Provided by: libmail-message-perl_3.015-1_all bug

NAME

       Mail::Message::Body - the data of a body in a message

INHERITANCE

        Mail::Message::Body has extra code in
          Mail::Message::Body::Construct
          Mail::Message::Body::Encode

        Mail::Message::Body
          is a Mail::Reporter

        Mail::Message::Body is extended by
          Mail::Message::Body::File
          Mail::Message::Body::Lines
          Mail::Message::Body::Multipart
          Mail::Message::Body::Nested
          Mail::Message::Body::String

        Mail::Message::Body is realized by
          Mail::Message::Body::Delayed

SYNOPSIS

        my Mail::Message $msg = ...;
        my $body  = $msg->body;
        my @text  = $body->lines;
        my $text  = $body->string;
        my $file  = $body->file;  # IO::File
        $body->print(\*FILE);

        my $content_type = $body->type;
        my $transfer_encoding = $body->transferEncoding;
        my $encoded = $body->encode(mime_type => 'text/html',
           charset => 'us-ascii', transfer_encoding => 'none');\n";
        my $decoded = $body->decoded;

DESCRIPTION

       The encoding and decoding functionality of a Mail::Message::Body is implemented in the
       Mail::Message::Body::Encode package.  That package is automatically loaded when encoding and decoding of
       messages needs to take place.  Methods to simply build an process body objects are implemented in
       Mail::Message::Body::Construct.

       The body of a message (a Mail::Message object) is stored in one of the many body types.  The
       functionality of each body type is equivalent, but there are performance differences.  Each body type has
       its own documentation with details about its implementation.

       Extends "DESCRIPTION" in Mail::Reporter.

OVERLOADED

       overload: ""
           (stringification)  Returns  the  body  as  string  --which will trigger completion-- unless called to
           produce a string for "Carp".  The latter to avoid deep recursions.

           example: stringification of body

            print $msg->body;   # implicit by print

            my $body = $msg->body;
            my $x    = "$body"; # explicit by interpolation

       overload: '==' and '!='
           (numeric comparison) compares if two references point  to  the  same  message.   This  only  produces
           correct results is both arguments are message references within the same folder.

           example: use of numeric comparison on a body

            my $skip = $folder->message(3);
            foreach my $msg (@$folder)
            {   next if $msg == $skip;
                $msg->send;
            }

       overload: @{}
           When  a body object is used as being an array reference, the lines of the body are returned.  This is
           the same as using lines().

           example: using a body as array

            print $body->lines->[1];  # second line
            print $body->[1];         # same

            my @lines = $body->lines;
            my @lines = @$body;       # same

       overload: bool
           Always returns a true value, which is needed to have overloaded objects to be used as in "if($body)".
           Otherwise, "if(defined $body)" would be needed to avoid a runtime error.

METHODS

       Extends "METHODS" in Mail::Reporter.

   Constructors
       Extends "Constructors" in Mail::Reporter.

       $obj->clone()
           Return a copy of this body, usually to be included in a cloned  message.  Use  Mail::Message::clone()
           for a whole message.

       Mail::Message::Body->new(%options)
           BE WARNED that, what you specify here are encodings and such which are already in place.  The options
           will not trigger conversions.  When you need conversions, first create a body with options which tell
           what you've got, and then call encode() for what you need.

            -Option           --Defined in     --Default
             based_on                            undef
             charset                             'PERL'
             checked                             <false>
             content_id                          undef
             data                                undef
             description                         undef
             disposition                         undef
             eol                                 'NATIVE'
             file                                undef
             filename                            undef
             log                Mail::Reporter   'WARNINGS'
             message                             undef
             mime_type                           'text/plain'
             modified                            <false>
             trace              Mail::Reporter   'WARNINGS'
             transfer_encoding                   'none'

           based_on => BODY
             The  information  about  encodings  must  be  taken  from  the  specified  BODY,  unless  specified
             differently.

           charset => CHARSET|'PERL'|<undef>
             Defines the character-set which is used in the data.  Only useful in combination with a "mime_type"
             which refers to "text" in any shape, which does not contain  an  explicit  charset  already.   This
             field is case-insensitive.

