Ubuntu Manpage: ssldump - dump SSL traffic on a network

NAME

       ssldump - dump SSL traffic on a network

SYNOPSIS

       ssldump [ -aAdeFHjnNPqtTvxXyz ] [ -i interface ]
               [ -k keyfile ] [ -l sslkeylogfile ] [ -p password ] [ -r dumpfile ] [ -w outputpcap ]
               [ -S [crypto|d|ht|H|nroff] ] [ expression ]

DESCRIPTION

ssldump is an SSL/TLS network protocol analyzer. It identifies TCP connections on the chosen network
interface and attempts to interpret them as SSL/TLS traffic. When it identifies SSL/TLS traffic, it
decodes the records and displays them in a textual form to stdout. If provided with the appropriate
keying material, it will also decrypt the connections and display the application data traffic. It
supports various version of SSL/TLS up to TLS version 1.3. It also includes support for JSON output or
JA3 support.

ssldump has been originally tested on FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, and HP/UX. ssldump has mainly a new build
process and it's mainly tested on different Linux flavors. Since it's based on PCAP, it should work on
most platforms. However, unlike tcpdump, ssldump needs to be able to see both sides of the data
transmission so you may have trouble using it with network taps such as SunOS nit that don't permit you
to see transmitted data. Under SunOS with nit or bpf: To run ssldump you must have read access to
/dev/nit or /dev/bpf*. Under Solaris with dlpi: You must have read access to the network pseudo device,
e.g. /dev/le. Under HP-UX with dlpi: You must be root or it must be installed setuid to root. Under
IRIX with snoop: You must be root or it must be installed setuid to root. Under Linux: You must be root
or it must be installed setuid to root. Under Ultrix and Digital UNIX: Once the super-user has enabled
promiscuous-mode operation using pfconfig(8), any user may run ssldump Under BSD: You must have read
access to /dev/bpf*.

OPTIONS

-a Print bare TCP ACKs (useful for observing Nagle behavior).

-A Print all record fields (by default ssldump chooses the most interesting fields).

-d Display the application data traffic. This usually means decrypting it, but when -d is used
ssldump will also decode application data traffic before the SSL session initiates. This allows
you to see HTTPS CONNECT behavior as well as SMTP STARTTLS. As a side effect, since ssldump can't
tell whether plaintext is traffic before the initiation of an SSL connection or just a regular TCP
connection, this allows you to use ssldump to sniff any TCP connection. ssldump will
automatically detect ASCII data and display it directly to the screen. non-ASCII data is displayed
as hex dumps. See also -X.

-e Print absolute timestamps instead of relative timestamps.

-F Specify the number of packets after which a connection pool cleaning is performed (in packets,
default: 100).

-H Print the full SSL packet header.

-i interface
Use interface as the network interface on which to sniff SSL/TLS traffic.

-j Switch output format to JSON. Only stdout is affected by this toggle.

-k keyfile
Use keyfile as the location of the SSL keyfile (OpenSSL format) Previous versions of ssldump
automatically looked in ./server.pem. Now you must specify your keyfile every time.

-l sslkeylogfile
Use sslkeylogfile as the location of the SSLKEYLOGFILE (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
US/docs/Mozilla/Projects/NSS/Key_Log_Format).

-n Don't try to resolve host names from IP addresses.

-N Attempt to parse ASN.1 when it appears, such as in certificates and DNs.

-p password
Use password as the SSL keyfile password.

-P Don't put the interface into promiscuous mode.

-q Don't decode any record fields beyond a single summary line. (quiet mode).

-r file
Read data from file instead of from the network. The old -f option still works but is deprecated
and will probably be removed with the next version.

-S [ crypto | d | ht | H ]
Specify SSL flags to ssldump. These flags include:

crypto Print cryptographic information.

d Print fields as decoded.

ht Print the handshake type.

H Print handshake type and highlights.

-t Specify the TTL for inactive connections referenced in the connection pool (in seconds, default:
100).

-T Print the TCP headers.

-v Display version and copyright information.

-w outputpcap
Use outputpcap as the destination for decrypted packets.

-x Print each record in hex, as well as decoding it.

-X When the -d option is used, binary data is automatically printed in two columns with a hex dump on
the left and the printable characters on the right. -X suppresses the display of the printable
characters, thus making it easier to cut and paste the hex data into some other program.

-y Decorate the output for processing with nroff/troff. Not very useful for the average user.

