifies Hop Limit value to use in outgoing packets.
encaplimit ELIM - specifies a fixed encapsulation limit. Default is 4.
flowlabel FLOWLABEL - specifies a fixed flowlabel.
[no]allow-localremote - specifies whether to allow remote endpoint to have an address
configured on local host.
tclass TCLASS - specifies the traffic class field on tunneled packets, which can be
specified as either a two-digit hex value (e.g. c0) or a predefined string (e.g.
internet). The value inherit causes the field to be copied from the original IP header.
The values inherit/STRING or inherit/00..ff will set the field to STRING or 00..ff when
tunneling non-IP packets. The default value is 00.
external - make this tunnel externally controlled (or not, which is the default). In the
kernel, this is referred to as collect metadata mode. This flag is mutually exclusive
with the remote, local, seq, key, csum, hoplimit, encaplimit, flowlabel and tclass
options.
IPoIB Type Support
For a link of type IPoIB the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE name NAME type ipoib [ pkey PKEY ] [ mode MODE ]
pkey PKEY - specifies the IB P-Key to use.
mode MODE - specifies the mode (datagram or connected) to use.
ERSPAN Type Support
For a link of type ERSPAN/IP6ERSPAN the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type { erspan | ip6erspan } remote ADDR local ADDR seq key KEY erspan_ver
version [ erspan IDX ] [ erspan_dir { ingress | egress } ] [ erspan_hwid hwid ] [ [no]allow-
localremote ] [ external ]
remote ADDR - specifies the remote address of the tunnel.
local ADDR - specifies the fixed local address for tunneled packets. It must be an
address on another interface on this host.
erspan_ver version - specifies the ERSPAN version number. version indicates the ERSPAN
version to be created: 0 for version 0 type I, 1 for version 1 (type II) or 2 for version
2 (type III).
erspan IDX - specifies the ERSPAN v1 index field. IDX indicates a 20 bit index/port
number associated with the ERSPAN traffic's source port and direction.
erspan_dir { ingress | egress } - specifies the ERSPAN v2 mirrored traffic's direction.
erspan_hwid hwid - an unique identifier of an ERSPAN v2 engine within a system. hwid is a
6-bit value for users to configure.
[no]allow-localremote - specifies whether to allow remote endpoint to have an address
configured on local host.
external - make this tunnel externally controlled (or not, which is the default). In the
kernel, this is referred to as collect metadata mode. This flag is mutually exclusive
with the remote, local, erspan_ver, erspan, erspan_dir and erspan_hwid options.
GENEVE Type Support
For a link of type GENEVE the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type geneve id VNI remote IPADDR [ ttl TTL ] [ tos TOS ] [ df DF ] [ flowlabel
FLOWLABEL ] [ dstport PORT ] [ [no]external ] [ [no]udpcsum ] [ [no]udp6zerocsumtx ] [
[no]udp6zerocsumrx ] [ innerprotoinherit ]
id VNI - specifies the Virtual Network Identifier to use.
remote IPADDR - specifies the unicast destination IP address to use in outgoing packets.
ttl TTL - specifies the TTL value to use in outgoing packets. "0" or "auto" means use
whatever default value, "inherit" means inherit the inner protocol's ttl. Default option
is "0".
tos TOS - specifies the TOS value to use in outgoing packets.
df DF - specifies the usage of the Don't Fragment flag (DF) bit in outgoing packets with
IPv4 headers. The value inherit causes the bit to be copied from the original IP header.
The values unset and set cause the bit to be always unset or always set, respectively. By
default, the bit is not set.
flowlabel FLOWLABEL - specifies the flow label to use in outgoing packets.
dstport PORT - select a destination port other than the default of 6081.
[no]external - make this tunnel externally controlled (or not, which is the default). This
flag is mutually exclusive with the id, remote, ttl, tos and flowlabel options.
[no]udpcsum - specifies if UDP checksum is calculated for transmitted packets over IPv4.
[no]udp6zerocsumtx - skip UDP checksum calculation for transmitted packets over IPv6.
[no]udp6zerocsumrx - allow incoming UDP packets over IPv6 with zero checksum field.
innerprotoinherit - use IPv4/IPv6 as inner protocol instead of Ethernet.
Bareudp Type Support
For a link of type Bareudp the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type bareudp dstport PORT ethertype PROTO [ srcportmin PORT ] [ [no]multiproto
]
dstport PORT - specifies the destination port for the UDP tunnel.
ethertype PROTO - specifies the ethertype of the L3 protocol being tunnelled. ethertype
can be given as plain Ethernet protocol number or using the protocol name ("ipv4", "ipv6",
"mpls_uc", etc.).
srcportmin PORT - selects the lowest value of the UDP tunnel source port range.
[no]multiproto - activates support for protocols similar to the one specified by
ethertype. When ethertype is "mpls_uc" (that is, unicast MPLS), this allows the tunnel to
also handle multicast MPLS. When ethertype is "ipv4", this allows the tunnel to also
handle IPv6. This option is disabled by default.