             When a known CHARSET is provided and the mime-type says "text", then the data is expected to be raw
             octets  in  that  particular encoding (see Encode).  When 'PERL' is given, then then the data is in
             Perl's internal encoding; either cp1252 or utf8.  More details in "Character encoding PERL"

           checked => BOOLEAN
             Whether the added information has been check not to contain illegal  octets  with  respect  to  the
             transfer encoding and mime type.  If not checked, and then set as body for a message, it will be.

           content_id => STRING
             In  multipart/related  MIME  content,  the  content_id  is  required to allow access to the related
             content via a cid:<...> descriptor of an inline disposition.

             A  "Content-ID"  is  supposed  to  be  globally  unique.   As  such,  it  is   common   to   append
             '@computer.domain'  to  the  end  of some unique string.  As other content in the multipart/related
             container also needs to know what this "Content-ID" is, this should be left to the  imagination  of
             the person making the content (for now).

             As a MIME header field, the "Content-ID" string is expected to be inside angle brackets

           data => ARRAY-OF-LINES | STRING
             The  content  of the body.  The only way to set the content of a body is during the creation of the
             body.  So if you want to modify the content of a message, you need to create a new  body  with  the
             new  content  and add that to the body.  The reason behind this, is that correct encodings and body
             information must be guaranteed.  It avoids your hassle in calculating the number of  lines  in  the
             body, and checking whether bad characters are enclosed in text.

             Specify  a  reference  to an ARRAY of lines, each terminated by a newline.  Or one STRING which may
             contain multiple lines, separated and terminated by a newline.

           description => STRING|FIELD
             Informal information about the body content.  The data relates to the "Content-Description"  field.
             Specify a STRING which will become the field content, or a real FIELD.

           disposition => STRING|FIELD
             How  this message can be decomposed.  The data relates to the "Content-Disposition" field.  Specify
             a STRING which will become the field content, or a real FIELD.

             The content of this field is specified in RFC 1806.  The body of the  field  can  be  "inline",  to
             indicate  that  the body is intended to be displayed automatically upon display of the message. Use
             "attachment" to indicate that they are separate from the main body of the mail  message,  and  that
             their display should not be automatic, but contingent upon some further action of the user.

             The  "filename"  attribute specifies a name to which is suggested to the reader of the message when
             it is extracted.

           eol => 'CR'|'LF'|'CRLF'|'NATIVE'
             Convert the message into having the specified string as line terminator for all lines in the  body.
             "NATIVE"  is  used  to  represent  the  "\n"  on the current platform and will be translated in the
             applicable one.

             BE WARNED that folders with a non-native encoding may appear on  your  platform,  for  instance  in
             Windows folders handled from a UNIX system.  The eol encoding has effect on the size of the body!

           file => FILENAME|FILEHANDLE|IOHANDLE
             Read the data from the specified file, file handle, or object of type "IO::Handle".

           filename => FILENAME
             [3.001] Overrule/set filename for content-disposition

           log => LEVEL
           message => MESSAGE
             The message where this body belongs to.

           mime_type => STRING|FIELD|MIME
             The  type of data which is added.  You may specify a content of a header line as STRING, or a FIELD
             object.  You may also specify a MIME::Type object.  In any case, it will be kept  internally  as  a
             real field (a Mail::Message::Field object).  This relates to the "Content-Type" header field.

