Provided by: libnet-patricia-perl_1.22-2build4_amd64 
NAME
Net::Patricia - Patricia Trie perl module for fast IP address lookups
SYNOPSIS
use Net::Patricia;
my $pt = new Net::Patricia;
$pt->add_string('127.0.0.0/8', \$user_data);
$pt->match_string('127.0.0.1');
$pt->match_exact_string('127.0.0.0');
$pt->match_integer(2130706433); # 127.0.0.1
$pt->match_exact_integer(2130706432, 8); # 127.0.0.0
$pt->remove_string('127.0.0.0/8');
$pt->climb(sub { print "climbing at node $_[0]\n" });
undef $pt; # automatically destroys the Patricia Trie
# IPv6 support:
$pt = new Net::Patricia AF_INET6;
$pt->add_string('2001:db8::/32');
$pt->add_string('2001:db8:0:dead::/64');
$pt->add_string('2001:db8:0:beef::/64');
$pt->climb(sub { print "climbing at node $_[0]\n" });
print $pt->match_string('2001:db8:0:dead::1'), "\n";
# IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses:
$pt->add_string('::ffff:0:0/96');
for my $cidr (qw( 192.0.2.0/24 192.0.2.0/25 192.0.2.128/25 )) {
my($ip, $len) = split(m|/|, $cidr);
$pt->add_string("::ffff:$ip/" .
(96+(defined($len)? $len : 32)), $cidr);
}
$pt->climb(sub { print "climbing at node $_[0]\n" });
print $pt->match_string("::ffff:" . "192.0.2.129"), "\n";
DESCRIPTION
This module uses a Patricia Trie data structure to quickly perform IP address prefix matching for
applications such as IP subnet, network or routing table lookups. The data structure is based on a radix
tree using a radix of two, so sometimes you see patricia implementations called "radix" as well. The
term "Trie" is derived from the word "retrieval" but is pronounced like "try". Patricia stands for
"Practical Algorithm to Retrieve Information Coded as Alphanumeric", and was first suggested for routing
table lookups by Van Jacobsen. Patricia Trie performance characteristics are well-known as it has been
employed for routing table lookups within the BSD kernel since the 4.3 Reno release.
The BSD radix code is thoroughly described in "TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2" by Wright and Stevens and in
the paper ``A Tree-Based Packet Routing Table for Berkeley Unix'' by Keith Sklower.
METHODS
new - create a new Net::Patricia object
$pt = new Net::Patricia;
This is the class' constructor - it returns a "Net::Patricia" object upon success or undef on
failure. The constructor takes an optional argument (of AF_INET or AF_INET6, defaulting to the
former), and creates a tree with address and mask values of that type as keys.
The "Net::Patricia" object will be destroyed automatically when there are no longer any references to
it.
add_string
$pt->add_string(key_string[,user_data]);
The first argument, key_string, is a network or subnet specification in canonical form, e.g.
"10.0.0.0/8", where the number after the slash represents the number of bits in the netmask. If no
mask width is specified, the longest possible mask is assumed, i.e. 32 bits for AF_INET addresses.
The second argument, user_data, is optional. If supplied, it should be a SCALAR value (which may be
a perl reference) specifying the user data that will be stored in the Patricia Trie node.
Subsequently, this value will be returned by the match methods described below to indicate a
successful search. Remember that perl references and objects are represented as SCALAR values and
therefore the user data can be complicated data objects.
If no second argument is passed, the key_string will be stored as the user data and therfore will
likewise be returned by the match functions.
On success, this method returns the user_data passed as the second argument or key_string if no user
data was specified. It returns undef on failure.
match_string
$pt->match_string(key_string);
This method searches the Patricia Trie to find a matching node, according to normal subnetting rules
for the address and mask specified.
The key_string argument is a network or subnet specification in canonical form, e.g. "10.0.0.0/8",
where the number after the slash represents the number of bits in the netmask. If no mask width
value is specified, the longest mask is assumed, i.e. 32 bits for AF_INET addresses.
If a matching node is found in the Patricia Trie, this method returns the user data for the node.
This method returns undef on failure.
match_exact_string
$pt->match_exact_string(key_string);
This method searches the Patricia Trie to find a matching node. Its semantics are exactly the same
as those described for "match_string" except that the key must match a node exactly. I.e. it is not
sufficient that the address and mask specified merely falls within the subnet specified by a
particular node.
match_integer
$pt->match_integer(integer[,mask_bits]);
This method searches the Patricia Trie to find a matching node, according to normal subnetting rules
for the address and mask specified. Its semantics are similar to those described for "match_string"
except that the key is specified using an integer (i.e. SCALAR), such as that returned by perl's
"unpack" function for values converted using the "N" (network-ordered long). Note that this argument
is not a packed network-ordered long.