AMT Type Support
For a link of type AMT the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type AMT discovery IPADDR mode { gateway | relay } local IPADDR dev PHYS_DEV [
relay_port PORT ] [ gateway_port PORT ] [ max_tunnels NUMBER ]
discovery IPADDR - specifies the unicast discovery IP address to use to find remote IP
address.
mode { gateway | relay } - specifies the role of AMT, Gateway or Relay
local IPADDR - specifies the source IP address to use in outgoing packets.
dev PHYS_DEV - specifies the underlying physical interface from which transform traffic is
sent and received.
relay_port PORT - specifies the UDP Relay port to communicate to the Relay.
gateway_port PORT - specifies the UDP Gateway port to communicate to the Gateway.
max_tunnels NUMBER - specifies the maximum number of tunnels.
MACVLAN and MACVTAP Type Support
For a link of type MACVLAN or MACVTAP the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type { macvlan | macvtap } mode { private | vepa | bridge |
passthru [ nopromisc ] | source [ nodst ] } [ bcqueuelen { LENGTH } ] [ bclim LIMIT ]
type { macvlan | macvtap } - specifies the link type to use. macvlan creates just a
virtual interface, while macvtap in addition creates a character device /dev/tapX to be
used just like a tuntap device.
mode private - Do not allow communication between macvlan instances on the same physical
interface, even if the external switch supports hairpin mode.
mode vepa - Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator mode. Data from one macvlan instance to the
other on the same physical interface is transmitted over the physical interface. Either
the attached switch needs to support hairpin mode, or there must be a TCP/IP router
forwarding the packets in order to allow communication. This is the default mode.
mode bridge - In bridge mode, all endpoints are directly connected to each other,
communication is not redirected through the physical interface's peer.
mode passthru [ nopromisc ] - This mode gives more power to a single endpoint, usually in
macvtap mode. It is not allowed for more than one endpoint on the same physical interface.
All traffic will be forwarded to this endpoint, allowing virtio guests to change MAC
address or set promiscuous mode in order to bridge the interface or create vlan interfaces
on top of it. By default, this mode forces the underlying interface into promiscuous mode.
Passing the nopromisc flag prevents this, so the promisc flag may be controlled using
standard tools.
mode source [ nodst ] - allows one to set a list of allowed mac address, which is used to
match against source mac address from received frames on underlying interface. This allows
creating mac based VLAN associations, instead of standard port or tag based. The feature
is useful to deploy 802.1x mac based behavior, where drivers of underlying interfaces
doesn't allows that. By default, packets are also considered (duplicated) for destination-
based MACVLAN. Passing the nodst flag stops matching packets from also going through the
destination-based flow.
bcqueuelen { LENGTH } - Set the length of the RX queue used to process broadcast and
multicast packets. LENGTH must be a positive integer in the range [0-4294967295].
Setting a length of 0 will effectively drop all broadcast/multicast traffic. If not
specified the macvlan driver default (1000) is used. Note that all macvlans that share
the same underlying device are using the same queue. The parameter here is a request, the
actual queue length used will be the maximum length that any macvlan interface has
requested. When listing device parameters both the bcqueuelen parameter as well as the
actual used bcqueuelen are listed to better help the user understand the setting.
bclim LIMIT - Set the threshold for broadcast queueing. LIMIT must be a 32-bit integer.
Setting this to -1 disables broadcast queueing altogether. Otherwise a multicast address
will be queued as broadcast if the number of devices using it is greater than the given
value.
High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR) Support
For a link of type HSR the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type hsr slave1 SLAVE1-IF slave2 SLAVE2-IF [ interlink
INTERLINK-IF ] [ supervision ADDR-BYTE ] [ version { 0 | 1 } [ proto { 0 | 1 } ]
type hsr - specifies the link type to use, here HSR.
slave1 SLAVE1-IF - Specifies the physical device used for the first of the two ring ports.
slave2 SLAVE2-IF - Specifies the physical device used for the second of the two ring
ports.
interlink INTERLINK-IF - The interlink device bound to the HSR network to connect SAN
device(s).
supervision ADDR-BYTE - The last byte of the multicast address used for HSR supervision
frames. Default option is "0", possible values 0-255.
version { 0 | 1 } - Selects the protocol version of the interface. Default option is "0",
which corresponds to the 2010 version of the HSR standard. Option "1" activates the 2012
version.
proto { 0 | 1 } - Selects the protocol at the interface. Default option is "0", which
corresponds to the HSR standard. Option "1" activates the Parallel Redundancy Protocol
(PRP).