             A  mime-type  specification consists of two parts: a general class ("text", "image", "application",
             etc) and a specific sub-class.  Examples for specific classes with "text" are "plain", "html",  and
             "xml".  This field is case-insensitive but case preserving.  The default mime-type is "text/plain",

           modified => BOOLEAN
             Whether the body is flagged modified, directly from its creation.

           trace => LEVEL
           transfer_encoding => STRING|FIELD
             The  encoding that the data has.  If the data is to be encoded, than you will have to call encode()
             after the body is created.  That will return a new encoded body.  This  field  is  case-insensitive
             and relates to the "Content-Transfer-Encoding" field in the header.

           example:

            my $body = Mail::Message::Body::String->new(file => \*IN,
               mime_type => 'text/html; charset="ISO-8859-1"');

            my $body = Mail::Message::Body::Lines->new(data => ['first', $second],
               charset => 'ISO-10646', transfer_encoding => 'none');

            my $body = Mail::Message::Body::Lines->new(data => \@lines,
               transfer_encoding => 'base64');

            my $body = Mail::Message::Body::Lines->new(file => 'picture.gif',
               mime_type => 'image/gif', content_id => '<12345@example.com>',
               disposition => 'inline');

   Constructing a body
       $obj->attach($messages, %options)
           Inherited, see "Constructing a body" in Mail::Message::Body::Construct

       $obj->charsetDetect(%options)
           Inherited, see "Constructing a body" in Mail::Message::Body::Encode

       Mail::Message::Body->charsetDetectAlgorithm( [CODE|undef|METHOD] )
           Inherited, see "Constructing a body" in Mail::Message::Body::Encode

       $obj->check()
           Inherited, see "Constructing a body" in Mail::Message::Body::Encode

       $obj->concatenate($components)
           Inherited, see "Constructing a body" in Mail::Message::Body::Construct

       $obj->decoded(%options)
           Returns  a  body,  an  object  which  is  (a  sub-)class  of  a Mail::Message::Body, which contains a
           simplified representation of textual data.  The returned object may  be  the  object  where  this  is
           called on, but may also be a new body of any type.

            my $dec = $body->decoded;

           is equivalent with

            my $dec = $body->encode
              ( mime_type         => 'text/plain'
              , transfer_encoding => 'none'
              , charset           => 'PERL'
              );

           The  $dec  which  is returned is a body.  Ask with the mimeType() method what is produced.  This $dec
           body is not related to a header.

            -Option     --Default
             result_type  <same as current>

           result_type => CLASS
       $obj->encode(%options)
           Inherited, see "Constructing a body" in Mail::Message::Body::Encode

       $obj->encoded(%options)
           Inherited, see "Constructing a body" in Mail::Message::Body::Encode

       $obj->eol( ['CR'|'LF'|'CRLF'|'NATIVE'] )
           Returns the character (or characters) which are used to separate lines within this body.  When a kind
           of separator is specified, the body is translated to contain the specified line endings.

           example:

            my $body = $msg->decoded->eol('NATIVE');
            my $char = $msg->decoded->eol;

       $obj->foreachLine(CODE)
           Inherited, see "Constructing a body" in Mail::Message::Body::Construct

       $obj->stripSignature(%options)
           Inherited, see "Constructing a body" in Mail::Message::Body::Construct

       $obj->unify($body)
           Inherited, see "Constructing a body" in Mail::Message::Body::Encode

   The body
       $obj->isDelayed()
           Returns a true or false value, depending on whether the body of this message has been read from file.
           This can only false for a Mail::Message::Body::Delayed.

       $obj->isMultipart()
           Returns whether this message-body contains parts which are messages by themselves.

       $obj->isNested()
           Only   true   for   a   message    body    which    contains    exactly    one    sub-message:    the
           "Mail::Message::Body::Nested" body type.

       $obj->message( [$message] )
           Returns  the  message  (or  message  part) where this body belongs to, optionally setting it to a new
           $message first.  If "undef" is passed, the body will be disconnected from the message.

       $obj->partNumberOf($part)
           Returns  a  string  for   multiparts   and   nested,   otherwise   an   error.    It   is   used   in
           Mail::Message::partNumber().

   About the payload
       $obj->charset()
           Returns  the  character  set which is used in the text body as string.  This is part of the result of
           what the "type" method returns.

       $obj->checked( [BOOLEAN] )
           Returns whether the body encoding has been checked or not (optionally after setting the flag to a new
           value).

       $obj->contentId( [STRING|$field] )
           Returns (optionally after setting) the id (unique reference) of a message part.  The  related  header
           field  is  "Content-ID".  A Mail::Message::Field object is returned (which stringifies into the field
           content).  The field content will be "none" if no disposition was specified.

