Provided by: emscripten_3.1.6~dfsg-7_all 
NAME
emcc - emscripten compiler for WASM and JavaScript like gcc or clang
DESCRIPTION
Emscripten Compiler Frontend (emcc) ***********************************
The Emscripten Compiler Frontend ("emcc") is used to call the Emscripten compiler from the command line.
It is effectively a drop-in replacement for a standard compiler like *gcc* or *clang*.
Command line syntax ===================
emcc [options] file...
(Note that you will need "./emcc" if you want to run emcc from your current directory.)
The input file(s) can be either source code files that *Clang* can handle (C or C++), object files
(produced by *emcc -c*), or LLVM assembly files.
Arguments ---------
Most clang options will work, as will gcc options, for example:
# Display this information emcc --help
# Display compiler version information emcc --version
To see the full list of *Clang* options supported on the version of *Clang* used by Emscripten, run
"clang --help".
Options that are modified or new in *emcc* are listed below:
"-O0"
[compile+link] No optimizations (default). This is the recommended setting for starting to port a
project, as it includes various assertions.
This and other optimization settings are meaningful both during compile and during link. During
compile it affects LLVM optimizations, and during link it affects final optimization of the code
in Binaryen as well as optimization of the JS. (For fast incremental builds "-O0" is best, while
for release you should link with something higher.)
"-O1"
[compile+link] Simple optimizations. During the compile step these include LLVM "-O1"
optimizations. During the link step this does not include various runtime assertions in JS that
*-O0* would do.
"-O2"
[compile+link] Like "-O1", but enables more optimizations. During link this will also enable
various JavaScript optimizations.
Note:
These JavaScript optimizations can reduce code size by removing things that the compiler does not
see being used, in particular, parts of the runtime may be stripped if they are not exported on
the "Module" object. The compiler is aware of code in --pre-js and --post-js, so you can safely
use the runtime from there. Alternatively, you can use "EXPORTED_RUNTIME_METHODS", see
src/settings.js.
"-O3"
[compile+link] Like "-O2", but with additional optimizations that may take longer to run.
Note:
This is a good setting for a release build.
"-Os"
[compile+link] Like "-O3", but focuses more on code size (and may make tradeoffs with speed). This
can affect both wasm and JavaScript.
"-Oz"
[compile+link] Like "-Os", but reduces code size even further, and may take longer to run. This
can affect both wasm and JavaScript.
Note:
For more tips on optimizing your code, see Optimizing Code.
"-s OPTION[=VALUE]"
[different OPTIONs affect at different stages, most at link time] Emscripten build options. For
the available options, see src/settings.js.
Note:
You can prefix boolean options with "NO_" to reverse them. For example, "-s EXIT_RUNTIME=1" is the
same as "-s NO_EXIT_RUNTIME=0".
Note:
If no value is specifed it will default to "1".
Note:
Lists can be specified as comma separated strings:
-s EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=foo,bar
Note:
We also support older list formats that involve more quoting. Lists can be specified with or
without quotes around each element and with or without brackets around the list. For example, all
the following are equivalent:
-s EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS="foo","bar"
-s EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=["foo","bar"]
-s EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=[foo,bar]
Note:
For lists that include brackets or quote, you need quotation marks (") around the list in most
shells (to avoid errors being raised). Two examples are shown below:
-s EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS="['liblib.so']"
-s "EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=['liblib.so']"
You can also specify that the value of an option will be read from a file. For example, the
following will set "EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS" based on the contents of the file at **path/to/file**.
-s EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=@/path/to/file
Note:
* In this case the file should contain a list of symbols, one per
line.
For legacy use cases JSON-formatted files are also
supported: e.g. "["_func1", "func2"]".
* The specified file path must be absolute, not relative.
Note:
Options can be specified as a single argument without a space between the "-s" and option name.
e.g. "-sFOO=1".
"-g"
[compile+link] Preserve debug information.
* When compiling to object files, this is the same as in *Clang*
and *gcc*, it adds DWARF debug information to the object files.
* When linking, this is equivalent to -g3.