BRIDGE Type Support
For a link of type BRIDGE the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type bridge [ ageing_time AGEING_TIME ] [ group_fwd_mask MASK ] [ group_address
ADDRESS ] [ forward_delay FORWARD_DELAY ] [ hello_time HELLO_TIME ] [ max_age MAX_AGE ] [
stp_state STP_STATE ] [ mst_enabled MST_ENABLED ] [ priority PRIORITY ] [ no_linklocal_learn
NO_LINKLOCAL_LEARN ] [ fdb_max_learned FDB_MAX_LEARNED ] [ vlan_filtering VLAN_FILTERING ] [
vlan_protocol VLAN_PROTOCOL ] [ vlan_default_pvid VLAN_DEFAULT_PVID ] [ vlan_stats_enabled
VLAN_STATS_ENABLED ] [ vlan_stats_per_port VLAN_STATS_PER_PORT ] [ mcast_snooping
MULTICAST_SNOOPING ] [ mcast_vlan_snooping MULTICAST_VLAN_SNOOPING ] [ mcast_router
MULTICAST_ROUTER ] [ mcast_query_use_ifaddr MCAST_QUERY_USE_IFADDR ] [ mcast_querier
MULTICAST_QUERIER ] [ mcast_hash_elasticity HASH_ELASTICITY ] [ mcast_hash_max HASH_MAX ] [
mcast_last_member_count LAST_MEMBER_COUNT ] [ mcast_startup_query_count STARTUP_QUERY_COUNT ] [
mcast_last_member_interval LAST_MEMBER_INTERVAL ] [ mcast_membership_interval MEMBERSHIP_INTERVAL
] [ mcast_querier_interval QUERIER_INTERVAL ] [ mcast_query_interval QUERY_INTERVAL ] [
mcast_query_response_interval QUERY_RESPONSE_INTERVAL ] [ mcast_startup_query_interval
STARTUP_QUERY_INTERVAL ] [ mcast_stats_enabled MCAST_STATS_ENABLED ] [ mcast_igmp_version
IGMP_VERSION ] [ mcast_mld_version MLD_VERSION ] [ nf_call_iptables NF_CALL_IPTABLES ] [
nf_call_ip6tables NF_CALL_IP6TABLES ] [ nf_call_arptables NF_CALL_ARPTABLES ]
ageing_time AGEING_TIME - configure the bridge's FDB entries ageing time, ie the number of
seconds a MAC address will be kept in the FDB after a packet has been received from that
address. after this time has passed, entries are cleaned up.
group_fwd_mask MASK - set the group forward mask. This is the bitmask that is applied to
decide whether to forward incoming frames destined to link-local addresses, ie addresses
of the form 01:80:C2:00:00:0X (defaults to 0, ie the bridge does not forward any link-
local frames).
group_address ADDRESS - set the MAC address of the multicast group this bridge uses for
STP. The address must be a link-local address in standard Ethernet MAC address format, ie
an address of the form 01:80:C2:00:00:0X, with X
in [0, 4..f].
forward_delay FORWARD_DELAY - set the forwarding delay in seconds, ie the time spent in
LISTENING state (before moving to LEARNING) and in LEARNING state (before moving to
FORWARDING). Only relevant if STP is enabled. Valid values are between 2 and 30.
hello_time HELLO_TIME - set the time in seconds between hello packets sent by the bridge,
when it is a root bridge or a designated bridges. Only relevant if STP is enabled. Valid
values are between 1 and 10.
max_age MAX_AGE - set the hello packet timeout, ie the time in seconds until another
bridge in the spanning tree is assumed to be dead, after reception of its last hello
message. Only relevant if STP is enabled. Valid values are between 6 and 40.
stp_state STP_STATE - turn spanning tree protocol on (STP_STATE > 0) or off (STP_STATE ==
0). for this bridge.
mst_enabled MST_ENABLED - turn multiple spanning tree (MST) support on (MST_ENABLED > 0)
or off (MST_ENABLED == 0). When enabled, sets of VLANs can be associated with multiple
spanning tree instances (MSTIs), and STP states for each port can be controlled on a per-
MSTI basis. Note: no implementation of the MSTP protocol is provided, only the primitives
needed to implement it. To avoid interfering with the legacy per-VLAN STP states, this
setting can only be changed when no bridge VLANs are configured.
priority PRIORITY - set this bridge's spanning tree priority, used during STP root bridge
election. PRIORITY is a 16bit unsigned integer.
no_linklocal_learn NO_LINKLOCAL_LEARN - turn link-local learning on (NO_LINKLOCAL_LEARN ==
0) or off (NO_LINKLOCAL_LEARN > 0). When disabled, the bridge will not learn from link-
local frames (default: enabled).
fdb_max_learned FDB_MAX_LEARNED - set the maximum number of learned FDB entries. If
(FDB_MAX_LEARNED == 0) the feature is disabled. Default is 0. FDB_MAX_LEARNED is a 32bit
unsigned integer.
vlan_filtering VLAN_FILTERING - turn VLAN filtering on (VLAN_FILTERING > 0) or off
(VLAN_FILTERING == 0). When disabled, the bridge will not consider the VLAN tag when
handling packets.
vlan_protocol { 802.1Q | 802.1ad } - set the protocol used for VLAN filtering.
vlan_default_pvid VLAN_DEFAULT_PVID - set the default PVID (native/untagged VLAN ID) for
this bridge.
vlan_stats_enabled VLAN_STATS_ENABLED - enable (VLAN_STATS_ENABLED == 1) or disable
(VLAN_STATS_ENABLED == 0) per-VLAN stats accounting.
vlan_stats_per_port VLAN_STATS_PER_PORT - enable (VLAN_STATS_PER_PORT == 1) or disable
(VLAN_STATS_PER_PORT == 0) per-VLAN per-port stats accounting. Can be changed only when
there are no port VLANs configured.
mcast_snooping MULTICAST_SNOOPING - turn multicast snooping on (MULTICAST_SNOOPING > 0) or
off (MULTICAST_SNOOPING == 0).
mcast_vlan_snooping MULTICAST_VLAN_SNOOPING - turn multicast VLAN snooping on
(MULTICAST_VLAN_SNOOPING > 0) or off (MULTICAST_VLAN_SNOOPING == 0).
mcast_router MULTICAST_ROUTER - set bridge's multicast router if IGMP snooping is enabled.
