Provided by: drbd-utils_9.15.0-1ubuntu0.1_amd64 
NAME
drbdsetup - Configure the DRBD kernel module
SYNOPSIS
drbdsetup command {argument...} [option...]
DESCRIPTION
The drbdsetup utility serves to configure the DRBD kernel module and to show its current configuration.
Users usually interact with the drbdadm utility, which provides a more high-level interface to DRBD than
drbdsetup. (See drbdadm's --dry-run option to see how drbdadm uses drbdsetup.)
Some option arguments have a default scale which applies when a plain number is specified (for example
Kilo, or 1024 times the numeric value). Such default scales can be overridden by using a suffix (for
example, M for Mega). The common suffixes K = 2^10 = 1024, M = 1024 K, and G = 1024 M are supported.
COMMANDS
drbdsetup attach minor lower_dev meta_data_dev meta_data_index,
drbdsetup disk-options minor
The attach command attaches a lower-level device to an existing replicated device. The disk-options
command changes the disk options of an attached lower-level device. In either case, the replicated
device must have been created with drbdsetup new-minor.
Both commands refer to the replicated device by its minor number. lower_dev is the name of the
lower-level device. meta_data_dev is the name of the device containing the metadata, and may be the
same as lower_dev. meta_data_index is either a numeric metadata index, or the keyword internal for
internal metadata, or the keyword flexible for variable-size external metadata. Available options:
--al-extents extents
DRBD automatically maintains a "hot" or "active" disk area likely to be written to again soon
based on the recent write activity. The "active" disk area can be written to immediately, while
"inactive" disk areas must be "activated" first, which requires a meta-data write. We also refer
to this active disk area as the "activity log".
The activity log saves meta-data writes, but the whole log must be resynced upon recovery of a
failed node. The size of the activity log is a major factor of how long a resync will take and
how fast a replicated disk will become consistent after a crash.
The activity log consists of a number of 4-Megabyte segments; the al-extents parameter determines
how many of those segments can be active at the same time. The default value for al-extents is
1237, with a minimum of 7 and a maximum of 65536.
Note that the effective maximum may be smaller, depending on how you created the device meta
data, see also drbdmeta(8) The effective maximum is 919 * (available on-disk activity-log
ring-buffer area/4kB -1), the default 32kB ring-buffer effects a maximum of 6433 (covers more
than 25 GiB of data) We recommend to keep this well within the amount your backend storage and
replication link are able to resync inside of about 5 minutes.
--al-updates {yes | no}
With this parameter, the activity log can be turned off entirely (see the al-extents parameter).
This will speed up writes because fewer meta-data writes will be necessary, but the entire device
needs to be resynchronized opon recovery of a failed primary node. The default value for
al-updates is yes.
--disk-barrier,
--disk-flushes,
--disk-drain
DRBD has three methods of handling the ordering of dependent write requests:
disk-barrier
Use disk barriers to make sure that requests are written to disk in the right order. Barriers
ensure that all requests submitted before a barrier make it to the disk before any requests
submitted after the barrier. This is implemented using 'tagged command queuing' on SCSI
devices and 'native command queuing' on SATA devices. Only some devices and device stacks
support this method. The device mapper (LVM) only supports barriers in some configurations.
Note that on systems which do not support disk barriers, enabling this option can lead to
data loss or corruption. Until DRBD 8.4.1, disk-barrier was turned on if the I/O stack below
DRBD did support barriers. Kernels since linux-2.6.36 (or 2.6.32 RHEL6) no longer allow to
detect if barriers are supported. Since drbd-8.4.2, this option is off by default and needs
to be enabled explicitly.
disk-flushes
Use disk flushes between dependent write requests, also referred to as 'force unit access' by
drive vendors. This forces all data to disk. This option is enabled by default.
disk-drain
Wait for the request queue to "drain" (that is, wait for the requests to finish) before
submitting a dependent write request. This method requires that requests are stable on disk
when they finish. Before DRBD 8.0.9, this was the only method implemented. This option is
enabled by default. Do not disable in production environments.