"-gseparate-dwarf[=FILENAME]"
[same as -g3 if passed at compile time, otherwise applies at link] Preserve debug information, but
in a separate file on the side. This is the same as "-g", but the main file will contain no debug
info. Instead, debug info will be present in a file on the side, in "FILENAME" if provided,
otherwise the same as the wasm file but with suffix ".debug.wasm". While the main file contains no
debug info, it does contain a URL to where the debug file is, so that devtools can find it. You
can use "-s SEPARATE_DWARF_URL=URL" to customize that location (this is useful if you want to host
it on a different server, for example).
"-gsource-map"
When linking, generate a source map using LLVM debug information (which must be present in object
files, i.e., they should have been compiled with "-g").
"-g<level>"
[compile+link] Controls the level of debuggability. Each level builds on the previous one:
* "-g0": Make no effort to keep code debuggable.
* "-g1": When linking, preserve whitespace in JavaScript.
* "-g2": When linking, preserve function names in compiled code.
* "-g3": When compiling to object files, keep debug info,
including JS whitespace, function names, and LLVM debug info (DWARF) if any (this is the same as
-g).
"--profiling"
[same as -g2 if passed at compile time, otherwise applies at link] Use reasonable defaults when
emitting JavaScript to make the build readable but still useful for profiling. This sets "-g2"
(preserve whitespace and function names) and may also enable optimizations that affect performance
and otherwise might not be performed in "-g2".
"--profiling-funcs"
[link] Preserve function names in profiling, but otherwise minify whitespace and names as we
normally do in optimized builds. This is useful if you want to look at profiler results based on
function names, but do *not* intend to read the emitted code.
"--tracing"
[link] Enable the Emscripten Tracing API.
"--emit-symbol-map"
[link] Save a map file between function indexes in the wasm and function names. By storing the
names on a file on the side, you can avoid shipping the names, and can still reconstruct
meaningful stack traces by translating the indexes back to the names.
Note:
When used with "-s WASM=2", two symbol files are created. "[name].js.symbols" (with WASM symbols)
and "[name].wasm.js.symbols" (with ASM.js symbols)
"-flto"
[compile+link] Enables link-time optimizations (LTO).
"--closure 0|1|2"
[link] Runs the *Closure Compiler*. Possible values are:
* "0": No closure compiler (default in "-O2" and below).
* "1": Run closure compiler. This greatly reduces the size of
the support JavaScript code (everything but the WebAssembly or asm.js). Note that this increases
compile time significantly.
* "2": Run closure compiler on *all* the emitted code, even on
**asm.js** output in **asm.js** mode. This can further reduce code size, but does prevent a
significant amount of **asm.js** optimizations, so it is not recommended unless you want to reduce
code size at all costs.
Note:
* Consider using "-s MODULARIZE=1" when using closure, as it
minifies globals to names that might conflict with others in the global scope. "MODULARIZE" puts
all the output into a function (see "src/settings.js").
* Closure will minify the name of *Module* itself, by default!
Using "MODULARIZE" will solve that as well. Another solution is to make sure a global variable
called *Module* already exists before the closure-compiled code runs, because then it will reuse
that variable.
* If closure compiler hits an out-of-memory, try adjusting
"JAVA_HEAP_SIZE" in the environment (for example, to 4096m for 4GB).
* Closure is only run if JavaScript opts are being done ("-O2" or
above).
"--closure-args=<args>"
[link] Pass arguments to the *Closure compiler*. This is an alternative to "EMCC_CLOSURE_ARGS".
For example, one might want to pass an externs file to avoid minifying JS functions defined in
"--pre-js" or "--post-js" files. To pass to Closure the "externs.js" file containing those public
APIs that should not be minified, one would add the flag: "--
closure-args=--externs=path/to/externs.js"
"--pre-js <file>"
[link] Specify a file whose contents are added before the emitted code and optimized together with
it. Note that this might not literally be the very first thing in the JS output, for example if
"MODULARIZE" is used (see "src/settings.js"). If you want that, you can just prepend to the output
from emscripten; the benefit of "-- pre-js" is that it optimizes the code with the rest of the
emscripten output, which allows better dead code elimination and minification, and it should only
be used for that purpose. In particular, "--pre-js" code should not alter the main output from
emscripten in ways that could confuse the optimizer, such as using "--pre-js" + "--post-js" to put
all the output in an inner function scope (see "MODULARIZE" for that).