MULTICAST_ROUTER is an integer value having the following meaning:
0 - disabled.
1 - automatic (queried).
2 - permanently enabled.
mcast_query_use_ifaddr MCAST_QUERY_USE_IFADDR - whether to use the bridge's own IP address
as source address for IGMP queries (MCAST_QUERY_USE_IFADDR > 0) or the default of 0.0.0.0
(MCAST_QUERY_USE_IFADDR == 0).
mcast_querier MULTICAST_QUERIER - enable (MULTICAST_QUERIER > 0) or disable
(MULTICAST_QUERIER == 0) IGMP querier, ie sending of multicast queries by the bridge
(default: disabled).
mcast_querier_interval QUERIER_INTERVAL - interval between queries sent by other routers.
if no queries are seen after this delay has passed, the bridge will start to send its own
queries (as if mcast_querier was enabled).
mcast_hash_elasticity HASH_ELASTICITY - set multicast database hash elasticity, ie the
maximum chain length in the multicast hash table (defaults to 4).
mcast_hash_max HASH_MAX - set maximum size of multicast hash table (defaults to 512, value
must be a power of 2).
mcast_last_member_count LAST_MEMBER_COUNT - set multicast last member count, ie the number
of queries the bridge will send before stopping forwarding a multicast group after a
"leave" message has been received (defaults to 2).
mcast_last_member_interval LAST_MEMBER_INTERVAL - interval between queries to find
remaining members of a group, after a "leave" message is received.
mcast_startup_query_count STARTUP_QUERY_COUNT - set the number of IGMP queries to send
during startup phase (defaults to 2).
mcast_startup_query_interval STARTUP_QUERY_INTERVAL - interval between queries in the
startup phase.
mcast_query_interval QUERY_INTERVAL - interval between queries sent by the bridge after
the end of the startup phase.
mcast_query_response_interval QUERY_RESPONSE_INTERVAL - set the Max Response Time/Maximum
Response Delay for IGMP/MLD queries sent by the bridge.
mcast_membership_interval MEMBERSHIP_INTERVAL - delay after which the bridge will leave a
group, if no membership reports for this group are received.
mcast_stats_enabled MCAST_STATS_ENABLED - enable (MCAST_STATS_ENABLED > 0) or disable
(MCAST_STATS_ENABLED == 0) multicast (IGMP/MLD) stats accounting.
mcast_igmp_version IGMP_VERSION - set the IGMP version.
mcast_mld_version MLD_VERSION - set the MLD version.
nf_call_iptables NF_CALL_IPTABLES - enable (NF_CALL_IPTABLES > 0) or disable
(NF_CALL_IPTABLES == 0) iptables hooks on the bridge.
nf_call_ip6tables NF_CALL_IP6TABLES - enable (NF_CALL_IP6TABLES > 0) or disable
(NF_CALL_IP6TABLES == 0) ip6tables hooks on the bridge.
nf_call_arptables NF_CALL_ARPTABLES - enable (NF_CALL_ARPTABLES > 0) or disable
(NF_CALL_ARPTABLES == 0) arptables hooks on the bridge.
MACsec Type Support
For a link of type MACsec the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type macsec [ [ address <lladdr> ] port PORT | sci SCI ] [
cipher CIPHER_SUITE ] [ icvlen { 8..16 } ] [ encrypt { on | off } ] [ send_sci { on | off } ] [
end_station { on | off } ] [ scb { on | off } ] [ protect { on | off } ] [ replay { on | off }
window { 0..2^32-1 } ] [ validate { strict | check | disabled } ] [ encodingsa { 0..3 } ]
address <lladdr> - sets the system identifier component of secure channel for this MACsec
device.
port PORT - sets the port number component of secure channel for this MACsec device, in a
range from 1 to 65535 inclusive. Numbers with a leading " 0 " or " 0x " are interpreted as
octal and hexadecimal, respectively.
sci SCI - sets the secure channel identifier for this MACsec device. SCI is a 64bit wide
number in hexadecimal format.
cipher CIPHER_SUITE - defines the cipher suite to use.
icvlen LENGTH - sets the length of the Integrity Check Value (ICV).
encrypt on or encrypt off - switches between authenticated encryption, or authenticity
mode only.
send_sci on or send_sci off - specifies whether the SCI is included in every packet, or
only when it is necessary.
end_station on or end_station off - sets the End Station bit.
scb on or scb off - sets the Single Copy Broadcast bit.
protect on or protect off - enables MACsec protection on the device.
replay on or replay off - enables replay protection on the device.
window SIZE - sets the size of the replay window.
validate strict or validate check or validate disabled - sets the validation mode on the
device.
encodingsa AN - sets the active secure association for transmission.
VRF Type Support
For a link of type VRF the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type vrf table TABLE
table table id associated with VRF device
RMNET Type Support
For a link of type RMNET the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type rmnet mux_id MUXID
mux_id MUXID - specifies the mux identifier for the rmnet device, possible values 1-254.
