Provided by: spamd_4.0.0-8ubuntu5_all 
NAME
spamd - daemonized version of spamassassin
SYNOPSIS
spamd [options]
Options:
-l, --allow-tell Allow learning/reporting
-c, --create-prefs Create user preferences files
-C path, --configpath=path Path for default config files
--siteconfigpath=path Path for site configs
--cf='config line' Additional line of configuration
--pre='config line' Additional line of ".pre" (prepended to configuration)
-d, --daemonize Daemonize
-h, --help Print usage message
-i [ip_or_name[:port]], --listen=[ip_or_name[:port]] Listen on IP addr and port
-p port, --port=port Listen on specified port, may be overridden by -i
-4, --ipv4-only, --ipv4 Use IPv4 where applicable, disables IPv6
-6 Use IPv6 where applicable, disables IPv4
-A host,..., --allowed-ips=..,.. Restrict to IP addresses which can connect
-m num, --max-children=num Allow maximum num children
--min-children=num Allow minimum num children
--min-spare=num Lower limit for number of spare children
--max-spare=num Upper limit for number of spare children
--max-conn-per-child=num Maximum connections accepted by child
before it is respawned
--round-robin Use traditional prefork algorithm
--timeout-tcp=secs Connection timeout for client headers
--timeout-child=secs Connection timeout for message checks
-q, --sql-config Enable SQL config (needs -x)
-Q, --setuid-with-sql Enable SQL config (needs -x,
enables use of -H)
--ldap-config Enable LDAP config (needs -x)
--setuid-with-ldap Enable LDAP config (needs -x,
enables use of -H)
--virtual-config-dir=dir Enable pattern based Virtual configs
(needs -x)
-r pidfile, --pidfile Write the process id to pidfile
-s facility, --syslog=facility Specify the syslog facility
--syslog-socket=type How to connect to syslogd
--log-timestamp-fmt=fmt strftime(3) format for timestamps, may be
empty to disable timestamps, or 'default'
-u username, --username=username Run as username
-g groupname, --groupname=groupname Run as groupname
-v, --vpopmail Enable vpopmail config
-x, --nouser-config Disable user config files
-U username, --default-user=username Fall back to this username if spamc user
is not found (default: nobody)
-D, --debug[=areas] Print debugging messages (for areas)
-L, --local Use local tests only (no DNS)
-P, --paranoid Die upon user errors
-H [dir], --helper-home-dir[=dir] Specify a different HOME directory
--ssl Enable SSL on TCP connections
--ssl-verify Request a client certificate and verify it
--ssl-ca-file cafile Certificate Authority certificate file
--ssl-ca-path capath Certificate Authority directory
--ssl-port port Override --port setting for SSL connections
--server-key keyfile Specify an SSL keyfile
--server-cert certfile Specify an SSL certificate
--socketpath=path Listen on a given UNIX domain socket
--socketowner=name Set UNIX domain socket file's owner
--socketgroup=name Set UNIX domain socket file's group
--socketmode=mode Set UNIX domain socket file's mode
--timing Enable timing and logging
-V, --version Print version and exit
The --listen option (or -i) may be specified multiple times, its syntax is: [ ssl: ] [ host-name-or-IP-
address ] [ : port ] or an absolute path (filename) of a Unix socket. If port is omitted it defaults to
--port or to 783. Option --ssl implies a prefix 'ssl:'. An IPv6 address should be enclosed in square
brackets, e.g. [::1]:783, an IPv4 address may be but need not be enclosed in square brackets. An
asterisk '*' in place of a hostname implies an unspecified address, ('0.0.0.0' or '::'), i.e. it binds to
all interfaces. An empty option value implies '*'. A default is '--listen localhost', which binds to a
loopback interface only.
DESCRIPTION
The purpose of this program is to provide a daemonized version of the spamassassin executable. The goal
is improving throughput performance for automated mail checking.
This is intended to be used alongside "spamc", a fast, low-overhead C client program.
See the README file in the "spamd" directory of the SpamAssassin distribution for more details.
Note: Although "spamd" will check per-user config files for every message, any changes to the system-wide
config files will require either restarting spamd or forcing it to reload itself via SIGHUP for the
changes to take effect.
Note: If "spamd" receives a SIGHUP, it internally reloads itself, which means that it will change its pid
and might not restart at all if its environment changed (ie. if it can't change back into its own
directory). If you plan to use SIGHUP, you should always start "spamd" with the -r switch to know its
current pid.
