Provided by: erlang-manpages_25.3.2.8+dfsg-1ubuntu4.4_all 
NAME
filename - Filename manipulation functions.
DESCRIPTION
This module provides functions for analyzing and manipulating filenames. These functions are designed so
that the Erlang code can work on many different platforms with different filename formats. With filename
is meant all strings that can be used to denote a file. The filename can be a short relative name like
foo.erl, a long absolute name including a drive designator, a directory name like
D:\usr/local\bin\erl/lib\tools\foo.erl, or any variations in between.
In Windows, all functions return filenames with forward slashes only, even if the arguments contain
backslashes. To normalize a filename by removing redundant directory separators, use join/1.
The module supports raw filenames in the way that if a binary is present, or the filename cannot be
interpreted according to the return value of file:native_name_encoding/0, a raw filename is also
returned. For example, join/1 provided with a path component that is a binary (and cannot be interpreted
under the current native filename encoding) results in a raw filename that is returned (the join
operation is performed of course). For more information about raw filenames, see the file module.
Note:
Functionality in this module generally assumes valid input and does not necessarily fail on input that
does not use a valid encoding, but may instead very likely produce invalid output.
File operations used to accept filenames containing null characters (integer value zero). This caused the
name to be truncated and in some cases arguments to primitive operations to be mixed up. Filenames
containing null characters inside the filename are now rejected and will cause primitive file operations
to fail.
Warning:
Currently null characters at the end of the filename will be accepted by primitive file operations. Such
filenames are however still documented as invalid. The implementation will also change in the future and
reject such filenames.
EXPORTS
absname(Filename) -> file:filename_all()
Types:
Filename = file:name_all()
Converts a relative Filename and returns an absolute name. No attempt is made to create the
shortest absolute name, as this can give incorrect results on file systems that allow links.
Unix examples:
1> pwd().
"/usr/local"
2> filename:absname("foo").
"/usr/local/foo"
3> filename:absname("../x").
"/usr/local/../x"
4> filename:absname("/").
"/"
Windows examples:
1> pwd().
"D:/usr/local"
2> filename:absname("foo").
"D:/usr/local/foo"
3> filename:absname("../x").
"D:/usr/local/../x"
4> filename:absname("/").
"D:/"
absname(Filename, Dir) -> file:filename_all()
Types:
Filename = Dir = file:name_all()
Same as absname/1, except that the directory to which the filename is to be made relative is
specified in argument Dir.
absname_join(Dir, Filename) -> file:filename_all()
Types:
Dir = Filename = file:name_all()
Joins an absolute directory with a relative filename. Similar to join/2, but on platforms with
tight restrictions on raw filename length and no support for symbolic links, leading parent
directory components in Filename are matched against trailing directory components in Dir so they
can be removed from the result - minimizing its length.
basedir(PathType, Application) -> file:filename_all()
basedir(PathsType, Application) -> [file:filename_all()]
Types:
PathType = basedir_path_type()
PathsType = basedir_paths_type()
Application = string() | binary()
basedir_path_type() =
user_cache | user_config | user_data | user_log
basedir_paths_type() = site_config | site_data
Equivalent to basedir(PathType, Application, #{}) or basedir(PathsType, Application, #{}).
basedir(PathType, Application, Opts) -> file:filename_all()
basedir(PathsType, Application, Opts) -> [file:filename_all()]
Types:
PathType = basedir_path_type()
PathsType = basedir_paths_type()
Application = string() | binary()
Opts = basedir_opts()
basedir_path_type() =
user_cache | user_config | user_data | user_log
basedir_paths_type() = site_config | site_data
basedir_opts() =
#{author => string() | binary(),
os => windows | darwin | linux,
version => string() | binary()}
Returns a suitable path, or paths, for a given type. If os is not set in Opts the function will
default to the native option, that is 'linux', 'darwin' or 'windows', as understood by os:type/0.
Anything not recognized as 'darwin' or 'windows' is interpreted as 'linux'.
The options 'author' and 'version' are only used with 'windows' option mode.
* user_cache
The path location is intended for transient data files on a local machine.
On Linux: Respects the os environment variable XDG_CACHE_HOME.
1> filename:basedir(user_cache, "my_application", #{os=>linux}).
"/home/otptest/.cache/my_application"
1> filename:basedir(user_cache, "my_application", #{os=>darwin}).
"/home/otptest/Library/Caches/my_application"
1> filename:basedir(user_cache, "My App").