XFRM Type Support
For a link of type XFRM the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type xfrm dev PHYS_DEV [ if_id IF_ID ] [ external ]
dev PHYS_DEV - specifies the underlying physical interface from which transform traffic is
sent and received.
if_id IF-ID - specifies the hexadecimal lookup key used to send traffic to and from
specific xfrm policies. Policies must be configured with the same key. If not set, the key
defaults to 0 and will match any policies which similarly do not have a lookup key
configuration.
external - make this device externally controlled. This flag is mutually exclusive with
the dev and if_id options.
GTP Type Support
For a link of type GTP the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type gtp role ROLE hsize HSIZE
role ROLE - specifies the role of the GTP device, either sgsn or ggsn
hsize HSIZE - specifies size of the hashtable which stores PDP contexts
restart_count RESTART_COUNT - GTP instance restart counter
PFCP Type Support
For a link of type PFCP no additional arguments are supported
ip link delete - delete virtual link
dev DEVICE
specifies the virtual device to act operate on.
group GROUP
specifies the group of virtual links to delete. Group 0 is not allowed to be deleted since it is
the default group.
type TYPE
specifies the type of the device.
ip link set - change device attributes
Warning: If multiple parameter changes are requested, ip aborts immediately after any of the changes have
failed. This is the only case when ip can move the system to an unpredictable state. The solution is to
avoid changing several parameters with one ip link set call. The modifier change is equivalent to set.
dev DEVICE
DEVICE specifies network device to operate on. When configuring SR-IOV Virtual Function (VF)
devices, this keyword should specify the associated Physical Function (PF) device.
group GROUP
GROUP has a dual role: If both group and dev are present, then move the device to the specified
group. If only a group is specified, then the command operates on all devices in that group.
up and down
change the state of the device to UP or DOWN.
arp on or arp off
change the NOARP flag on the device.
multicast on or multicast off
change the MULTICAST flag on the device.
allmulticast on or allmulticast off
change the ALLMULTI flag on the device. When enabled, instructs network driver to retrieve all
multicast packets from the network to the kernel for further processing.
promisc on or promisc off
change the PROMISC flag on the device. When enabled, activates promiscuous operation of the
network device.
trailers on or trailers off
change the NOTRAILERS flag on the device, NOT used by the Linux and exists for BSD compatibility.
protodown on or protodown off
change the PROTODOWN state on the device. Indicates that a protocol error has been detected on the
port. Switch drivers can react to this error by doing a phys down on the switch port.
protodown_reason PREASON on or off
set PROTODOWN reasons on the device. protodown reason bit names can be enumerated under
/etc/iproute2/protodown_reasons.d/. possible reasons bits 0-31
dynamic on or dynamic off
change the DYNAMIC flag on the device. Indicates that address can change when interface goes down
(currently NOT used by the Linux).
name NAME
change the name of the device. This operation is not recommended if the device is running or has
some addresses already configured.
txqueuelen NUMBER
txqlen NUMBER
change the transmit queue length of the device.
mtu NUMBER
change the MTU of the device.
address LLADDRESS
change the station address of the interface.
broadcast LLADDRESS
brd LLADDRESS
peer LLADDRESS
change the link layer broadcast address or the peer address when the interface is POINTOPOINT.
netns { PID | NETNSNAME | NETNSFILE }
move the device to the network namespace associated with process PID or the name NETNSNAME or the
file NETNSFILE.
Some devices are not allowed to change network namespace: loopback, bridge, wireless. These are
network namespace local devices. In such case ip tool will return "Invalid argument" error. It is
possible to find out if device is local to a single network namespace by checking netns-local flag
in the output of the ethtool:
ethtool -k DEVICE
To change network namespace for wireless devices the iw tool can be used. But it allows one to
change network namespace only for physical devices and by process PID.
alias NAME
give the device a symbolic name for easy reference.
group GROUP
specify the group the device belongs to. The available groups are listed in
/usr/share/iproute2/group or /etc/iproute2/group (has precedence if exists).
vf NUM specify a Virtual Function device to be configured. The associated PF device must be specified
using the dev parameter.
mac LLADDRESS - change the station address for the specified VF. The vf parameter must be
specified.
vlan VLANID - change the assigned VLAN for the specified VF. When specified, all traffic
sent from the VF will be tagged with the specified VLAN ID. Incoming traffic will be
filtered for the specified VLAN ID, and will have all VLAN tags stripped before being
passed to the VF. Setting this parameter to 0 disables VLAN tagging and filtering. The vf
parameter must be specified.
qos VLAN-QOS - assign VLAN QOS (priority) bits for the VLAN tag. When specified, all VLAN
tags transmitted by the VF will include the specified priority bits in the VLAN tag. If
not specified, the value is assumed to be 0. Both the vf and vlan parameters must be
specified. Setting both vlan and qos as 0 disables VLAN tagging and filtering for the VF.
proto VLAN-PROTO - assign VLAN PROTOCOL for the VLAN tag, either 802.1Q or 802.1ad.
Setting to 802.1ad, all traffic sent from the VF will be tagged with VLAN S-Tag. Incoming
traffic will have VLAN S-Tags stripped before being passed to the VF. Setting to 802.1ad
also enables an option to concatenate another VLAN tag, so both S-TAG and C-TAG will be
inserted/stripped for outgoing/incoming traffic, respectively. If not specified, the
value is assumed to be 802.1Q. Both the vf and vlan parameters must be specified.
rate TXRATE -- change the allowed transmit bandwidth, in Mbps, for the specified VF.