OPTIONS
Options of the long form can be shortened as long as they remain unambiguous. (i.e. --dae can be used
instead of --daemonize) Also, boolean options (like --user-config) can be negated by adding no
(--nouser-config), however, this is usually unnecessary.
-l, --allow-tell
Allow learning and forgetting (to a local Bayes database), reporting and revoking (to a remote
database) by spamd. The client issues a TELL command to tell what type of message is being processed
and whether local (learn/forget) or remote (report/revoke) databases should be updated.
Note that spamd always trusts the username passed in so clients could maliciously learn messages for
other users. (This is not usually a concern with an SQL Bayes store as users will typically have
read-write access directly to the database, and can also use "sa-learn" with the -u option to achieve
the same result.)
-c, --create-prefs
Create user preferences files if they don't exist (default: don't).
-C path, --configpath=path
Use the specified path for locating the distributed configuration files. Ignore the default
directories (usually "/usr/share/spamassassin" or similar).
--siteconfigpath=path
Use the specified path for locating site-specific configuration files. Ignore the default
directories (usually "/etc/spamassassin" or similar).
--cf='config line'
Add additional lines of configuration directly from the command-line, parsed after the configuration
files are read. Multiple --cf arguments can be used, and each will be considered a separate line of
configuration.
--pre='config line'
Add additional lines of .pre configuration directly from the command-line, parsed before the
configuration files are read. Multiple --pre arguments can be used, and each will be considered a
separate line of configuration.
-d, --daemonize
Detach from starting process and run in background (daemonize).
-h, --help
Print a brief help message, then exit without further action.
-V, --version
Print version information, then exit without further action.
-i [ipaddress[:<port>]], --listen[=ipaddress[:<port>]]
Additional alias names for this option are --listen-ip and --ip-address. Tells spamd to listen on
the specified IP address, defaults to a loopback interface, i.e. "--listen localhost"). If no value
is specified after the switch, or if an asterisk '*' stands in place of an <ipaddress>, spamd will
listen on all interfaces - this is equivalent to address '0.0.0.0' for IPv4 and to '::' for IPv6. You
can also use a valid hostname which will make spamd listen on all addresses that a name resolves to.
The option may be specified multiple times. See also options -4 and -6 for restricting address family
to IPv4 or to IPv6. If a port is specified it overrides for this socket the global --port (and
--ssl-port) setting. An IPv6 addresses should be enclosed in square brackets, e.g. [::1]:783. For
compatibility square brackets on an IPv6 address may be omitted if a port number specification is
also omitted.
-p port, --port=port
Optionally specifies the port number for the server to listen on (default: 783).
If the --ssl switch is used, and --ssl-port is not supplied, then this port will be used to accept
SSL connections instead of unencrypted connections. If the --ssl switch is used, and --ssl-port is
set, then unencrypted connections will be accepted on the --port at the same time as encrypted
connections are accepted at --ssl-port.
-q, --sql-config
Turn on SQL lookups even when per-user config files have been disabled with -x. this is useful for
spamd hosts which don't have user's home directories but do want to load user preferences from an SQL
database.
If your spamc client does not support sending the "User:" header, like "exiscan", then the SQL
username used will always be nobody.
This inhibits the setuid() behavior, so the "-u" option is required. If you want the setuid()
behaviour, use "-Q" or "--setuid-with-sql" instead.
--ldap-config
Turn on LDAP lookups. This is completely analog to "--sql-config", only it is using an LDAP server.
Like "--sql-config", this disables the setuid behavior, and requires "-u". If you want it, use
"--setuid-with-ldap" instead.
-Q, --setuid-with-sql
Turn on SQL lookups even when per-user config files have been disabled with -x and also setuid to the
user. This is useful for spamd hosts which want to load user preferences from an SQL database but
also wish to support the use of -H (Helper home directories.)
--setuid-with-ldap
Turn on LDAP lookups even when per-user config files have been disabled with -x and also setuid to
the user. This is again completely analog to "--setuid-with-sql", only it is using an LDAP server.
--virtual-config-dir=pattern
This option specifies where per-user preferences can be found for virtual users, for the -x switch.
The pattern is used as a base pattern for the directory name. Any of the following escapes can be
used:
%u -- replaced with the full name of the current user, as sent by spamc.
%l -- replaced with the 'local part' of the current username. In other words, if the username is an
email address, this is the part before the "@" sign.
%d -- replaced with the 'domain' of the current username. In other words, if the username is an
email address, this is the part after the "@" sign.
