Ubuntu Manpage: gfdl - GNU Free Documentation License

NAME

       gfdl - GNU Free Documentation License

DESCRIPTION

GNU Free Documentation License

Version 1.2, November 2002

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

0. PREAMBLE

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document
free in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License
preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered
responsible for modifications made by others.

This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative works of the document must
themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a
copyleft license designed for free software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software
needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that
the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any
textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We
recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the
copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants
a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions
stated herein. The ``Document'', below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public
is a licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute
the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.

A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it,
either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language.

A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals
exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's
overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that
overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section
may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with
the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political
position regarding them.

The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those
of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If
a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as
Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any
Invariant Sections then there are none.

The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-
Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover
Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.

A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose
specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs
or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup,
has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An
image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not
``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input
format, LaTeX input format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available @acronym{DTD},
and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML}, PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human
modification. Examples of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and
@acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or
processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML}, PostScript or
@acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for output purposes only.

The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are
needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works
in formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means the text near the most
prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.

A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ
or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ
stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'', ``Dedications'',
``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title'' of such a section when you modify the
Document means that it remains a section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.

The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License
applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty
Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.

2. VERBATIM COPYING

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially,
provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to
those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or
further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in
exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
conditions in section 3.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display
copies.

3. COPYING IN QUANTITY

If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of the Document,
numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the
front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly
identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all
words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in
addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first
ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either
include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each
Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access to
download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of
added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus
accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before
redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated
version of the Document.

4. MODIFICATIONS

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and
3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of
the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the
Modified Version:

A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and
from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History
section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original
publisher of that version gives permission.

B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of
the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors
of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release
you from this requirement.

C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher.

D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.

E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright
notices.

F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission
to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum
below.

G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts
given in the Document's license notice.

H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.

I. Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at
least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title
Page. If there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one stating the title,
year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.

J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent
copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous
versions it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section. You may omit a
network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or
if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.

K. For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve the Title of the
section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.

L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles.
Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.

M. Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section may not be included in the Modified
Version.

N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or to conflict in title with
any Invariant Section.

O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary
Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or
all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections
in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section
titles.

You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains nothing but endorsements of
your Modified Version by various parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text
has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a
Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one
entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you
may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their
names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms
defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of
the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant
Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty
Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant
Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same
name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it,
in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in
the license notice of the combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History'' in the various original
documents, forming one section Entitled ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled
``Acknowledgements'', and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all sections
Entitled ``Endorsements.''

6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License,
and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is
included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying
of each of the documents in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this
License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or
works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the
copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's
users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included an aggregate, this
License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works
of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the
Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the
Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
aggregate.

8. TRANSLATION

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document
under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant
Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warrany
Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the
original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the
translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version
will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the
requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
title.

9. TERMINATION

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for
under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have
received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so
long as such parties remain in full compliance.

10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License
from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that
a particular numbered version of this License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version
that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not
specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft)
by the Free Software Foundation.

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put
the following copyright and license notices just after the title page:

Copyright (C) <year> <your name>.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
Free Documentation License''.

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the ``with...Texts.''
line with this:

with the Invariant Sections being <list their titles>, with
the Front-Cover Texts being <list>, and with the Back-Cover Texts
being <list>.

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those
two alternatives to suit the situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in
parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
their use in free software.

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (c) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  59 Temple Place, Suite 330,  Boston,  MA   02111-1307,
       USA

       Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is
       not allowed.

gcc-3.3                                            2003-03-01                                            GFDL(7)

NAME

DESCRIPTION

SEE ALSO

COPYRIGHT