Provided by: libappconfig-perl_1.71-2.3_all 
NAME
AppConfig::State - application configuration state
SYNOPSIS
use AppConfig::State;
my $state = AppConfig::State->new(\%cfg);
$state->define("foo"); # very simple variable definition
$state->define("bar", \%varcfg); # variable specific configuration
$state->define("foo|bar=i@"); # compact format
$state->set("foo", 123); # trivial set/get examples
$state->get("foo");
$state->foo(); # shortcut variable access
$state->foo(456); # shortcut variable update
OVERVIEW
AppConfig::State is a Perl5 module to handle global configuration variables for perl programs. It
maintains the state of any number of variables, handling default values, aliasing, validation, update
callbacks and option arguments for use by other AppConfig::* modules.
AppConfig::State is distributed as part of the AppConfig bundle.
DESCRIPTION
USING THE AppConfig::State MODULE
To import and use the AppConfig::State module the following line should appear in your Perl script:
use AppConfig::State;
The AppConfig::State module is loaded automatically by the new() constructor of the AppConfig module.
AppConfig::State is implemented using object-oriented methods. A new AppConfig::State object is created
and initialised using the new() method. This returns a reference to a new AppConfig::State object.
my $state = AppConfig::State->new();
This will create a reference to a new AppConfig::State with all configuration options set to their
default values. You can initialise the object by passing a reference to a hash array containing
configuration options:
$state = AppConfig::State->new( {
CASE => 1,
ERROR => \&my_error,
} );
The new() constructor of the AppConfig module automatically passes all parameters to the AppConfig::State
new() constructor. Thus, any global configuration values and variable definitions for AppConfig::State
are also applicable to AppConfig.
The following configuration options may be specified.
CASE
Determines if the variable names are treated case sensitively. Any non-zero value makes case
significant when naming variables. By default, CASE is set to 0 and thus "Variable", "VARIABLE" and
"VaRiAbLe" are all treated as "variable".
CREATE
By default, CREATE is turned off meaning that all variables accessed via set() (which includes access
via shortcut such as "$state->variable($value)" which delegates to set()) must previously have been
defined via define(). When CREATE is set to 1, calling set($variable, $value) on a variable that
doesn't exist will cause it to be created automatically.
When CREATE is set to any other non-zero value, it is assumed to be a regular expression pattern. If
the variable name matches the regex, the variable is created. This can be used to specify
configuration file blocks in which variables should be created, for example:
$state = AppConfig::State->new( {
CREATE => '^define_',
} );
In a config file:
[define]
name = fred # define_name gets created automatically
[other]
name = john # other_name doesn't - warning raised
Note that a regex pattern specified in CREATE is applied to the real variable name rather than any
alias by which the variables may be accessed.
PEDANTIC
The PEDANTIC option determines what action the configuration file (AppConfig::File) or argument
parser (AppConfig::Args) should take on encountering a warning condition (typically caused when
trying to set an undeclared variable). If PEDANTIC is set to any true value, the parsing methods
will immediately return a value of 0 on encountering such a condition. If PEDANTIC is not set, the
method will continue to parse the remainder of the current file(s) or arguments, returning 0 when
complete.
If no warnings or errors are encountered, the method returns 1.
In the case of a system error (e.g. unable to open a file), the method returns undef immediately,
regardless of the PEDANTIC option.
ERROR
Specifies a user-defined error handling routine. When the handler is called, a format string is
passed as the first parameter, followed by any additional values, as per printf(3C).
DEBUG
Turns debugging on or off when set to 1 or 0 accordingly. Debugging may also be activated by calling
_debug() as an object method ("$state->_debug(1)") or as a package function
(AppConfig::State::_debug(1)), passing in a true/false value to set the debugging state accordingly.
The package variable $AppConfig::State::DEBUG can also be set directly.
The _debug() method returns the current debug value. If a new value is passed in, the internal value
is updated, but the previous value is returned.
Note that any AppConfig::File or App::Config::Args objects that are instantiated with a reference to
an App::State will inherit the DEBUG (and also PEDANTIC) values of the state at that time.
Subsequent changes to the AppConfig::State debug value will not affect them.
GLOBAL
The GLOBAL option allows default values to be set for the DEFAULT, ARGCOUNT, EXPAND, VALIDATE and
ACTION options for any subsequently defined variables.
$state = AppConfig::State->new({
GLOBAL => {
DEFAULT => '<undef>', # default value for new vars
ARGCOUNT => 1, # vars expect an argument
ACTION => \&my_set_var, # callback when vars get set
}
});
Any attributes specified explicitly when a variable is defined will override any GLOBAL values.
See "DEFINING VARIABLES" below which describes these options in detail.
DEFINING VARIABLES
The "define()" function is used to pre-declare a variable and specify its configuration.