%x -- replaced with the full name of the current user, as sent by spamc. If the resulting config
directory does not exist, replace with the domain part to use a domain-wide default.
%% -- replaced with a single percent sign (%).
So for example, if "/vhome/users/%u/spamassassin" is specified, and spamc sends a virtual username of
"jm@example.com", the directory "/vhome/users/jm@example.com/spamassassin" will be used.
The set of characters allowed in the virtual username for this path are restricted to:
A-Z a-z 0-9 - + _ . , @ =
All others will be replaced by underscores ("_").
This path must be a writable directory. It will be created if it does not already exist. If a file
called user_prefs exists in this directory (note: not in a ".spamassassin" subdirectory!), it will be
loaded as the user's preferences. The Bayes databases for that user will be stored in this
directory.
Note that this requires that -x is used, and cannot be combined with SQL- or LDAP-based
configuration.
The pattern must expand to an absolute directory when spamd is running daemonized (-d).
Currently, use of this without -u is not supported. This inhibits setuid.
-r pidfile, --pidfile=pidfile
Write the process ID of the spamd parent to the file specified by pidfile. The file will be unlinked
when the parent exits. Note that when running with the -u option, the file must be writable by that
user.
-v, --vpopmail
Enable vpopmail config. If specified with -u set to the vpopmail user, this allows spamd to
lookup/create user_prefs in the vpopmail user's own maildir. This option is useful for vpopmail
virtual users who do not have an entry in the system /etc/passwd file.
Currently, use of this without -u is not supported. This inhibits setuid.
-s facility, --syslog=facility
Specify the syslog facility to use (default: mail). If "stderr" is specified, output will be written
to stderr. (This is useful if you're running "spamd" under the "daemontools" package.) With a
facility of "file", all output goes to spamd.log. facility is interpreted as a file name to log to if
it contains any characters except a-z and 0-9. "null" disables logging completely (used internally).
Examples:
spamd -s mail # use syslog, facility mail (default)
spamd -s ./mail # log to file ./mail
spamd -s stderr 2>/dev/null # log to stderr, throw messages away
spamd -s null # the same as above
spamd -s file # log to file ./spamd.log
spamd -s /var/log/spamd.log # log to file /var/log/spamd.log
If logging to a file is enabled and that log file is rotated, the spamd server must be restarted with
a SIGHUP. (If the log file is just truncated, this is not needed but still recommended.)
Note that logging to a file does not use locking, so you cannot intermix logging from spamd and other
processes into the same file. If you want to mix logging like this, use syslog instead.
If you use syslog logging, it is essential to send a SIGHUP to the spamd daemon when you restart the
syslogd daemon. (This is due to a shortcoming in Perl's syslog handling, where the disappearance of
the connection to the syslogd is considered a fatal error.)
--syslog-socket=type
Specify how spamd should send messages to syslogd. The type can be any of the socket types or logging
mechanisms as accepted by the subroutine Sys::Syslog::setlogsock(). Depending on a version of
Sys::Syslog and on the underlying operating system, one of the following values (or their subset) can
be used: "native", "eventlog", "tcp", "udp", "inet", "unix", "stream", "pipe", or "console". The
value "eventlog" is specific to Win32 events logger and requires a perl module Win32::EventLog to be
installed. For more information please consult the Sys::Syslog documentation.
A historical setting --syslog-socket=none is mapped to --syslog=stderr.
A default for Windows platforms is "none", otherwise the default is to try "unix" first, falling back
to "inet" if perl detects errors in its "unix" support.
Some platforms, or versions of perl, are shipped with old or dysfunctional versions of the
Sys::Syslog module which do not support some socket types, so you may need to set this option
explicitly. If you get error messages regarding __PATH_LOG or similar spamd, try changing this
setting.
The socket types "file" is used internally and should not be specified. Use the "-s" switch instead.
--log-timestamp-fmt=format
The --log-timestamp-fmt option can provide a POSIX strftime(3) format for timestamps included in each
logged message. Each logger (stderr, file, syslog) has its own default value for a timestamp format,
which applies when --log-timestamp-fmt option is not given, or with --log-timestamp-fmt=default .
Timestamps can be turned off by specifying an empty string with this option, e.g.
--log-timestamp-fmt='' or just --log-timestamp-fmt= . Typical use: --log-timestamp-fmt='%a %b %e
%H:%M:%S %Y' (provides localized weekday and month names in the ctime(3) style), or '%a, %e %b %Y
%H:%M:%S %z (%Z)' for a RFC 2822 format, or maybe '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%z' for an ISO 8601 (EN 28601)
format, or just '%Y%m%dT%H%M%S' .