"c:/Users/otptest/AppData/Local/My App/Cache"
2> filename:basedir(user_cache, "My App").
"c:/Users/otptest/AppData/Local/My App/Cache"
3> filename:basedir(user_cache, "My App", #{author=>"Erlang"}).
"c:/Users/otptest/AppData/Local/Erlang/My App/Cache"
4> filename:basedir(user_cache, "My App", #{version=>"1.2"}).
"c:/Users/otptest/AppData/Local/My App/1.2/Cache"
5> filename:basedir(user_cache, "My App", #{author=>"Erlang",version=>"1.2"}).
"c:/Users/otptest/AppData/Local/Erlang/My App/1.2/Cache"
* user_config
The path location is intended for persistent configuration files.
On Linux: Respects the os environment variable XDG_CONFIG_HOME.
2> filename:basedir(user_config, "my_application", #{os=>linux}).
"/home/otptest/.config/my_application"
2> filename:basedir(user_config, "my_application", #{os=>darwin}).
"/home/otptest/Library/Application Support/my_application"
1> filename:basedir(user_config, "My App").
"c:/Users/otptest/AppData/Roaming/My App"
2> filename:basedir(user_config, "My App", #{author=>"Erlang", version=>"1.2"}).
"c:/Users/otptest/AppData/Roaming/Erlang/My App/1.2"
* user_data
The path location is intended for persistent data files.
On Linux: Respects the os environment variable XDG_DATA_HOME.
3> filename:basedir(user_data, "my_application", #{os=>linux}).
"/home/otptest/.local/my_application"
3> filename:basedir(user_data, "my_application", #{os=>darwin}).
"/home/otptest/Library/Application Support/my_application"
8> filename:basedir(user_data, "My App").
"c:/Users/otptest/AppData/Local/My App"
9> filename:basedir(user_data, "My App",#{author=>"Erlang",version=>"1.2"}).
"c:/Users/otptest/AppData/Local/Erlang/My App/1.2"
* user_log
The path location is intended for transient log files on a local machine.
On Linux: Respects the os environment variable XDG_CACHE_HOME.
4> filename:basedir(user_log, "my_application", #{os=>linux}).
"/home/otptest/.cache/my_application/log"
4> filename:basedir(user_log, "my_application", #{os=>darwin}).
"/home/otptest/Library/Logs/my_application"
12> filename:basedir(user_log, "My App").
"c:/Users/otptest/AppData/Local/My App/Logs"
13> filename:basedir(user_log, "My App",#{author=>"Erlang",version=>"1.2"}).
"c:/Users/otptest/AppData/Local/Erlang/My App/1.2/Logs"
* site_config
On Linux: Respects the os environment variable XDG_CONFIG_DIRS.
5> filename:basedir(site_config, "my_application", #{os=>linux}).
["/usr/local/share/my_application",
"/usr/share/my_application"]
6> os:getenv("XDG_CONFIG_DIRS").
"/etc/xdg/xdg-ubuntu:/usr/share/upstart/xdg:/etc/xdg"
7> filename:basedir(site_config, "my_application", #{os=>linux}).
["/etc/xdg/xdg-ubuntu/my_application",
"/usr/share/upstart/xdg/my_application",
"/etc/xdg/my_application"]
8> os:unsetenv("XDG_CONFIG_DIRS").
true
9> filename:basedir(site_config, "my_application", #{os=>linux}).
["/etc/xdg/my_application"]
5> filename:basedir(site_config, "my_application", #{os=>darwin}).
["/Library/Application Support/my_application"]
* site_data
On Linux: Respects the os environment variable XDG_DATA_DIRS.
10> os:getenv("XDG_DATA_DIRS").
"/usr/share/ubuntu:/usr/share/gnome:/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/"
11> filename:basedir(site_data, "my_application", #{os=>linux}).
["/usr/share/ubuntu/my_application",
"/usr/share/gnome/my_application",
"/usr/local/share/my_application",
"/usr/share/my_application"]
12> os:unsetenv("XDG_DATA_DIRS").
true
13> filename:basedir(site_data, "my_application", #{os=>linux}).
["/usr/local/share/my_application",
"/usr/share/my_application"]
5> filename:basedir(site_data, "my_application", #{os=>darwin}).
["/Library/Application Support/my_application"]
basename(Filename) -> file:filename_all()
Types:
Filename = file:name_all()
Returns the last component of Filename, or Filename itself if it does not contain any directory
separators.
Examples:
5> filename:basename("foo").