*--pre-js* (but not *--post-js*) is also useful for specifying things on the "Module" object, as
it appears before the JS looks at "Module" (for example, you can define "Module['print']" there).
"--post-js <file>"
[link] Like "--pre-js", but emits a file *after* the emitted code.
"--extern-pre-js <file>"
[link] Specify a file whose contents are prepended to the JavaScript output. This file is
prepended to the final JavaScript output, *after* all other work has been done, including
optimization, optional "MODULARIZE"-ation, instrumentation like "SAFE_HEAP", etc. This is the same
as prepending this file after "emcc" finishes running, and is just a convenient way to do that.
(For comparison, "--pre-js" and "--post-js" optimize the code together with everything else, keep
it in the same scope if running *MODULARIZE*, etc.).
"--extern-post-js <file>"
[link] Like "--extern-pre-js", but appends to the end.
"--embed-file <file>"
[link] Specify a file (with path) to embed inside the generated JavaScript. The path is relative
to the current directory at compile time. If a directory is passed here, its entire contents will
be embedded.
For example, if the command includes "--embed-file dir/file.dat", then "dir/file.dat" must exist
relative to the directory where you run *emcc*.
Note:
Embedding files is much less efficient than preloading them. You should only use it for small
files, in small numbers. Instead use "--preload-file", which emits efficient binary data.
For more information about the "--embed-file" options, see Packaging Files.
"--preload-file <name>"
[link] Specify a file to preload before running the compiled code asynchronously. The path is
relative to the current directory at compile time. If a directory is passed here, its entire
contents will be embedded.
Preloaded files are stored in **filename.data**, where **filename.html** is the main file you are
compiling to. To run your code, you will need both the **.html** and the **.data**.
Note:
This option is similar to --embed-file, except that it is only relevant when generating HTML (it
uses asynchronous binary *XHRs*), or JavaScript that will be used in a web page.
*emcc* runs tools/file_packager to do the actual packaging of embedded and preloaded files. You
can run the file packager yourself if you want (see Packaging using the file packager tool). You
should then put the output of the file packager in an emcc "-- pre-js", so that it executes before
your main compiled code.
For more information about the "--preload-file" options, see Packaging Files.
"--exclude-file <name>"
[link] Files and directories to be excluded from --embed-file and --preload-file. Wildcards (*)
are supported.
"--use-preload-plugins"
[link] Tells the file packager to run preload plugins on the files as they are loaded. This
performs tasks like decoding images and audio using the browser's codecs.
"--shell-file <path>"
[link] The path name to a skeleton HTML file used when generating HTML output. The shell file used
needs to have this token inside it: "{{{ SCRIPT }}}".
Note:
* See src/shell.html and src/shell_minimal.html for examples.
* This argument is ignored if a target other than HTML is
specified using the "-o" option.
"--source-map-base <base-url>"
[link] The URL for the location where WebAssembly source maps will be published. When this option
is provided, the **.wasm** file is updated to have a "sourceMappingURL" section. The resulting URL
will have format: "<base-url>" + "<wasm-file-name>" + ".map".
"--minify 0"
[same as -g1 if passed at compile time, otherwise applies at link] Identical to "-g1".
"--js-transform <cmd>"
[link] Specifies a "<cmd>" to be called on the generated code before it is optimized. This lets
you modify the JavaScript, for example adding or removing some code, in a way that those
modifications will be optimized together with the generated code.
"<cmd>" will be called with the file name of the generated code as a parameter. To modify the
code, you can read the original data and then append to it or overwrite it with the modified data.
"<cmd>" is interpreted as a space-separated list of arguments, for example, "<cmd>" of **python
processor.py** will cause a Python script to be run.
"--bind"
[link] Links against embind library.
Deprecated: Use "-lembind"
instead.
"--ignore-dynamic-linking"
[link] Tells the compiler to ignore dynamic linking (the user will need to manually link to the
shared libraries later on).
