Provided by: coturn_4.6.1-1build4_amd64 
GENERAL INFORMATION
A set of turnutils_* programs provides some utility functionality to be used for testing and for setting
up the TURN server.
1. turnutils_uclient: emulates multiple UDP,TCP,TLS or DTLS clients. (this program is provided for
the testing purposes only !) The compiled binary image of this program is located in bin/
sub-directory.
2. turnutils_peer: a simple stateless UDP-only "echo" server, to be used as the final server in relay
pattern ("peer"). For every incoming UDP packet, it simply echoes it back. (this program is
provided for the testing purposes only !) When the test clients are communicating in the
client-to-client manner (when the "turnutils_uclient" program is used with "-y" option) then the
turnutils_peer is not needed.
The compiled binary image of this program is located in bin/ subdirectory.
3. turnutils_stunclient: a simple STUN client example. The compiled binary image of this program is
located in bin/ subdirectory.
4. turnutils_rfc5769check: a utility that checks the correctness of the STUN/TURN protocol
implementation. This utility is used only for the compilation check procedure, it is not copied to
the installation destination.
In the "examples/scripts" subdirectory, you will find the examples of command lines to be used to run the
programs. The scripts are meant to be run from examples/ subdirectory, for example:
$ cd examples
$ ./scripts/secure_relay.sh
5. turnutils_natdiscovery: a utility that provides NAT behavior discovery according RFC5780. This
utility discovers the actual NAT Mapping and Filtering behavior, etc. Be aware that on TURN server
side two different listening IP addresses should be configured to be able to work properly!
6. turnutils_oauth: a utility that provides OAuth access_token generation(AEAD encryption),
validation and decryption. This utility inputs all the keys and lifetimes and any related
information that needed for creation and validationi of an access_token. It outputs a JSON with
all OAuth PoP parameters that need to pass to the client. Output is generated accoriding RFC7635
Appendix B, Figure 8.
For more details, and for the access_token structure, read rfc7635, and see script in
examples/scripts/oauth.sh.
=====================================
NAME
turnutils_uclient - this client emulation application is supplied for the test purposes only.
SYNOPSIS
$ turnutils_uclient [-tTSvsyhcxg] [options] <TURN-Server-IP-address>
DESCRIPTION
It was designed to simulate multiple clients. It uses asynch IO API in libevent to handle multiple
clients. A client connects to the relay, negotiates the session, and sends multiple (configured number)
messages to the server (relay), expecting the same number of replies. The length of the messages is
configurable. The message is an arbitrary octet stream. The number of the messages to send is
configurable.
Flags:
-t Use TCP for communications between client and TURN server (default is UDP).
-b Use SCTP for communications between client and TURN server (default is UDP).
-T Use TCP for the relay transport (default - UDP). Implies options -t, -y, -c, and ignores flags and
options -s, -e, -r and -g. Can be used together with -b.
-P Passive TCP (RFC6062 with active peer). Implies -T.
-S Secure SSL connection: SSL/TLS for TCP, DTLS for UDP, TLS/SCTP for SCTP.
-U Secure unencrypted connection (suite eNULL): SSL/TLS for TCP, DTLS for UDP.
-v Verbose.
-s Use "Send" method in TURN; by default, it uses TURN Channels.
-y Use client-to-client connections: RTP/RTCP pair of channels to another RTP/RTCP pair of channels.
with this option the turnutils_peer application is not used, as the allocated relay endpoints are
talking to each other.
-h Hang on indefinitely after the last sent packet.
-c Do not create rtcp connections.
-x Request IPv6 relay address (RFC6156).
-X IPv4 relay address explicitly requested.
-g Set DONT_FRAGMENT parameter in TURN requests.
-D Do mandatory channel padding even for UDP (like pjnath).
-N do negative tests (some limited cases only).
-R do negative protocol tests.
-O DOS attack mode.
-M Use TURN ICE Mobility.
-I Do not set permissions on TURN relay endpoints (for testing the non-standard server relay
functionality).
-G Generate extra requests (create permissions, channel bind).
-B Random disconnect after a few initial packets.
-Z Dual allocation (SSODA). Implies -c option.
-J Use oAuth with default test key kid='north'.