$state->define("foo");
In the simple example above, a new variable called "foo" is defined. A reference to a hash array may
also be passed to specify configuration information for the variable:
$state->define("foo", {
DEFAULT => 99,
ALIAS => 'metavar1',
});
Any variable-wide GLOBAL values passed to the new() constructor in the configuration hash will also be
applied. Values explicitly specified in a variable's define() configuration will override the respective
GLOBAL values.
The following configuration options may be specified
DEFAULT
The DEFAULT value is used to initialise the variable.
$state->define("drink", {
DEFAULT => 'coffee',
});
print $state->drink(); # prints "coffee"
ALIAS
The ALIAS option allows a number of alternative names to be specified for this variable. A single
alias should be specified as a string. Multiple aliases can be specified as a reference to an array
of alternatives or as a string of names separated by vertical bars, '|'. e.g.:
# either
$state->define("name", {
ALIAS => 'person',
});
# or
$state->define("name", {
ALIAS => [ 'person', 'user', 'uid' ],
});
# or
$state->define("name", {
ALIAS => 'person|user|uid',
});
$state->user('abw'); # equivalent to $state->name('abw');
ARGCOUNT
The ARGCOUNT option specifies the number of arguments that should be supplied for this variable. By
default, no additional arguments are expected for variables (ARGCOUNT_NONE).
The ARGCOUNT_* constants can be imported from the AppConfig module:
use AppConfig ':argcount';
$state->define('foo', { ARGCOUNT => ARGCOUNT_ONE });
or can be accessed directly from the AppConfig package:
use AppConfig;
$state->define('foo', { ARGCOUNT => AppConfig::ARGCOUNT_ONE });
The following values for ARGCOUNT may be specified.
ARGCOUNT_NONE (0)
Indicates that no additional arguments are expected. If the variable is identified in a
confirguration file or in the command line arguments, it is set to a value of 1 regardless of
whatever arguments follow it.
ARGCOUNT_ONE (1)
Indicates that the variable expects a single argument to be provided. The variable value will be
overwritten with a new value each time it is encountered.
ARGCOUNT_LIST (2)
Indicates that the variable expects multiple arguments. The variable value will be appended to
the list of previous values each time it is encountered.
ARGCOUNT_HASH (3)
Indicates that the variable expects multiple arguments and that each argument is of the form
"key=value". The argument will be split into a key/value pair and inserted into the hash of
values each time it is encountered.
ARGS
The ARGS option can also be used to specify advanced command line options for use with
AppConfig::Getopt, which itself delegates to Getopt::Long. See those two modules for more
information on the format and meaning of these options.
$state->define("name", {
ARGS => "=i@",
});
EXPAND
The EXPAND option specifies how the AppConfig::File processor should expand embedded variables in the
configuration file values it reads. By default, EXPAND is turned off (EXPAND_NONE) and no expansion
is made.
The EXPAND_* constants can be imported from the AppConfig module:
use AppConfig ':expand';
$state->define('foo', { EXPAND => EXPAND_VAR });
or can be accessed directly from the AppConfig package:
use AppConfig;
$state->define('foo', { EXPAND => AppConfig::EXPAND_VAR });
The following values for EXPAND may be specified. Multiple values should be combined with vertical
bars , '|', e.g. "EXPAND_UID | EXPAND_VAR").
EXPAND_NONE
Indicates that no variable expansion should be attempted.
EXPAND_VAR
Indicates that variables embedded as $var or $(var) should be expanded to the values of the
relevant AppConfig::State variables.
EXPAND_UID
Indicates that '~' or '~uid' patterns in the string should be expanded to the current users ($<),
or specified user's home directory. In the first case, "~" is expanded to the value of the
"HOME" environment variable. In the second case, the "getpwnam()" method is used if it is
available on your system (which it isn't on Win32).
EXPAND_ENV
Inidicates that variables embedded as ${var} should be expanded to the value of the relevant
environment variable.
EXPAND_ALL
Equivalent to "EXPAND_VARS | EXPAND_UIDS | EXPAND_ENVS").
EXPAND_WARN
Indicates that embedded variables that are not defined should raise a warning. If PEDANTIC is
set, this will cause the read() method to return 0 immediately.
VALIDATE
Each variable may have a sub-routine or regular expression defined which is used to validate the
intended value for a variable before it is set.
If VALIDATE is defined as a regular expression, it is applied to the value and deemed valid if the
pattern matches. In this case, the variable is then set to the new value. A warning message is
generated if the pattern match fails.
VALIDATE may also be defined as a reference to a sub-routine which takes as its arguments the name of
the variable and its intended value. The sub-routine should return 1 or 0 to indicate that the value
is valid or invalid, respectively. An invalid value will cause a warning error message to be
generated.
If the GLOBAL VALIDATE variable is set (see GLOBAL in DESCRIPTION above) then this value will be used
as the default VALIDATE for each variable unless otherwise specified.
$state->define("age", {
VALIDATE => '\d+',
});
$state->define("pin", {
VALIDATE => \&check_pin,
});
ACTION
The ACTION option allows a sub-routine to be bound to a variable as a callback that is executed
whenever the variable is set. The ACTION is passed a reference to the AppConfig::State object, the
name of the variable and the value of the variable.