Normally *emcc* will simply link in code from the dynamic library as though it were statically
linked, which will fail if the same dynamic library is linked more than once. With this option,
dynamic linking is ignored, which allows the build system to proceed without errors.
"--js-library <lib>"
[link] A JavaScript library to use in addition to those in Emscripten's core libraries
(src/library_*).
"-v"
[general] Turns on verbose output.
This will print the internal sub-commands run by emscripten as well as "-v" to *Clang*.
Tip:
"emcc -v" is a useful tool for diagnosing errors. It works with or without other arguments.
"--check"
[general] Runs Emscripten's internal sanity checks and reports any issues with the current
configuration.
"--cache <directory>"
[general] Sets the directory to use as the Emscripten cache. The Emscripten cache is used to store
pre-built versions of "libc", "libcxx" and other libraries.
If using this in combination with "--clear-cache", be sure to specify this argument first.
The Emscripten cache defaults to "emscripten/cache" but can be overridden using the "EM_CACHE"
environment variable or "CACHE" config setting.
"--clear-cache"
[general] Manually clears the cache of compiled Emscripten system libraries (libc++, libc++abi,
libc).
This is normally handled automatically, but if you update LLVM inplace (instead of having a
different directory for a new version), the caching mechanism can get confused. Clearing the cache
can fix weird problems related to cache incompatibilities, like *Clang* failing to link with
library files. This also clears other cached data. After the cache is cleared, this process will
exit.
By default this will also clear any download ports since the ports directory is usually within the
cache directory.
"--clear-ports"
[general] Manually clears the local copies of ports from the Emscripten Ports repos (sdl2, etc.).
This also clears the cache, to remove their builds.
You should only need to do this if a problem happens and you want all ports that you use to be
downloaded and built from scratch. After this operation is complete, this process will exit.
"--show-ports"
[general] Shows the list of available projects in the Emscripten Ports repos. After this operation
is complete, this process will exit.
"--memory-init-file 0|1"
[link] Specifies whether to emit a separate memory initialization file.
Note:
Note that this is only relevant when *not* emitting wasm, as wasm embeds the memory init data in
the wasm binary.
Possible values are:
* "0": Do not emit a separate memory initialization file.
Instead keep the static initialization inside the generated JavaScript as text. This is the
default setting if compiling with -O0 or -O1 link-time optimization flags.
* "1": Emit a separate memory initialization file in binary
format. This is more efficient than storing it as text inside JavaScript, but does mean you have
another file to publish. The binary file will also be loaded asynchronously, which means "main()"
will not be called until the file is downloaded and applied; you cannot call any C functions until
it arrives. This is the default setting when compiling with -O2 or higher.
Note:
The safest way to ensure that it is safe to call C functions (the initialisation file has loaded)
is to call a notifier function from "main()".
Note:
If you assign a network request to "Module.memoryInitializerRequest" (before the script runs),
then it will use that request instead of automatically starting a download for you. This is
beneficial in that you can, in your HTML, fire off a request for the memory init file before the
script actually arrives. For this to work, the network request should be an XMLHttpRequest with
responseType set to "'arraybuffer'". (You can also put any other object here, all it must provide
is a ".response" property containing an ArrayBuffer.)
"-Wwarn-absolute-paths"
[compile+link] Enables warnings about the use of absolute paths in "-I" and "-L" command line
directives. This is used to warn against unintentional use of absolute paths, which is sometimes
dangerous when referring to nonportable local system headers.
"--proxy-to-worker"
[link] Runs the main application code in a worker, proxying events to it and output from it. If
emitting HTML, this emits a **.html** file, and a separate **.js** file containing the JavaScript
to be run in a worker. If emitting JavaScript, the target file name contains the part to be run on
the main thread, while a second **.js** file with suffix ".worker.js" will contain the worker
portion.
"--emrun"
[link] Enables the generated output to be aware of the emrun command line tool. This allows
"stdout", "stderr" and "exit(returncode)" capture when running the generated application through
*emrun*. (This enables *EXIT_RUNTIME=1*, allowing normal runtime exiting with return code
passing.)
"--cpuprofiler"
[link] Embeds a simple CPU profiler onto the generated page. Use this to perform cursory
interactive performance profiling.