Options with required values:
-l Message length (Default: 100 Bytes).
-i Certificate file (for secure connections only, optional).
-k Private key file (for secure connections only).
-E CA file for server certificate verification, if the server certificate to be verified.
-p TURN Server port (Defaults: 3478 unsecure, 5349 secure).
-n Number of messages to send (Default: 5).
-d Local interface device (optional, Linux only).
-L Local IP address (optional).
-m Number of clients (Default: 1, 2 or 4, depending on options).
-e Peer address.
-r Peer port (Default: 3480).
-z Per-session packet interval in milliseconds (Default: 20).
-u STUN/TURN user name.
-w STUN/TURN user password.
-W TURN REST API secret. The "plain text" secret e.g. "north" that is stored in the value column of
the turn_secret table in the database if dynamic, or the static-auth-secret value set in the
configuration file if using static.
-C This is the timestamp/username separator symbol (character) in TURN REST API. The default value is
:.
-F Cipher suite for TLS/DTLS. Default value is DEFAULT.
-o the ORIGIN STUN attribute value.
-a Bandwidth for the bandwidth request in ALLOCATE. The default value is zero.
See the examples in the "examples/scripts" directory.
======================================
NAME
turnutils_peer - a simple UDP-only echo backend server.
SYNOPSIS
$ turnutils_peer [-v] [options]
DESCRIPTION
This application is used for the test purposes only, as a peer for the turnutils_uclient application.
Options with required values:
-p Listening UDP port (Default: 3480).
-d Listening interface device (optional)
-L Listening address of turnutils_peer server. Multiple listening addresses can be used, IPv4 and
IPv6. If no listener address(es) defined, then it listens on all IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
-v Verbose
========================================
NAME
turnutils_stunclient - a basic STUN client.
SYNOPSIS
$ turnutils_stunclient [options] <STUN-Server-IP-address>
DESCRIPTION
It sends a "new" STUN RFC 5389 request (over UDP) and shows the reply information.
Options with required values:
-p STUN server port (Default: 3478).
-L Local address to use (optional).
-f Force RFC 5780 processing.
The turnutils_stunclient program checks the results of the first request, and if it finds that the STUN
server supports RFC 5780 (the binding response reveals that) then the turnutils_stunclient makes a couple
more requests with different parameters, to demonstrate the NAT discovery capabilities.
This utility does not support the "old" "classic" STUN protocol (RFC 3489).
=====================================
NAME
turnutils_rfc5769check - a utility that tests the correctness of STUN protocol implementation.
SYNOPSIS
$ turnutils_rfc5769check
DESCRIPTION
turnutils_rfc5769check tests the correctness of STUN protocol implementation against the test vectors
predefined in RFC 5769 and prints the results of the tests on the screen. This utility is used only for
the compilation check procedure, it is not copied to the installation destination.
Usage:
$ turnutils_rfc5769check
=====================================
NAME
turnutils_natdiscovery - a utility that discovers NAT mapping and filtering behavior according RFC5780.
SYNOPSIS
$ turnutils_natdiscovery [options] <STUN-Server-FQDN-or-IP-address>
DESCRIPTION
turnutils_natdiscovery discovers the NAT Mapping and Filtering behavior, to determine if that NAT is
currently using Endpoint-Independent, Address-Dependent, or Address and Port-Dependent Mapping and/or to
determine if that NAT is currently using Endpoint-Independent, Address-Dependent, or Address and
Port-Dependent Filtering.
Use either -m, -f, -c, -H flag to discover NAT behavior.