           The argument can be a STRING (which is converted into a field), or a fully prepared header $field.

       $obj->description( [STRING|$field] )
           Returns (optionally after setting) the informal description of the body content.  The related  header
           field  is  "Content-Description".   A Mail::Message::Field object is returned (which stringifies into
           the field content).  The field content will be "none" if no disposition was specified.

           The argument can be a STRING (which is converted into a field), or a fully prepared header field.

       $obj->disposition( [STRING|$field] )
           Returns (optionally after setting) how the message can be disposed (unpacked).   The  related  header
           field  is  "Content-Disposition".   A Mail::Message::Field object is returned (which stringifies into
           the field content).  The field content will be "none" if no disposition was specified.

           The argument can be a STRING (which is converted into a field), or a fully prepared header field.

       $obj->dispositionFilename( [$directory] )
           Inherited, see "About the payload" in Mail::Message::Body::Encode

       $obj->isBinary()
           Inherited, see "About the payload" in Mail::Message::Body::Encode

       $obj->isText()
           Inherited, see "About the payload" in Mail::Message::Body::Encode

       $obj->mimeType()
           Returns a MIME::Type object which is related to this body's  type.   This  differs  from  the  "type"
           method, which results in a Mail::Message::Field.

           example:

            if($body->mimeType eq 'text/html') {...}
            print $body->mimeType->simplified;

       $obj->nrLines()
           Returns  the  number of lines in the message body.  For multi-part messages, this includes the header
           lines and boundaries of all the parts.

       $obj->size()
           The total number of bytes in the message body. The size of the body is computed in the  shape  it  is
           in.  For  example, if this is a base64 encoded message, the size of the encoded data is returned; you
           may want to call Mail::Message::decoded() first.

       $obj->transferEncoding( [STRING|$field] )
           Returns the transfer-encoding of the data within this body as Mail::Message::Field (which stringifies
           to its content).  If it needs to be changed, call  the  encode()  or  Mail::Message::Body  subroutine
           ecoded method.  When no encoding is present, the field contains the text "none".

           The  optional  STRING  or  $field  enforces  a  new  encoding  to be set, without the actual required
           translations.

           example:

            my $transfer = $msg->decoded->transferEncoding;
            $transfer->print;   # --> Content-Encoding: base64
            print $transfer;    # --> base64

            if($msg->body->transferEncoding eq 'none') {...}

       $obj->type( [STRING|$field] )
           Returns the type of information the body contains as Mail::Message::Field object.  The type is  taken
           from  the  header field "Content-Type". If the header did not contain that field, then you will get a
           default field containing "text/plain".

           You usually can  better  use  mimeType(),  because  that  will  return  a  clever  object  with  type
           information.

           example:

            my $msg     = $folder->message(6);
            $msg->get('Content-Type')->print;
               # --> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"

            my $content = $msg->decoded;
            my $type    = $content->type;

            print "This is a $type message\n";
               # --> This is a text/plain; charset="us-ascii" message

            print "This is a ", $type->body, "message\n";
               # --> This is a text/plain message

            print "Comment: ", $type->comment, "\n";
               # --> Comment: charset="us-ascii"

   Access to the payload
       $obj->endsOnNewline()
           Returns  whether the last line of the body is terminated by a new-line (in transport it will become a
           CRLF).  An empty body will return true as well: the newline comes from the line before it.

       $obj->file()
           Return the content of the body as a file handle.  The returned stream  may  be  a  real  file,  or  a
           simulated  file  in  any  form  that  Perl  supports.  While you may not be able to write to the file
           handle, you can read from it.

           WARNING: Even if the file handle supports writing, do not write to the file handle. If you  do,  some
           of the internal values of the Mail::Message::Body may not be updated.

       $obj->lines()
           Return  the  content  of  the body as a list of lines (in LIST context) or a reference to an array of
           lines (in SCALAR context).  In scalar context the array of lines is cached to avoid needless  copying
           and therefore provide much faster access for large messages.