Setting this parameter to 0 disables rate limiting. vf parameter must be specified.
Please use new API max_tx_rate option instead.
max_tx_rate TXRATE - change the allowed maximum transmit bandwidth, in Mbps, for the
specified VF. Setting this parameter to 0 disables rate limiting. vf parameter must be
specified.
min_tx_rate TXRATE - change the allowed minimum transmit bandwidth, in Mbps, for the
specified VF. Minimum TXRATE should be always <= Maximum TXRATE. Setting this parameter
to 0 disables rate limiting. vf parameter must be specified.
spoofchk on|off - turn packet spoof checking on or off for the specified VF.
query_rss on|off - toggle the ability of querying the RSS configuration of a specific VF.
VF RSS information like RSS hash key may be considered sensitive on some devices where
this information is shared between VF and PF and thus its querying may be prohibited by
default.
state auto|enable|disable - set the virtual link state as seen by the specified VF.
Setting to auto means a reflection of the PF link state, enable lets the VF to communicate
with other VFs on this host even if the PF link state is down, disable causes the HW to
drop any packets sent by the VF.
trust on|off - trust the specified VF user. This enables that VF user can set a specific
feature which may impact security and/or performance. (e.g. VF multicast promiscuous mode)
node_guid eui64 - configure node GUID for Infiniband VFs.
port_guid eui64 - configure port GUID for Infiniband VFs.
xdp object | pinned | off
set (or unset) a XDP ("eXpress Data Path") BPF program to run on every packet at driver level. ip
link output will indicate a xdp flag for the networking device. If the driver does not have native
XDP support, the kernel will fall back to a slower, driver-independent "generic" XDP variant. The
ip link output will in that case indicate xdpgeneric instead of xdp only. If the driver does have
native XDP support, but the program is loaded under xdpgeneric object | pinned then the kernel
will use the generic XDP variant instead of the native one. xdpdrv has the opposite effect of
requesting that the automatic fallback to the generic XDP variant be disabled and in case driver
is not XDP-capable error should be returned. xdpdrv also disables hardware offloads. xdpoffload
in ip link output indicates that the program has been offloaded to hardware and can also be used
to request the "offload" mode, much like xdpgeneric it forces program to be installed specifically
in HW/FW of the adapter.
off (or none ) - Detaches any currently attached XDP/BPF program from the given device.
object FILE - Attaches a XDP/BPF program to the given device. The FILE points to a BPF ELF file
(f.e. generated by LLVM) that contains the BPF program code, map specifications, etc. If a XDP/BPF
program is already attached to the given device, an error will be thrown. If no XDP/BPF program is
currently attached, the device supports XDP and the program from the BPF ELF file passes the
kernel verifier, then it will be attached to the device. If the option -force is passed to ip then
any prior attached XDP/BPF program will be atomically overridden and no error will be thrown in
this case. If no section option is passed, then the default section name ("prog") will be assumed,
otherwise the provided section name will be used. If no verbose option is passed, then a verifier
log will only be dumped on load error. See also EXAMPLES section for usage examples.
section NAME - Specifies a section name that contains the BPF program code. If no section name is
specified, the default one ("prog") will be used. This option is to be passed with the object
option.
program NAME - Specifies the BPF program name that need to be attached. When the program name is
specified, the section name parameter will be ignored. This option only works when iproute2 build
with libbpf support.
verbose - Act in verbose mode. For example, even in case of success, this will print the verifier
log in case a program was loaded from a BPF ELF file.
pinned FILE - Attaches a XDP/BPF program to the given device. The FILE points to an already pinned
BPF program in the BPF file system. The option section doesn't apply here, but otherwise semantics
are the same as with the option object described already.
master DEVICE
set master device of the device (enslave device).
nomaster
unset master device of the device (release device).
addrgenmode eui64|none|stable_secret|random
set the IPv6 address generation mode
eui64 - use a Modified EUI-64 format interface identifier
none - disable automatic address generation
stable_secret - generate the interface identifier based on a preset
/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/{default,DEVICE}/stable_secret
random - like stable_secret, but auto-generate a new random secret if none is set
link-netnsid
set peer netnsid for a cross-netns interface
type ETYPE TYPE_ARGS
Change type-specific settings. For a list of supported types and arguments refer to the
description of ip link add above. In addition to that, it is possible to manipulate settings to
slave devices:
Bridge Slave Support
For a link with master bridge the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link set type bridge_slave [ fdb_flush ] [ state STATE ] [ priority PRIO ] [ cost COST ] [
guard { on | off } ] [ hairpin { on | off } ] [ fastleave { on | off } ] [ root_block { on | off }
] [ learning { on | off } ] [ flood { on | off } ] [ proxy_arp { on | off } ] [ proxy_arp_wifi {
on | off } ] [ mcast_router MULTICAST_ROUTER ] [ mcast_fast_leave { on | off} ] [ bcast_flood { on
| off } ] [ mcast_flood { on | off } ] [ mcast_to_unicast { on | off } ] [ group_fwd_mask MASK ] [
neigh_suppress { on | off } ] [ neigh_vlan_suppress { on | off } ] [ vlan_tunnel { on | off } ] [
isolated { on | off } ] [ locked { on | off } ] [ mab { on | off } ] [ backup_port DEVICE ] [
nobackup_port ] [ backup_nhid NHID ]
fdb_flush - flush bridge slave's fdb dynamic entries.