"--memoryprofiler"
[link] Embeds a memory allocation tracker onto the generated page. Use this to profile the
application usage of the Emscripten HEAP.
"--threadprofiler"
[link] Embeds a thread activity profiler onto the generated page. Use this to profile the
application usage of pthreads when targeting multithreaded builds (-s USE_PTHREADS=1/2).
"--em-config <path>"
[general] Specifies the location of the **.emscripten** configuration file. If not specified
emscripten will search for ".emscripten" first in the emscripten directory itself, and then in the
user's home directory ("~/.emscripten"). This can be overridden using the "EM_CONFIG" environment
variable.
"--default-obj-ext <.ext>"
[compile] Specifies the output suffix to use when compiling with "-c" in the absence of "-o". For
example, when compiling multiple sources files with "emcc -c *.c" the compiler will normally
output files with the ".o" extension, but "--default-obj-ext .obj" can be used to instead generate
files with the *.obj* extension.
"--valid-abspath <path>"
[compile+link] Note an allowed absolute path, which we should not warn about (absolute include
paths normally are warned about, since they may refer to the local system headers etc. which we
need to avoid when cross-compiling).
"-o <target>"
[link] When linking an executable, the "target" file name extension defines the output type to be
generated:
* <name> **.js** : JavaScript (+ separate **<name>.wasm** file
if emitting WebAssembly). (default)
* <name> **.mjs** : ES6 JavaScript module (+ separate
**<name>.wasm** file if emitting WebAssembly).
* <name> **.html** : HTML + separate JavaScript file
(**<name>.js**; + separate **<name>.wasm** file if emitting WebAssembly).
* <name> **.wasm** : WebAssembly without JavaScript support code
("standalone wasm"; this enables "STANDALONE_WASM").
These rules only apply when linking.
When compiling to object code
(See *-c* below) the name of the output file is irrelevant.
Note:
If "--memory-init-file" is used, a **.mem** file will be created in addition to the generated
**.js** and/or **.html** file.
"-c"
[compile] Tells *emcc* to emit an object file which can then be linked with other object files to
produce an executable.
"--output_eol windows|linux"
[link] Specifies the line ending to generate for the text files that are outputted. If
"--output_eol windows" is passed, the final output files will have Windows rn line endings in
them. With "-- output_eol linux", the final generated files will be written with Unix n line
endings.
"--cflags"
[other] Prints out the flags "emcc" would pass to "clang" to compile source code to object form.
You can use this to invoke clang yourself, and then run "emcc" on those outputs just for the final
linking+conversion to JS.
Environment variables =====================
*emcc* is affected by several environment variables, as listed below:
* "EMMAKEN_JUST_CONFIGURE" [other]
* "EMCC_AUTODEBUG" [compile+link]
* "EMCC_CFLAGS" [compile+link]
* "EMCC_CORES" [general]
* "EMCC_DEBUG" [general]
* "EMCC_DEBUG_SAVE" [general]
* "EMCC_FORCE_STDLIBS" [link]
* "EMCC_ONLY_FORCED_STDLIBS" [link]
* "EMCC_LOCAL_PORTS" [compile+link]
* "EMCC_STDERR_FILE" [general]
* "EMCC_CLOSURE_ARGS" [link] arguments to be passed to *Closure
Compiler*
* "EMCC_STRICT" [general]
* "EMCC_SKIP_SANITY_CHECK" [general]
* "EM_IGNORE_SANITY" [general]
* "EM_CONFIG" [general]
* "EM_LLVM_ROOT" [compile+link]
* "_EMCC_CCACHE" [general] Internal setting that is set to 1 by
emsdk when integrating with ccache compiler frontend
Search for 'os.environ' in emcc.py to see how these are used. The most interesting is possibly
"EMCC_DEBUG", which forces the compiler to dump its build and temporary files to a temporary directory
where they can be reviewed.
------------------------------------------------------------------
emcc: supported targets: llvm bitcode, WebAssembly, NOT elf (autoconf likes to see elf above to enable
shared object support)
emcc 3.1.6~dfsg March 2024 EMCC(1)