"foo"
6> filename:basename("/usr/foo").
"foo"
7> filename:basename("/").
[]
basename(Filename, Ext) -> file:filename_all()
Types:
Filename = Ext = file:name_all()
Returns the last component of Filename with extension Ext stripped. This function is to be used to
remove a (possible) specific extension. To remove an existing extension when you are unsure which
one it is, use rootname(basename(Filename)).
Examples:
8> filename:basename("~/src/kalle.erl", ".erl").
"kalle"
9> filename:basename("~/src/kalle.beam", ".erl").
"kalle.beam"
10> filename:basename("~/src/kalle.old.erl", ".erl").
"kalle.old"
11> filename:rootname(filename:basename("~/src/kalle.erl")).
"kalle"
12> filename:rootname(filename:basename("~/src/kalle.beam")).
"kalle"
dirname(Filename) -> file:filename_all()
Types:
Filename = file:name_all()
Returns the directory part of Filename.
Examples:
13> filename:dirname("/usr/src/kalle.erl").
"/usr/src"
14> filename:dirname("kalle.erl").
"."
5> filename:dirname("\\usr\\src/kalle.erl"). % Windows
"/usr/src"
extension(Filename) -> file:filename_all()
Types:
Filename = file:name_all()
Returns the file extension of Filename, including the period. Returns an empty string if no
extension exists.
Examples:
15> filename:extension("foo.erl").
".erl"
16> filename:extension("beam.src/kalle").
[]
flatten(Filename) -> file:filename_all()
Types:
Filename = file:name_all()
Converts a possibly deep list filename consisting of characters and atoms into the corresponding
flat string filename.
join(Components) -> file:filename_all()
Types:
Components = [file:name_all()]
Joins a list of filename Components with directory separators. If one of the elements of
Components includes an absolute path, such as "/xxx", the preceding elements, if any, are removed
from the result.
The result is "normalized":
* Redundant directory separators are removed.
* In Windows, all directory separators are forward slashes and the drive letter is in lower
case.
Examples:
17> filename:join(["/usr", "local", "bin"]).
"/usr/local/bin"
18> filename:join(["a/b///c/"]).
"a/b/c"
6> filename:join(["B:a\\b///c/"]). % Windows
"b:a/b/c"
join(Name1, Name2) -> file:filename_all()
Types:
Name1 = Name2 = file:name_all()
Joins two filename components with directory separators. Equivalent to join([Name1, Name2]).
nativename(Path) -> file:filename_all()
Types:
Path = file:name_all()
Converts Path to a form accepted by the command shell and native applications on the current
platform. On Windows, forward slashes are converted to backward slashes. On all platforms, the
name is normalized as done by join/1.
Examples:
19> filename:nativename("/usr/local/bin/"). % Unix
"/usr/local/bin"
7> filename:nativename("/usr/local/bin/"). % Windows
"\\usr\\local\\bin"
pathtype(Path) -> absolute | relative | volumerelative
Types:
Path = file:name_all()
Returns the path type, which is one of the following:
absolute:
The path name refers to a specific file on a specific volume.
Unix example: /usr/local/bin
Windows example: D:/usr/local/bin
relative:
The path name is relative to the current working directory on the current volume.
Example: foo/bar, ../src
volumerelative:
The path name is relative to the current working directory on a specified volume, or it is a
specific file on the current working volume.
Windows example: D:bar.erl, /bar/foo.erl
rootname(Filename) -> file:filename_all()
rootname(Filename, Ext) -> file:filename_all()
Types:
Filename = Ext = file:name_all()
Removes a filename extension. rootname/2 works as rootname/1, except that the extension is removed
only if it is Ext.
Examples:
20> filename:rootname("/beam.src/kalle").
"/beam.src/kalle"
21> filename:rootname("/beam.src/foo.erl").
"/beam.src/foo"
22> filename:rootname("/beam.src/foo.erl", ".erl").
"/beam.src/foo"
23> filename:rootname("/beam.src/foo.beam", ".erl").
"/beam.src/foo.beam"
split(Filename) -> Components
Types:
Filename = file:name_all()
Components = [file:name_all()]
Returns a list whose elements are the path components of Filename.
Examples:
24> filename:split("/usr/local/bin").
["/","usr","local","bin"]
25> filename:split("foo/bar").
["foo","bar"]
26> filename:split("a:\\msdev\\include").
["a:/","msdev","include"]
Ericsson AB stdlib 4.3.1.3 filename(3erl)