state STATE - Set port state. STATE is a number representing the following states: 0
(disabled), 1 (listening), 2 (learning), 3 (forwarding), 4 (blocking).
priority PRIO - set port priority (allowed values are between 0 and 63, inclusively).
cost COST - set port cost (allowed values are between 1 and 65535, inclusively).
guard { on | off } - block incoming BPDU packets on this port.
hairpin { on | off } - enable hairpin mode on this port. This will allow incoming packets
on this port to be reflected back.
fastleave { on | off } - enable multicast fast leave on this port.
root_block { on | off } - block this port from becoming the bridge's root port.
learning { on | off } - allow MAC address learning on this port.
flood { on | off } - open the flood gates on this port, i.e. forward all unicast frames to
this port also. Requires proxy_arp and proxy_arp_wifi to be turned off.
proxy_arp { on | off } - enable proxy ARP on this port.
proxy_arp_wifi { on | off } - enable proxy ARP on this port which meets extended
requirements by IEEE 802.11 and Hotspot 2.0 specifications.
mcast_router MULTICAST_ROUTER - configure this port for having multicast routers attached.
A port with a multicast router will receive all multicast traffic. MULTICAST_ROUTER may
be either 0 to disable multicast routers on this port, 1 to let the system detect the
presence of routers (this is the default), 2 to permanently enable multicast traffic
forwarding on this port or 3 to enable multicast routers temporarily on this port, not
depending on incoming queries.
mcast_fast_leave { on | off } - this is a synonym to the fastleave option above.
bcast_flood { on | off } - controls flooding of broadcast traffic on the given port. By
default this flag is on.
mcast_flood { on | off } - controls whether a given port will flood multicast traffic for
which there is no MDB entry. By default this flag is on.
mcast_to_unicast { on | off } - controls whether a given port will replicate packets using
unicast instead of multicast. By default this flag is off.
group_fwd_mask MASK - set the group forward mask. This is the bitmask that is applied to
decide whether to forward incoming frames destined to link-local addresses, ie addresses
of the form 01:80:C2:00:00:0X (defaults to 0, ie the bridge does not forward any link-
local frames coming on this port).
neigh_suppress { on | off } - controls whether neigh discovery (arp and nd) proxy and
suppression is enabled on the port. By default this flag is off.
neigh_vlan_suppress { on | off } - controls whether per-VLAN neigh discovery (arp and nd)
proxy and suppression is enabled on the port. When on, the bridge link option
neigh_suppress has no effect and the per-VLAN state is set using the bridge vlan option
neigh_suppress. By default this flag is off.
vlan_tunnel { on | off } - controls whether vlan to tunnel mapping is enabled on the port.
By default this flag is off.
locked { on | off } - controls whether a port is locked or not. When locked, non-link-
local frames received through the port are dropped unless an FDB entry with the MAC source
address points to the port. The common use case is IEEE 802.1X where hosts can
authenticate themselves by exchanging EAPOL frames with an authenticator. After
authentication is complete, the user space control plane can install a matching FDB entry
to allow traffic from the host to be forwarded by the bridge. When learning is enabled on
a locked port, the no_linklocal_learn bridge option needs to be on to prevent the bridge
from learning from received EAPOL frames. By default this flag is off.
mab { on | off } - controls whether MAC Authentication Bypass (MAB) is enabled on the port
or not. MAB can only be enabled on a locked port that has learning enabled. When enabled,
FDB entries are learned from received traffic and have the "locked" FDB flag set. The flag
can only be set by the kernel and it indicates that the FDB entry cannot be used to
authenticate the corresponding host. User space can decide to authenticate the host by
replacing the FDB entry and clearing the "locked" FDB flag. Locked FDB entries can roam to
unlocked (authorized) ports in which case the "locked" flag is cleared. FDB entries cannot
roam to locked ports regardless of MAB being enabled or not. Therefore, locked FDB entries
are only created if an FDB entry with the given {MAC, VID} does not already exist. This
behavior prevents unauthenticated hosts from disrupting traffic destined to already
authenticated hosts. Locked FDB entries act like regular dynamic entries with respect to
forwarding and aging. By default this flag is off.
backup_port DEVICE - if the port loses carrier all traffic will be redirected to the
configured backup port
nobackup_port - removes the currently configured backup port
backup_nhid NHID - the FDB nexthop object ID (see ip-nexthop(8)) to attach to packets
being redirected to a backup port that has VLAN tunnel mapping enabled (via the
vlan_tunnel option). Setting a value of 0 (default) has the effect of not attaching any
ID.
Bonding Slave Support
For a link with master bond the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link set type bond_slave [ queue_id ID ] [ prio PRIORITY ]
queue_id ID - set the slave's queue ID (a 16bit unsigned value).
prio PRIORITY - set the slave's priority for active slave re-selection during failover (a
32bit signed value). This option only valid for active-backup(1), balance-tlb (5) and
balance-alb (6) mode.