-u username, --username=username
Run as the named user. If this option is not set, the default behaviour is to setuid() to the user
running "spamc", if "spamd" is running as root.
Note: "--username=root" is not a valid option. If specified, "spamd" will exit with a fatal error on
startup.
-g groupname, --groupname=groupname
Run as the named group if --username is being used. If this option is not set when --username is used
then the primary group for the user given to --username is used.
-x, --nouser-config, --user-config
Turn off (on) reading of per-user configuration files (user_prefs) from the user's home directory.
The default behaviour is to read per-user configuration from the user's home directory
(--user-config).
This option does not disable or otherwise influence the SQL, LDAP or Virtual Config Dir settings.
-U username, --default-user=username
Fall back to this username, if the username provided by spamc is not found. Default is nobody, which
might not exist or not have a usable home directory, use this setting to define a suitable user if
needed.
-A host,..., --allowed-ips=host,...
Specify a comma-separated list of authorized hosts or networks which can connect to this spamd
instance. Each element of the list is either a single IP addresses, or a range of IP addresses in
address/masklength CIDR notation, or ranges of IPv4 addresses by specifying 3 or less octets with a
trailing dot. Hostnames are not supported, only IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. This option can be
specified multiple times, or can take a list of addresses separated by commas. IPv6 addresses may be
(but need not be) enclosed in square brackets for consistency with option --listen. Examples:
-A 10.11.12.13 -- only allow connections from 10.11.12.13.
-A 10.11.12.13,10.11.12.14 -- only allow connections from 10.11.12.13 and 10.11.12.14.
-A 10.200.300.0/24 -- allow connections from any machine in the range "10.200.300.*".
-A 10. -- allow connections from any machine in the range "10.*.*.*".
-A [2001:db8::]/32,192.0.2.0/24,::1,127.0.0.0/8 -- only accept connections from specified test
networks and from localhost.
In absence of the -A option, connections are only accepted from IP address 127.0.0.1 or ::1, i.e.
from localhost on a loopback interface.
-D [area,...], --debug [area,...]
Produce debugging output. If no areas are listed, all debugging information is printed. Diagnostic
output can also be enabled for each area individually; area is the area of the code to instrument.
For example, to produce diagnostic output on bayes, learn, and dns, use:
spamassassin -D bayes,learn,dns
Higher priority informational messages that are suitable for logging in normal circumstances are
available with an area of "info".
For more information about which areas (also known as channels) are available, please see the
documentation at:
C<https://wiki.apache.org/spamassassin/DebugChannels>
-4, --ipv4only, --ipv4-only, --ipv4
Use IPv4 where applicable, do not use IPv6. The option affects a set of listen sockets (see option
"--listen") and disables IPv6 for DNS tests.
-6 Use IPv6 where applicable, do not use IPv4. The option affects a set of listen sockets (see option
"--listen") and disables IPv4 for DNS tests. Installing a module IO::Socket::IP is recommended if
spamd is expected to receive requests over IPv6.
-L, --local
Perform only local tests on all mail. In other words, skip DNS and other network tests. Works the
same as the "-L" flag to spamassassin(1).
-P, --paranoid
Die on user errors (for the user passed from spamc) instead of falling back to user "--default-user"
and using the default configuration.
-m number , --max-children=number
This option specifies the maximum number of children to spawn. Spamd will spawn that number of
children, then sleep in the background until a child dies, wherein it will go and spawn a new child.
Incoming connections can still occur if all of the children are busy, however those connections will
be queued waiting for a free child. The minimum value is 1, the default value is 5.
Please note that there is a OS specific maximum of connections that can be queued (Try "perl -MSocket
-e'print SOMAXCONN'" to find this maximum).
Note that if you run too many servers for the amount of free RAM available, you run the danger of
hurting performance by causing a high swap load as server processes are swapped in and out
continually.
--min-children=number
The minimum number of children that will be kept running. The minimum value is 1, the default value
is 1. If you have lots of free RAM, you may want to increase this.
--min-spare=number
The lower limit for the number of spare children allowed to run. A spare, or idle, child is one that
is not handling a scan request. If there are too few spare children available, a new server will be
started every second or so. The default value is 1.
--max-spare=number
The upper limit for the number of spare children allowed to run. If there are too many spare
children, one will be killed every second or so until the number of idle children is in the desired
range. The default value is 2.
