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PROLOG
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux implementation of this interface
may differ (consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface
may not be implemented on Linux.
NAME
qmsg — send message to batch jobs
SYNOPSIS
qmsg [-EO] message_string job_identifier...
DESCRIPTION
To send a message to a batch job is to request that a server write a message string into one or more
output files of the batch job. A message is sent to a batch job by a request to the batch server that
manages the batch job. The qmsg utility is a user-accessible batch client that requests the sending of
messages to one or more batch jobs.
The qmsg utility shall write messages into the files of batch jobs by sending a Job Message Request to
the batch server that manages the batch job. The qmsg utility shall not directly write the message into
the files of the batch job.
The qmsg utility shall send a Job Message Request for those batch jobs, and only those batch jobs, for
which a batch job_identifier is presented to the utility.
The qmsg utility shall send Job Message Requests for batch jobs in the order in which their batch
job_identifiers are presented to the utility.
If the qmsg utility fails to process any batch job_identifier successfully, the utility shall proceed to
process the remaining batch job_identifiers, if any.
The qmsg utility shall not exit before a Job Message Request has been sent to the server that manages the
batch job that corresponds to each successfully processed batch job_identifier.
OPTIONS
The qmsg utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 12.2, Utility
Syntax Guidelines.
The following options shall be supported by the implementation:
-E Specify that the message is written to the standard error of each batch job.
The qmsg utility shall write the message into the standard error of the batch job.
-O Specify that the message is written to the standard output of each batch job.
The qmsg utility shall write the message into the standard output of the batch job.
If neither the -O nor the -E option is presented to the qmsg utility, the utility shall write the message
into an implementation-defined file. The conformance document for the implementation shall describe the
name and location of the implementation-defined file. If both the -O and the -E options are presented to
the qmsg utility, then the utility shall write the messages to both standard output and standard error.
OPERANDS
The qmsg utility shall accept a minimum of two operands, message_string and one or more batch
job_identifiers.
The message_string operand shall be the string to be written to one or more output files of the batch job
followed by a <newline>. If the string contains <blank> characters, then the application shall ensure
that the string is quoted. The message_string shall be encoded in the portable character set (see the
Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 6.1, Portable Character Set).
All remaining operands are batch job_identifiers that conform to the syntax for a batch job_identifier
(see Section 3.3.1, Batch Job Identifier).
STDIN
Not used.
INPUT FILES
None.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of qmsg:
LANG Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the
Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables the
precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale
categories.)
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization
variables.
LC_CTYPE Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters
(for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic
messages written to standard error.
LOGNAME Determine the login name of the user.
ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
Default.
STDOUT
None.
STDERR
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
OUTPUT FILES
None.
EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
None.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values shall be returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
In addition to the default behavior, the qmsg utility shall not be required to write a diagnostic message
to standard error when the error reply received from a batch server indicates that the batch
job_identifier does not exist on the server. Whether or not the qmsg utility waits to output the
diagnostic message while attempting to locate the job on other servers is implementation-defined.
The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
None.
EXAMPLES
None.
RATIONALE
The qmsg utility allows users to write messages into the output files of running jobs. Users, including
operators and administrators, have a number of occasions when they want to place messages in the output
files of a batch job. For example, if a disk that is being used by a batch job is showing errors, the
operator might note this in the standard error stream of the batch job.
The options of the qmsg utility provide users with the means of placing the message in the output stream
of their choice. The default output stream for the message—if the user does not designate an output
stream—is implementation-defined, since many implementations will provide, as an extension to this volume
of POSIX.1‐2017, a log file that shows the history of utility execution.
If users wish to send a message to a set of jobs that meet a selection criteria, the qselect utility can
be used to acquire the appropriate list of job identifiers.
The -E option allows users to place the message in the standard error stream of the batch job.
The -O option allows users to place the message in the standard output stream of the batch job.
Historically, the qmsg utility is an existing practice in the offerings of one or more implementors of an
NQS-derived batch system. The utility has been found to be useful enough that it deserves to be included
in this volume of POSIX.1‐2017.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
The qmsg utility may be removed in a future version.
SEE ALSO
Chapter 3, Batch Environment Services, qselect
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 6.1, Portable Character Set, Chapter 8, Environment
Variables, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard
for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original
IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document.
The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are most likely to have been introduced
during the conversion of the source files to man page format. To report such errors, see
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2017 QMSG(1POSIX)