MACVLAN and MACVTAP Support
Modify list of allowed macaddr for link in source mode.
ip link set type { macvlan | macvap } [ macaddr COMMAND MACADDR ... ]
Commands:
add - add MACADDR to allowed list
set - replace allowed list
del - remove MACADDR from allowed list
flush - flush whole allowed list
Update the broadcast/multicast queue length.
ip link set type { macvlan | macvap } [ bcqueuelen LENGTH ] [ bclim LIMIT ]
bcqueuelen LENGTH - Set the length of the RX queue used to process broadcast and multicast
packets. LENGTH must be a positive integer in the range [0-4294967295]. Setting a length
of 0 will effectively drop all broadcast/multicast traffic. If not specified the macvlan
driver default (1000) is used. Note that all macvlans that share the same underlying
device are using the same queue. The parameter here is a request, the actual queue length
used will be the maximum length that any macvlan interface has requested. When listing
device parameters both the bcqueuelen parameter as well as the actual used bcqueuelen are
listed to better help the user understand the setting.
bclim LIMIT - Set the threshold for broadcast queueing. LIMIT must be a 32-bit integer.
Setting this to -1 disables broadcast queueing altogether. Otherwise a multicast address
will be queued as broadcast if the number of devices using it is greater than the given
value.
DSA user port support
For a link having the DSA user port type, the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link set type dsa [ conduit DEVICE ]
conduit DEVICE - change the DSA conduit (host network interface) responsible for handling
the locally terminated traffic for the given DSA switch user port. For a description of
which network interfaces are suitable for serving as conduit interfaces of this user port,
please see https://docs.kernel.org/networking/dsa/configuration.html#affinity-of-user-
ports-to-cpu-ports as well as what is supported by the driver in use.
master DEVICE - this is a synonym for "conduit".
ip link show - display device attributes
dev NAME (default)
NAME specifies the network device to show.
group GROUP
GROUP specifies what group of devices to show.
up only display running interfaces.
down only display not running interfaces.
master DEVICE
DEVICE specifies the master device which enslaves devices to show.
vrf NAME
NAME specifies the VRF which enslaves devices to show.
type TYPE
TYPE specifies the type of devices to show.
Note that the type name is not checked against the list of supported types - instead it is sent
as-is to the kernel. Later it is used to filter the returned interface list by comparing it with
the relevant attribute in case the kernel didn't filter already. Therefore any string is accepted,
but may lead to empty output.
nomaster
only show devices with no master
novf only show devices with no VF info
ip link xstats - display extended statistics
type TYPE
TYPE specifies the type of devices to display extended statistics for.
ip link afstats - display address-family specific statistics
dev DEVICE
DEVICE specifies the device to display address-family statistics for.
ip link help - display help
TYPE specifies which help of link type to display.
GROUP
may be a number or a string from /usr/share/iproute2/group or /etc/iproute2/group which can be manually
filled and has precedence if exists.
EXAMPLES
ip link show
Shows the state of all network interfaces on the system.
ip link show type bridge
Shows the bridge devices.
ip link show type vlan
Shows the vlan devices.
ip link show master br0
Shows devices enslaved by br0
ip link set dev ppp0 mtu 1400
Change the MTU the ppp0 device.
ip link add link eth0 name eth0.10 type vlan id 10
Creates a new vlan device eth0.10 on device eth0.
ip link delete dev eth0.10
Removes vlan device.
ip link help gre
Display help for the gre link type.
ip link add name tun1 type ipip remote 192.168.1.1 local 192.168.1.2 ttl 225 encap gue encap-sport auto
encap-dport 5555 encap-csum encap-remcsum
Creates an IPIP that is encapsulated with Generic UDP Encapsulation, and the outer UDP checksum and
remote checksum offload are enabled.
ip link set dev eth0 xdp obj prog.o
Attaches a XDP/BPF program to device eth0, where the program is located in prog.o, section "prog"
(default section). In case a XDP/BPF program is already attached, throw an error.
ip -force link set dev eth0 xdp obj prog.o sec foo
Attaches a XDP/BPF program to device eth0, where the program is located in prog.o, section "foo". In
case a XDP/BPF program is already attached, it will be overridden by the new one.
ip -force link set dev eth0 xdp pinned /sys/fs/bpf/foo
Attaches a XDP/BPF program to device eth0, where the program was previously pinned as an object node
into BPF file system under name foo.
ip link set dev eth0 xdp off
If a XDP/BPF program is attached on device eth0, detach it and effectively turn off XDP for device
eth0.
ip link add link wpan0 lowpan0 type lowpan
Creates a 6LoWPAN interface named lowpan0 on the underlying IEEE 802.15.4 device wpan0.
ip link add dev ip6erspan11 type ip6erspan seq key 102 local fc00:100::2 remote fc00:100::1 erspan_ver 2
erspan_dir ingress erspan_hwid 17
Creates a IP6ERSPAN version 2 interface named ip6erspan00.
ip link set dev swp0 type dsa conduit eth1
Changes the conduit interface of the swp0 user port to eth1.
SEE ALSO
ip(8), ip-netns(8), ethtool(8), iptables(8)
AUTHOR
Original Manpage by Michail Litvak <mci@owl.openwall.com>
iproute2 13 Dec 2012 IP-LINK(8)