Just to be completely clear, the integer argument should be a value of the sort produced by this
code:
use Socket;
$integer = unpack("N", inet_aton("10.0.0.0"));
match_exact_integer
$pt->match_exact_integer(integer[,mask_bits]);
This method searches the Patricia Trie to find a matching node. Its semantics are exactly the same
as "match_integer" except that the key must match a node exactly. I.e. it is not sufficient that the
address and mask specified merely falls within the subnet specified by a particular node.
remove_string
$pt->remove_string(key_string);
This method removes the node which exactly matches the the address and mask specified from the
Patricia Trie.
If the matching node is found in the Patricia Trie, it is removed, and this method returns the user
data for the node. This method returns undef on failure.
climb
$pt->climb([CODEREF]);
This method climbs the Patricia Trie, visiting each node as it does so. It performs a non-recursive,
"preorder" traversal.
The CODEREF argument is optional. It is a perl code reference used to specify a user-defined
subroutine to be called when visiting each node. The node's user data will be passed as the sole
argument to that subroutine.
This method returns the number of nodes successfully visited while climbing the Trie. That is,
without a CODEREF argument, it simply counts the number of nodes in the Patricia Trie.
Note that currently the return value from your CODEREF subroutine is ignored. In the future the
climb method may return the number of times your subroutine returned non-zero, as it is called once
per node. So, if you are currently relying on the climb return value to accurately report a count of
the number of nodes in the Patricia Trie, it would be prudent to have your subroutine return a non-
zero value.
This method is called climb() rather than walk() because climbing trees (and therfore tries) is a
more popular pass-time than walking them.
climb_inorder
$pt->climb_inorder([CODEREF]);
This method climbs the Patricia Trie, visiting each node in order as it does so. That is, it
performs an "inorder" traversal.
The CODEREF argument is optional. It is a perl code reference used to specify a user-defined
subroutine to be called when visiting each node. The node's user data will be passed as the sole
argument to that subroutine.
This method returns the number of nodes successfully visited while climbing the Trie. That is,
without a CODEREF argument, it simply counts the number of nodes in the Patricia Trie.
Note that currently the return value from your CODEREF subroutine is ignored. In the future the
climb method may return the number of times your subroutine returned non-zero, as it is called once
per node. So, if you are currently relying on the climb return value to accurately report a count of
the number of nodes in the Patricia Trie, it would be prudent to have your subroutine return a non-
zero value.
This method is called climb() rather than walk() because climbing trees (and therfore tries) is a
more popular pass-time than walking them.
Serialization
Net::Patricia trees, unlike many classes with XS-level data, can be frozen and thawed using Storable.
BUGS
When passing a CODEREF argument to the climb method, the return value from your CODEREF subroutine is
currently ignored. In the future the climb method may return the number of times your subroutine
returned non-zero, as it is called once per node. So, if you are currently relying on the climb return
value to accurately report a count of the number of nodes in the Patricia Trie, it would be prudent to
have your subroutine return a non-zero value.
AUTHOR
Dave Plonka <plonka@doit.wisc.edu> Philip Prindeville <philipp@redfish-solutions.com> Anton Berezin
<tobez@tobez.org>
Copyright (C) 2000-2005 Dave Plonka. Copyright (C) 2009 Dave Plonka & Philip Prindeville. This
program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.
This product includes software developed by the University of Michigan, Merit Network, Inc., and their
contributors. See the copyright file in the patricialib sub-directory of the distribution for details.
patricialib, the C library used by this perl extension, is an extracted version of MRT's patricia code
from radix.[ch], which was worked on by Masaki Hirabaru and Craig Labovitz. For more info on MRT see:
http://www.mrtd.net/
The MRT patricia code owes some heritage to GateD's radix code, which in turn owes something to the BSD
kernel.
SEE ALSO
perl(1), Socket, Net::Netmask, Text::Trie, Tree::Trie.
Tree::Radix and Net::RoutingTable are modules by Daniel Hagerty <hag@linnaean.org> written entirely in
perl, unlike this module. At the time of this writing, they are works-in-progress but may be available
at:
http://www.linnaean.org/~hag/
perl v5.38.2 2024-03-31 Patricia(3pm)