-z Add timestamp in front of TCP packet description (-T)

expression
Selects what packets ssldump will examine. Technically speaking, ssldump supports the full
expression syntax from PCAP and tcpdump. In fact, the description here is cribbed from the
tcpdump man page. However, since ssldump needs to examine full TCP streams, most of the tcpdump
expressions will select traffic mixes that ssldump will simply ignore. Only the expressions which
don't result in incomplete TCP streams are listed here.

The expression consists of one or more primitives. Primitives usually consist of an id (name or
number) preceded by one or more qualifiers. There are three different kinds of qualifier:

type qualifiers say what kind of thing the id name or number refers to. Possible types are
host, net and port. E.g., `host foo', `net 128.3', `port 20'. If there is no type
qualifier, host is assumed.

dir qualifiers specify a particular transfer direction to and/or from id. Possible directions
are src, dst, src or dst and src and dst. E.g., `src foo', `dst net 128.3', `src or dst
port ftp-data'. If there is no dir qualifier, src or dst is assumed. For `null' link
layers (i.e. point to point protocols such as slip) the inbound and outbound qualifiers can
be used to specify a desired direction.

More complex filter expressions are built up by using the words and, or and not to combine
primitives. E.g., `host foo and not port ftp and not port ftp-data'. To save typing, identical
qualifier lists can be omitted. E.g., `tcp dst port ftp or ftp-data or domain' is exactly the
same as `tcp dst port ftp or tcp dst port ftp-data or tcp dst port domain'.

Allowable primitives are:

dst host host
True if the IPv4/v6 destination field of the packet is host, which may be either an address
or a name.

src host host
True if the IPv4/v6 source field of the packet is host.

host host
True if either the IPv4/v6 source or destination of the packet is host. Any of the above
host expressions can be prepended with the keywords, ip, arp, rarp, or ip6 as in:
ip host host
which is equivalent to:
ether proto \ip and host host
If host is a name with multiple IP addresses, each address will be checked for a match.

ether dst ehost
True if the ethernet destination address is ehost. Ehost may be either a name from
/etc/ethers or a number (see ethers(3N) for numeric format).

ether src ehost
True if the ethernet source address is ehost.

ether host ehost
True if either the ethernet source or destination address is ehost.

gateway host
True if the packet used host as a gateway. I.e., the ethernet source or destination
address was host but neither the IP source nor the IP destination was host. Host must be a
name and must be found in both /etc/hosts and /etc/ethers. (An equivalent expression is
ether host ehost and not host host
which can be used with either names or numbers for host / ehost.) This syntax does not
work in IPv6-enabled configuration at this moment.

dst net net
True if the IPv4/v6 destination address of the packet has a network number of net. Net may
be either a name from /etc/networks or a network number (see networks(4) for details).

src net net
True if the IPv4/v6 source address of the packet has a network number of net.

net net
True if either the IPv4/v6 source or destination address of the packet has a network number
of net.

net net mask mask
True if the IP address matches net with the specific netmask. May be qualified with src or
dst. Note that this syntax is not valid for IPv6 net.

net net/len
True if the IPv4/v6 address matches net a netmask len bits wide. May be qualified with src
or dst.

dst port port
True if the packet is ip/tcp, ip/udp, ip6/tcp or ip6/udp and has a destination port value
of port. The port can be a number or a name used in /etc/services (see tcp(4P) and
udp(4P)). If a name is used, both the port number and protocol are checked. If a number
or ambiguous name is used, only the port number is checked (e.g., dst port 513 will print
both tcp/login traffic and udp/who traffic, and port domain will print both tcp/domain and
udp/domain traffic).

src port port
True if the packet has a source port value of port.

port port
True if either the source or destination port of the packet is port. Any of the above port
expressions can be prepended with the keywords, tcp or udp, as in:
tcp src port port
which matches only tcp packets whose source port is port.

Primitives may be combined using:

A parenthesized group of primitives and operators (parentheses are special to the Shell and
must be escaped).

Negation (`!' or `not').

Concatenation (`&&' or `and').

Alternation (`||' or `or').

Negation has highest precedence. Alternation and concatenation have equal precedence and
associate left to right. Note that explicit and tokens, not juxtaposition, are now required for
concatenation.

If an identifier is given without a keyword, the most recent keyword is assumed. For example,
not host vs and ace
is short for
not host vs and host ace
which should not be confused with
not ( host vs or ace )

Expression arguments can be passed to ssldump as either a single argument or as multiple
arguments, whichever is more convenient. Generally, if the expression contains Shell
metacharacters, it is easier to pass it as a single, quoted argument. Multiple arguments are
concatenated with spaces before being parsed.