           To  just  get  the  number of lines in the body, use the nrLines() method, which is usually much more
           efficient.

           BE WARNED: For some types of bodies the reference will refer to  the  original  data.  You  must  not
           change   the  referenced  data!  If  you  do,  some  of  the  essential  internal  variables  of  the
           Mail::Message::Body may not be updated.

           example:

            my @lines    = $body->lines;     # copies lines
            my $line3    = ($body->lines)[3] # only one copy
            print $lines[0];

            my $linesref = $body->lines;     # reference to originals
            my $line3    = $body->lines->[3] # only one copy (faster)
            print $linesref->[0];

            print $body->[0];                # by overloading

       $obj->print( [$fh] )
           Print the body to the specified $fh (defaults to the selected handle).  The handle may be a GLOB,  an
           IO::File object, or... any object with a "print()" method will do.  Nothing useful is returned.

       $obj->printEscapedFrom($fh)
           Print  the  body  to  the  specified  $fh  but all lines which start with 'From ' (optionally already
           preceded by >'s) will habe an > added in front.  Nothing useful is returned.

       $obj->string()
           Return the content of the body as a scalar (a single string).  This is a copy of the internally  kept
           information.

           example:

            my $text = $body->string;
            print "Body: $body\n";     # by overloading

       $obj->stripTrailingNewline()
           Remove  the  newline from the last line, or the last line if it does not contain anything else than a
           newline.

       $obj->write(%options)
           Write the content of the body to a file.  Be warned that you may  want  to  decode  the  body  before
           writing it!

            -Option  --Default
             filename  <required>

           filename => FILENAME

           example: write the data to a file

            use File::Temp;
            my $fn = tempfile;
            $message->decoded->write(filename => $fn)
               or die "Couldn't write to $fn: $!\n";

           example: using the content-disposition information to write

            use File::Temp;
            my $dir = tempdir; mkdir $dir or die;
            my $fn  = $message->body->dispositionFilename($dir);
            $message->decoded->write(filename => $fn)
               or die "Couldn't write to $fn: $!\n";

   Internals
       $obj->addTransferEncHandler( $name, <$class|$object> )
       Mail::Message::Body->addTransferEncHandler( $name, <$class|$object> )
           Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message::Body::Encode

       $obj->contentInfoFrom($head)
           Transfer the body related info from the header into this body.

       $obj->contentInfoTo($head)
           Copy the content information (the "Content-*" fields) into the specified $head.  The body was created
           from raw data without the required information, which must be added.  See also contentInfoFrom().

       $obj->fileLocation( [$begin, $end] )
           The  location  of  the body in the file.  Returned a list containing begin and end.  The begin is the
           offsets of the first byte if the folder used for this body.  The end is the offset of the first  byte
           of the next message.

       $obj->getTransferEncHandler($type)
           Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message::Body::Encode

       $obj->isModified()
           Returns whether the body has changed.

       $obj->load()
           Be sure that the body is loaded.  This returns the loaded body.

       $obj->modified( [BOOLEAN] )
           Change  the  body modification flag.  This will force a re-write of the body to a folder file when it
           is closed.  It is quite dangerous to change the body: the same body may be  shared  between  messages
           within your program.

           Especially  be warned that you have to change the message-id when you change the body of the message:
           no two messages should have the same id.

           Without value, the current setting is returned, although you can better use isModified().

       $obj->moveLocation( [$distance] )
           Move the registration of the message to a new location over  $distance.   This  is  called  when  the
           message is written to a new version of the same folder-file.

       $obj->read( $parser, $head, $bodytype, [$chars, [$lines]] )
           Read the body with the $parser from file. The implementation of this method will differ between types
           of bodies.  The $bodytype argument is a class name or a code reference of a routine which can produce
           a class name, and is used in multipart bodies to determine the type of the body for each part.

           The  $chars argument is the estimated number of bytes in the body, or "undef" when this is not known.
           This data can sometimes be derived from the header (the "Content-Length" line) or file-size.