Flags:
-m NAT mapping behavior discovery
-f NAT filtering behavior discovery
-t NAT mapping lifetime behavior discovery Requires a timer (-T)
-c NAT collision behavior discovery
-H NAT hairpinning behavior discovery
-P Add 1500 byte Padding to the behavior discovery Applicable with all except NAT mapping Lifetime
discovery
Options with required values:
-p STUN server port (Default: 3478)
-L Local address to use (optional)
-l Local port to use (use with -L)
-A Secondary Local address (optional) Required for collision discovery
-T Mapping lifetime timer (sec) Used by mapping lifetime behavior discovery
Usage:
$ turnutils_natdiscovery -m -f stun.example.com
=====================================
NAME
turnutils_oauth - a utility that helps OAuth access_token generation/encryption and validation/decyption
SYNOPSIS
$ turnutils_oauth [options]
DESCRIPTION
turnutils_oauth utilitiy provides help in OAuth access_token encryption and/or decryption with AEAD
(Atuthenticated Encryption with Associated Data). It helps for an Auth Server in access_token creation,
and also for debugging purposes it helps the access_token validation and decryption. This utility inputs
all the keys and lifetimes and any related information that are needed for encryption or decryption of an
access_token. It outputs a JSON with all OAuth PoP parameters that need to pass to the client. Output is
generated accoriding RFC7635 Appendix B, Figure 8. This utility could help to build an Auth Server
service, but be awere that this utility does not generate "session key" / "mac_key" and not verifies
lifetime of "session key" / "mac_key" or "Auth key". For more details, and for the access_token
structure, read rfc7635, and see the example in examples/scripts/oauth.sh.
Use either -e and/or -d flag to encrypt or decrypt access_token.
Flags:
-h, --help
usage
-v, --verbose
verbose mode
-e, --encrypt
encrypt token
-d, --decrypt
decrypt validate token
Options with required values:
-i, --server-name
server name (max. 255 char)
-j, --auth-key-id
Auth key id (max. 32 char)
-k, --auth-key
base64 encoded Auth key
-l --auth-key-timestamp Auth key timestamp (sec since epoch)
-m, --auth-key-lifetime
Auth key lifetime in sec
-n, --auth-key-as-rs-alg
Authorization Server(AS) - Resource Server(RS) encryption algorithm
-o, --token-nonce
base64 encoded nonce base64(12 octet) = 16 char
-p, --token-mac-key
base64 encoded MAC key base64(32 octet) = 44 char
-q, --token-timestamp
timestamp in format 64 bit unsigned (Native format - Unix), so 48 bit for secs since epoch UTC +
16 bit for 1/64000 fractions of a second. e.g.: the actual unixtimestamp 16 bit left shifted.
(Default: actual gmtime)
-r, --token-lifetime
lifetime in sec (Default: 3600)
-t, --token
base64 encoded encrypted token for validation and decryption
-u, --hmac-alg
stun client hmac algorithm
Usage:
$ turnutils_natdiscovery
===================================
DOCS
After installation, run the command:
$ man turnutils
or in the project root directory:
$ man -M man turnutils
to see the man page.
=====================================
FILES
/etc/turnserver.conf
/var/db/turndb
/usr/local/var/db/turndb
/var/lib/turn/turndb
/usr/local/etc/turnserver.conf
=================================
DIRECTORIES
/usr/local/share/turnserver
/usr/local/share/doc/turnserver
/usr/local/share/examples/turnserver
===================================
STANDARDS
new STUN RFC 5389
TURN RFC 5766
TURN-TCP extension RFC 6062
TURN IPv6 extension RFC 6156
STUN/TURN test vectors RFC 5769
STUN NAT behavior discovery RFC 5780
====================================
SEE ALSO
turnserver, turnadmin
======================================
WEB RESOURCES
project page:
https://github.com/coturn/coturn/
Wiki page:
https://github.com/coturn/coturn/wiki
forum:
https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups=#!forum/turn-server-project-rfc5766-turn-server/
======================================
AUTHORS
Oleg Moskalenko <mom040267@gmail.com>
Gabor Kovesdan http://kovesdan.org/
Daniel Pocock http://danielpocock.com/
John Selbie (jselbie@gmail.com)
Lee Sylvester <lee@designrealm.co.uk>
Erik Johnston <erikj@openmarket.com>
Roman Lisagor <roman@demonware.net>
Vladimir Tsanev <tsachev@gmail.com>
Po-sheng Lin <personlin118@gmail.com>
Peter Dunkley <peter.dunkley@acision.com>
Mutsutoshi Yoshimoto <mutsutoshi.yoshimoto@mixi.co.jp>
Federico Pinna <fpinna@vivocha.com>
Bradley T. Hughes <bradleythughes@fastmail.fm>
Mihály Mészáros <misi@majd.eu>
ACTIVE MAINTAINERS
Mihály Mészáros <misi@majd.eu>
05 June 2021 TURN(1)