EXAMPLES

       To listen to traffic on interface le0 port 443:
              ssldump -i le0 port 443

       To listen to traffic to the server romeo on port 443:
              ssldump -i le0 port 443 and host romeo:

       To switch output format to JSON:
              ssldump -ANH -j -i le0 port 443 and host romeo

       To decrypt traffic to host romeo server.pem and the password foobar:
              ssldump -Ad -k ~/server.pem -p foobar -i le0 host romeo

OUTPUT FORMAT

All output is printed to standard out.

ssldump prints an indication of every new TCP connection using a line like the following

New TCP connection #2: iromeo.rtfm.com(2302) <-> sr1.rtfm.com(4433)

The host which send the first SYN is printed on the left and the host which responded is printed on the
right. Ordinarily, this means that the SSL client will be printed on the left with the SSL server on the
right. In this case we have a connection from iromeo.rtfm.com (port 2303) to sr1.rtfm.com (port 4433). To
allow the user to disentangle traffic from different connections, each connection is numbered. This is
connection 2.

The printout of each SSL record begins with a record line. This line contains the connection and record
number, a timestamp, and the record type, as in the following:

2 3 0.2001 (0.0749) S>C Handshake Certificate

This is record 3 on connection 2. The first timestamp is the time since the beginning of the connection.
The second is the time since the previous record. Both are in seconds.

The next field in the record line is the direction that the record was going. C>S indicates records
transmitted from client to server and S>C indicates records transmitted from server to client. ssldump
assumes that the host to transmit the first SYN is the SSL client (this is nearly always correct).

The next field is the record type, one of Handshake, IAlert, ChangeCipherSpec, or application_data.
Finally, ssldump may print record-specific data on the rest of the line. For Handshake records, it prints
the handshake message. Thus, this record is a Certificate message.

ssldump chooses certain record types for further decoding. These are the ones that have proven to be most
useful for debugging:

ClientHello - version, offered cipher suites, session id
if provided)
ServerHello - version, session_id, chosen cipher suite,
compression method
Alert - type and level (if obtainable)

Fuller decoding of the various records can be obtained by using the -A , -d , -k and -p flags.

DECRYPTION

       ssldump can decrypt traffic between two hosts if the following two conditions are met:
              1. ssldump has the keys.
              2. Static RSA was used.
       In any other case, once encryption starts, ssldump will only  be  able  to  determine  the  record  type.
       Consider the following section of a trace.

       1 5  0.4129 (0.1983)  C>S  Handshake      ClientKeyExchange
       1 6  0.4129 (0.0000)  C>S  ChangeCipherSpec
       1 7  0.4129 (0.0000)  C>S  Handshake
       1 8  0.5585 (0.1456)  S>C  ChangeCipherSpec
       1 9  0.6135 (0.0550)  S>C  Handshake
       1 10 2.3121 (1.6986)  C>S  application_data
       1 11 2.5336 (0.2214)  C>S  application_data
       1 12 2.5545 (0.0209)  S>C  application_data
       1 13 2.5592 (0.0046)  S>C  application_data
       1 14 2.5592 (0.0000)  S>C  Alert

       Note  that  the  ClientKeyExchange  message type is printed but the rest of the Handshake messages do not
       have types. These are the Finished messages, but because they are encrypted ssldump only knows that  they
       are  of  type  Handshake.  Similarly, had the Alert in record 14 happened during the handshake, it's type
       and level would have been printed. However, since it is encrypted we can only tell that it is an alert.

BUGS

       Please send bug reports to https://github.com/adulau/ssldump

       The TCP reassembler is not perfect. No attempt is made to reassemble IP fragments and the 3-way handshake
       and close handshake are imperfectly implemented. In practice, this turns out not to be much of a problem.

       Support is provided for only for Ethernet and loopback interfaces because that's all that I have. If  you
       have  another  kind  of  network you will need to modify pcap_cb in base/pcap-snoop.c. If you have direct
       experience with ssldump on other networks, please send me patches.

       ssldump doesn't implement session caching and therefore can't decrypt resumed sessions.

AUTHOR

       ssldump was originally written by Eric Rescorla <ekr@rtfm.com>. Maintained by a bunch of volunteers,  see
       https://github.com/adulau/ssldump/blob/master/CREDITS   -  Copyright  (C)  2015-2023  the  aforementioned
       volunteers

                                         14th August 2023 - version 1.8                               SSLDUMP(1)