           The second argument is the estimated number of $lines of the body.  It is less useful than the $chars
           but may be of help determining whether the message separator is trustworthy.  This value may be found
           in the "Lines" field of the header.

   Error handling
       Extends "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter.

       $obj->AUTOLOAD()
           When an unknown method is called on a  message  body  object,  this  may  not  be  problematic.   For
           performance reasons, some methods are implemented in separate files, and only demand-loaded.  If this
           delayed compilation of additional modules does not help, an error will be produced.

       $obj->addReport($object)
           Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter

       $obj->defaultTrace( [$level]|[$loglevel, $tracelevel]|[$level, $callback] )
       Mail::Message::Body->defaultTrace( [$level]|[$loglevel, $tracelevel]|[$level, $callback] )
           Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter

       $obj->errors()
           Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter

       $obj->log( [$level, [$strings]] )
       Mail::Message::Body->log( [$level, [$strings]] )
           Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter

       $obj->logPriority($level)
       Mail::Message::Body->logPriority($level)
           Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter

       $obj->logSettings()
           Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter

       $obj->notImplemented()
           Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter

       $obj->report( [$level] )
           Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter

       $obj->reportAll( [$level] )
           Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter

       $obj->trace( [$level] )
           Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter

       $obj->warnings()
           Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter

   Cleanup
       Extends "Cleanup" in Mail::Reporter.

       $obj->DESTROY()
           Inherited, see "Cleanup" in Mail::Reporter

DETAILS

   Access to the body
       A body can be contained in a message, but may also live without a message.  In both cases it stores data,
       and  the same questions can be asked: what type of data it is, how many bytes and lines, what encoding is
       used.  Any body can be encoded and decoded, returning a new body object.  However, bodies which are  part
       of a message will always be in a shape that they can be written to a file or send to somewhere: they will
       be encoded if needed.

       . Example

        my $body    = Mail::Message::Body::String->new(mime_type => 'image/gif');
        $body->print(\*OUT);    # this is binary image data...

        my $encoded = $message->body($body);
        $encoded->print(\*OUT); # ascii data, encoded image

       Now  encoded  refers  to the body of the $message which is the content of $body in a shape that it can be
       transmitted.  Usually "base64" encoding is used.

   Body class implementation
       The body of a message can be stored in many ways.  Roughly, the  implementations  can  be  split  in  two
       groups: the data collectors and the complex bodies. The primer implement various ways to access data, and
       are  full compatible: they only differ in performance and memory footprint under different circumstances.
       The latter are created to handle complex multiparts and lazy extraction.

       Data collector bodies

       •   Mail::Message::Body::String

           The whole message body is stored in one scalar.  Small messages can be  contained  this  way  without
           performance penalties.

       •   Mail::Message::Body::Lines

           Each  line  of  the  message  body is stored as single scalar.  This is a useful representation for a
           detailed look in the message body, which is usually line-organized.

       •   Mail::Message::Body::File

           The message body is stored in an external temporary file.  This type of storage is especially  useful
           when the body is large, the total folder is large, or memory is limited.

       •   Mail::Message::Body::InFolder

           NOT  IMPLEMENTED  YET.   The message is kept in the folder, and is only taken out when the content is
           changed.

       •   Mail::Message::Body::External

           NOT IMPLEMENTED YET.  The message is kept in a separate file, usually because  the  message  body  is
           large.   The  difference  with  the  "::External" object is that this external storage stays this way
           between closing and opening of a folder. The "::External" object only uses a file when the folder  is
           open.

       Complex bodies

       •   Mail::Message::Body::Delayed

           The  message-body  is not yet read, but the exact location of the body is known so the message can be
           read when needed.  This is part of the lazy extraction mechanism.  Once  extracted,  the  object  can
           become any simple or complex body.

       •   Mail::Message::Body::Multipart

           The  message  body  contains  a  set of sub-messages (which can contain multipart bodies themselves).
           Each sub-message is an instance of Mail::Message::Part, which is an extension of Mail::Message.