The ACTION routine may be used, for example, to post-process variable data, update the value of some
other dependant variable, generate a warning message, etc.
Example:
$state->define("foo", { ACTION => \&my_notify });
sub my_notify {
my $state = shift;
my $var = shift;
my $val = shift;
print "$variable set to $value";
}
$state->foo(42); # prints "foo set to 42"
Be aware that calling "$state->set()" to update the same variable from within the ACTION function
will cause a recursive loop as the ACTION function is repeatedly called.
DEFINING VARIABLES USING THE COMPACT FORMAT
Variables may be defined in a compact format which allows any ALIAS and ARGS values to be specified as
part of the variable name. This is designed to mimic the behaviour of Johan Vromans' Getopt::Long
module.
Aliases for a variable should be specified after the variable name, separated by vertical bars, '|'. Any
ARGS parameter should be appended after the variable name(s) and/or aliases.
The following examples are equivalent:
$state->define("foo", {
ALIAS => [ 'bar', 'baz' ],
ARGS => '=i',
});
$state->define("foo|bar|baz=i");
READING AND MODIFYING VARIABLE VALUES
AppConfig::State defines two methods to manipulate variable values:
set($variable, $value);
get($variable);
Both functions take the variable name as the first parameter and "set()" takes an additional parameter
which is the new value for the variable. "set()" returns 1 or 0 to indicate successful or unsuccessful
update of the variable value. If there is an ACTION routine associated with the named variable, the
value returned will be passed back from "set()". The "get()" function returns the current value of the
variable.
Once defined, variables may be accessed directly as object methods where the method name is the same as
the variable name. i.e.
$state->set("verbose", 1);
is equivalent to
$state->verbose(1);
Without parameters, the current value of the variable is returned. If a parameter is specified, the
variable is set to that value and the result of the set() operation is returned.
$state->age(29); # sets 'age' to 29, returns 1 (ok)
VARLIST
The varlist() method can be used to extract a number of variables into a hash array. The first parameter
should be a regular expression used for matching against the variable names.
my %vars = $state->varlist("^file"); # all "file*" variables
A second parameter may be specified (any true value) to indicate that the part of the variable name
matching the regex should be removed when copied to the target hash.
$state->file_name("/tmp/file");
$state->file_path("/foo:/bar:/baz");
my %vars = $state->varlist("^file_", 1);
# %vars:
# name => /tmp/file
# path => "/foo:/bar:/baz"
INTERNAL METHODS
The interal (private) methods of the AppConfig::State class are listed below.
They aren't intended for regular use and potential users should consider the fact that nothing about the
internal implementation is guaranteed to remain the same. Having said that, the AppConfig::State class
is intended to co-exist and work with a number of other modules and these are considered "friend"
classes. These methods are provided, in part, as services to them. With this acknowledged co-operation
in mind, it is safe to assume some stability in this core interface.
The _varname() method can be used to determine the real name of a variable from an alias:
$varname->_varname($alias);
Note that all methods that take a variable name, including those listed below, can accept an alias and
automatically resolve it to the correct variable name. There is no need to call _varname() explicitly to
do alias expansion. The _varname() method will fold all variables names to lower case unless CASE
sensititvity is set.
The _exists() method can be used to check if a variable has been defined:
$state->_exists($varname);
The _default() method can be used to reset a variable to its default value:
$state->_default($varname);
The _expand() method can be used to determine the EXPAND value for a variable:
print "$varname EXPAND: ", $state->_expand($varname), "\n";
The _argcount() method returns the value of the ARGCOUNT attribute for a variable:
print "$varname ARGCOUNT: ", $state->_argcount($varname), "\n";
The _validate() method can be used to determine if a new value for a variable meets any validation
criteria specified for it. The variable name and intended value should be passed in. The methods
returns a true/false value depending on whether or not the validation succeeded:
print "OK\n" if $state->_validate($varname, $value);
The _pedantic() method can be called to determine the current value of the PEDANTIC option.
print "pedantic mode is ", $state->_pedantic() ? "on" ; "off", "\n";
The _debug() method can be used to turn debugging on or off (pass 1 or 0 as a parameter). It can also be
used to check the debug state, returning the current internal value of $AppConfig::State::DEBUG. If a
new debug value is provided, the debug state is updated and the previous state is returned.
$state->_debug(1); # debug on, returns previous value
The _dump_var($varname) and _dump() methods may also be called for debugging purposes.
$state->_dump_var($varname); # show variable state
$state->_dump(); # show internal state and all vars
AUTHOR
Andy Wardley, <abw@wardley.org>
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 1997-2007 Andy Wardley. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright (C) 1997,1998 Canon Research Centre Europe Ltd.
This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl
itself.
SEE ALSO
AppConfig, AppConfig::File, AppConfig::Args, AppConfig::Getopt
perl v5.36.0 2023-09-28 AppConfig::State(3pm)