--max-conn-per-child=number
This option specifies the maximum number of connections each child should process before dying and
letting the master spamd process spawn a new child. The minimum value is 1, the default value is
200.
--round-robin
By default, "spamd" will attempt to keep a small number of "hot" child processes as busy as possible,
and keep any others as idle as possible, using something similar to the Apache httpd server scaling
algorithm. This is accomplished by the master process coordinating the activities of the children.
This switch will disable this scaling algorithm, and the behaviour seen in the 3.0.x versions will be
used instead, where all processes receive an equal load and no scaling takes place.
--timeout-tcp=number
This option specifies the number of seconds to wait for headers from a client (spamc) before closing
the connection. The minimum value is 1, the default value is 30, and a value of 0 will disable
socket timeouts completely.
--timeout-child=number
This option specifies the number of seconds to wait for a spamd child to process or check a message.
The minimum value is 1, the default value is 300, and a value of 0 will disable child timeouts
completely.
-H directory, --helper-home-dir=directory
Specify that external programs such as Razor, DCC, and Pyzor should have a HOME environment variable
set to a specific directory. The default is to use the HOME environment variable setting from the
shell running spamd. By specifying no argument, spamd will use the spamc caller's home directory
instead.
--ssl
Accept only SSL connections on the associated port. The IO::Socket::SSL perl module must be
installed.
If the --ssl switch is used, and --ssl-port is not supplied, then --port port will be used to accept
SSL connections instead of unencrypted connections. If the --ssl switch is used, and --ssl-port is
set, then unencrypted connections will be accepted on the --port, at the same time as encrypted
connections are accepted at --ssl-port.
--ssl-verify
Implies --ssl. Request a client certificate and verify the certificate. Requires --ssl-ca-file or
--ssl-ca-path.
--ssl-ca-file=cafile
Implies --ssl-verify. Use the specified Certificate Authority certificate to verify the client
certificate. The client certificate must be signed by this certificate.
--ssl-ca-path=capath
Implies --ssl-verify. Use the Certificate Authority certificate files in the specified set of
directories to verify the client certificate. The client certificate must be signed by one of these
Certificate Authorities. See the man page for IO::Socket::SSL for additional details.
--ssl-port=port
Optionally specifies the port number for the server to listen on for SSL connections (default:
whatever --port uses). See --ssl for more details.
--server-key keyfile
Specify the SSL key file to use for SSL connections.
--server-cert certfile
Specify the SSL certificate file to use for SSL connections.
--socketpath pathname
Listen on a UNIX domain socket at path pathname, in addition to sockets specified with a "--listen"
option. This option is provided for compatibility with older versions of spamd. Starting with version
3.4.0 the "--listen" option can also take a UNIX domain socket as its value (an absolute path name).
Unlike "--socketpath", the "--listen" option may be specified multiple times if spamd needs to listen
on multiple UNIX or INET or INET6 sockets.
Warning: the Perl support on BSD platforms for UNIX domain sockets seems to have a bug regarding
paths of over 100 bytes or so (SpamAssassin bug 4380). If you see a 'could not find newly-created
UNIX socket' error message, and the path appears truncated, this may be the cause. Try using a
shorter path to the socket.
By default, use of --socketpath without --listen will inhibit SSL connections and unencrypted TCP
connections. To add other sockets, specify them with --listen, e.g. '--listen=:' or '--listen=*:'
--socketowner name
Set UNIX domain socket to be owned by the user named name. Note that this requires that spamd be
started as "root", and if "-u" is used, that user should have write permissions to unlink the file
later, for when the "spamd" server is killed.
--socketgroup name
Set UNIX domain socket to be owned by the group named name. See "--socketowner" for notes on
ownership and permissions.
--socketmode mode
Set UNIX domain socket to use the octal mode mode. Note that if "-u" is used, that user should have
write permissions to unlink the file later, for when the "spamd" server is killed.
--timing
Enable timing measurements and output the information for logging. This
is the same information as provided by the TIMING tag.
SEE ALSO
spamc(1) spamassassin(1) Mail::SpamAssassin::Conf(3) Mail::SpamAssassin(3)
PREREQUISITES
"Mail::SpamAssassin"
AUTHORS
The SpamAssassin(tm) Project (https://spamassassin.apache.org/)
LICENSE
SpamAssassin is distributed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, as described in the file "LICENSE"
included with the distribution.
perl v5.38.2 2024-04-12 SPAMD(8p)