       •   Mail::Message::Body::Nested

           Nested messages, like "message/rfc822": they contain a message in the  body.   For  most  code,  they
           simply behave like multiparts.

   Character encoding PERL
       A  body  object  can  be  part  of  a  message,  or  stand-alone.  In case it is a part of a message, the
       "transport encoding" and the content must be in a shape that the data can be transported via SMTP.

       However, when you want to process the body data in simple Perl (or when you construct the body data  from
       normal  Perl strings), you need to be aware of Perl's internal representation of strings. That can either
       be cp1252 (extended latin1) or utf8 (not real UTF-8, but something  alike,  see  the  perlunicode  manual
       page)  So, before you start using the data from an incoming message, do

           my $body  = $msg->decoded;
           my @lines = $body->lines;

       Now, the body has character-set 'PERL' (when it is text)

       When  you create a new body which contains text content (the default), it will be created with character-
       set 'PERL' unless you specify a character-set explicitly.

          my $body = Mail::Box::Body::Lines->new(data => \@lines);
          # now mime=text/plain, charset=PERL

          my $msg  = Mail::Message->buildFromBody($body);
          $msg->body($body);
          $msg->attach($body);   # etc
          # these all will convert the charset=PERL into real utf-8,
          # cp1252 or us-ascii, which depends on the characters found.

       Autodetection of character-set

       This "Body" object represents data as part of an existing message, or to become part of a  message.   The
       body can be in two states:

       1. ready to be processed textually, using Perl's string operations
       2. raw bytes read or to be written

       In  the  first  case,  the body content has no transfer encoding on it ("none"), and the character-set is
       "PERL".  In the second version, the body may have transfer encoding and has an (IANA listed)  charset  on
       it (defaults to "us-ascii")

       Using  encode()  (maybe via Mail::Message::Body subroutine decode), you can convert bodies from one state
       into a different one.  In one go, you can change the transfer-encoding, the character-set, or whether  it
       is in PERL string format or raw (in bytes).

       [3.013] A serious problem is created when a conversion is needed, while the input or output character-set
       is  not  explicitly  known.   The  email RFCs state that the default is "us-ascii".  However, in the real
       world it can be anything.  Therefore, in such situations autodetection kicks in.

       1.  When a Body is read (using Mail::Message::read() and friends), the character-set may  stay  undefined
           until  transfer-decoding  has  been  applicied.   At  that  moment,  (configurable auto-detection) is
           applied;

       2.  When a Body is created witin the program, without specific character-set, it will use 'PERL';

       3.  When a Body is written, the requested character-set is not specified, and the  current  character-set
           is "PERL", then auto-dectection is used.  This may result in "us-ascii", "cp1252" and "utf-8";

       4.  In all other cases, the character-set is known so "easy".

DIAGNOSTICS

       Warning: Charset $name is not known
           The  encoding  or  decoding  of  a message body encounters a character set which is not understood by
           Perl's Encode module.

       Warning: No decoder defined for transfer encoding $name.
           The data (message body) is encoded in a way which is not currently understood, therefore no  decoding
           (or recoding) can take place.

       Warning: No encoder defined for transfer encoding $name.
           The  data (message body) has been decoded, but the required encoding is unknown.  The decoded data is
           returned.

       Error: Package $package does not implement $method.
           Fatal error: the specific package (or one of its superclasses) does not implement this  method  where
           it  should.  This  message means that some other related classes do implement this method however the
           class at hand does not.  Probably you should investigate this and probably inform the author  of  the
           package.

       Warning: Unknown line terminator $eol ignored

SEE ALSO

       This  module  is  part  of  Mail-Message distribution version 3.015, built on December 11, 2023. Website:
       http://perl.overmeer.net/CPAN/

LICENSE

       Copyrights 2001-2023 by [Mark Overmeer <markov@cpan.org>]. For other contributors see ChangeLog.

       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under  the  same  terms  as  Perl
       itself.  See http://dev.perl.org/licenses/

perl v5.36.0                                       2023-12-11                           Mail::Message::Body(3pm)