Provided by: freebsd-manpages_12.2-1_all 
NAME
rename — change the name of a file
LIBRARY
Standard C Library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdio.h>
int
rename(const char *from, const char *to);
int
renameat(int fromfd, const char *from, int tofd, const char *to);
DESCRIPTION
The rename() system call causes the link named from to be renamed as to. If to exists, it is first
removed. Both from and to must be of the same type (that is, both directories or both non-directories),
and must reside on the same file system.
The rename() system call guarantees that if to already exists, an instance of to will always exist, even
if the system should crash in the middle of the operation.
If the final component of from is a symbolic link, the symbolic link is renamed, not the file or
directory to which it points.
If from and to resolve to the same directory entry, or to different directory entries for the same
existing file, rename() returns success without taking any further action.
The renameat() system call is equivalent to rename() except in the case where either from or to specifies
a relative path. If from is a relative path, the file to be renamed is located relative to the directory
associated with the file descriptor fromfd instead of the current working directory. If the to is a
relative path, the same happens only relative to the directory associated with tofd. If the renameat()
is passed the special value AT_FDCWD in the fromfd or tofd parameter, the current working directory is
used in the determination of the file for the respective path parameter.
RETURN VALUES
The rename() function returns the value 0 if successful; otherwise the value -1 is returned and the
global variable errno is set to indicate the error.
ERRORS
The rename() system call will fail and neither of the argument files will be affected if:
[ENAMETOOLONG] A component of either pathname exceeded 255 characters, or the entire length of either
path name exceeded 1023 characters.
[ENOENT] A component of the from path does not exist, or a path prefix of to does not exist.
[EACCES] A component of either path prefix denies search permission.
[EACCES] The requested link requires writing in a directory with a mode that denies write
permission.
[EACCES] The directory pointed at by the from argument denies write permission, and the
operation would move it to another parent directory.
[EPERM] The file pointed at by the from argument has its immutable, undeletable or append-only
flag set, see the chflags(2) manual page for more information.
[EPERM] The parent directory of the file pointed at by the from argument has its immutable or
append-only flag set.
[EPERM] The parent directory of the file pointed at by the to argument has its immutable flag
set.
[EPERM] The directory containing from is marked sticky, and neither the containing directory
nor from are owned by the effective user ID.
[EPERM] The file pointed at by the to argument exists, the directory containing to is marked
sticky, and neither the containing directory nor to are owned by the effective user
ID.
[ELOOP] Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating either pathname.
[ENOTDIR] A component of either path prefix is not a directory.
[ENOTDIR] The from argument is a directory, but to is not a directory.
[EISDIR] The to argument is a directory, but from is not a directory.
[EXDEV] The link named by to and the file named by from are on different logical devices (file
systems). Note that this error code will not be returned if the implementation
permits cross-device links.
[ENOSPC] The directory in which the entry for the new name is being placed cannot be extended
because there is no space left on the file system containing the directory.
[EDQUOT] The directory in which the entry for the new name is being placed cannot be extended
because the user's quota of disk blocks on the file system containing the directory
has been exhausted.
[EIO] An I/O error occurred while making or updating a directory entry.
[EINTEGRITY] Corrupted data was detected while reading from the file system.
[EROFS] The requested link requires writing in a directory on a read-only file system.
[EFAULT] Path points outside the process's allocated address space.
[EINVAL] The from argument is a parent directory of to, or an attempt is made to rename ‘.’ or
‘..’.
[ENOTEMPTY] The to argument is a directory and is not empty.
[ECAPMODE] rename() was called and the process is in capability mode.
In addition to the errors returned by the rename(), the renameat() may fail if:
[EBADF] The from argument does not specify an absolute path and the fromfd argument is neither
AT_FDCWD nor a valid file descriptor open for searching, or the to argument does not
specify an absolute path and the tofd argument is neither AT_FDCWD nor a valid file
descriptor open for searching.
[ENOTDIR] The from argument is not an absolute path and fromfd is neither AT_FDCWD nor a file
descriptor associated with a directory, or the to argument is not an absolute path and
tofd is neither AT_FDCWD nor a file descriptor associated with a directory.
[ECAPMODE] AT_FDCWD is specified and the process is in capability mode.
[ENOTCAPABLE] path is an absolute path or contained a ".." component leading to a directory outside
of the directory hierarchy specified by fromfd or tofd.
[ENOTCAPABLE] The fromfd file descriptor lacks the CAP_RENAMEAT_SOURCE right, or the tofd file
descriptor lacks the CAP_RENAMEAT_TARGET right.
SEE ALSO
chflags(2), open(2), symlink(7)
STANDARDS
The rename() system call is expected to conform to ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996 (“POSIX.1”). The renameat()
system call follows The Open Group Extended API Set 2 specification.
HISTORY
The renameat() system call appeared in FreeBSD 8.0.
Debian March 30, 2020 RENAME(2)