From these three methods, drbd will use the first that is enabled and supported by the backing
storage device. If all three of these options are turned off, DRBD will submit write requests
without bothering about dependencies. Depending on the I/O stack, write requests can be
reordered, and they can be submitted in a different order on different cluster nodes. This can
result in data loss or corruption. Therefore, turning off all three methods of controlling write
ordering is strongly discouraged.
A general guideline for configuring write ordering is to use disk barriers or disk flushes when
using ordinary disks (or an ordinary disk array) with a volatile write cache. On storage without
cache or with a battery backed write cache, disk draining can be a reasonable choice.
--disk-timeout
If the lower-level device on which a DRBD device stores its data does not finish an I/O request
within the defined disk-timeout, DRBD treats this as a failure. The lower-level device is
detached, and the device's disk state advances to Diskless. If DRBD is connected to one or more
peers, the failed request is passed on to one of them.
This option is dangerous and may lead to kernel panic!
"Aborting" requests, or force-detaching the disk, is intended for completely blocked/hung local
backing devices which do no longer complete requests at all, not even do error completions. In
this situation, usually a hard-reset and failover is the only way out.
By "aborting", basically faking a local error-completion, we allow for a more graceful swichover
by cleanly migrating services. Still the affected node has to be rebooted "soon".
By completing these requests, we allow the upper layers to re-use the associated data pages.
If later the local backing device "recovers", and now DMAs some data from disk into the original
request pages, in the best case it will just put random data into unused pages; but typically it
will corrupt meanwhile completely unrelated data, causing all sorts of damage.
Which means delayed successful completion, especially for READ requests, is a reason to panic().
We assume that a delayed *error* completion is OK, though we still will complain noisily about
it.
The default value of disk-timeout is 0, which stands for an infinite timeout. Timeouts are
specified in units of 0.1 seconds. This option is available since DRBD 8.3.12.
--md-flushes
Enable disk flushes and disk barriers on the meta-data device. This option is enabled by default.
See the disk-flushes parameter.
--on-io-error handler
Configure how DRBD reacts to I/O errors on a lower-level device. The following policies are
defined:
pass_on
Change the disk status to Inconsistent, mark the failed block as inconsistent in the bitmap,
and retry the I/O operation on a remote cluster node.
call-local-io-error
Call the local-io-error handler (see the handlers section).
detach
Detach the lower-level device and continue in diskless mode.
--read-balancing policy
Distribute read requests among cluster nodes as defined by policy. The supported policies are
prefer-local (the default), prefer-remote, round-robin, least-pending, when-congested-remote,
32K-striping, 64K-striping, 128K-striping, 256K-striping, 512K-striping and 1M-striping.
This option is available since DRBD 8.4.1.
resync-after minor
Define that a device should only resynchronize after the specified other device. By default, no
order between devices is defined, and all devices will resynchronize in parallel. Depending on
the configuration of the lower-level devices, and the available network and disk bandwidth, this
can slow down the overall resync process. This option can be used to form a chain or tree of
dependencies among devices.
--size size
Specify the size of the lower-level device explicitly instead of determining it automatically.
The device size must be determined once and is remembered for the lifetime of the device. In
order to determine it automatically, all the lower-level devices on all nodes must be attached,
and all nodes must be connected. If the size is specified explicitly, this is not necessary. The
size value is assumed to be in units of sectors (512 bytes) by default.
--discard-zeroes-if-aligned {yes | no}
There are several aspects to discard/trim/unmap support on linux block devices. Even if discard
is supported in general, it may fail silently, or may partially ignore discard requests. Devices
also announce whether reading from unmapped blocks returns defined data (usually zeroes), or
undefined data (possibly old data, possibly garbage).
If on different nodes, DRBD is backed by devices with differing discard characteristics, discards
may lead to data divergence (old data or garbage left over on one backend, zeroes due to unmapped
areas on the other backend). Online verify would now potentially report tons of spurious
differences. While probably harmless for most use cases (fstrim on a file system), DRBD cannot
have that.
To play safe, we have to disable discard support, if our local backend (on a Primary) does not
support "discard_zeroes_data=true". We also have to translate discards to explicit zero-out on
the receiving side, unless the receiving side (Secondary) supports "discard_zeroes_data=true",
thereby allocating areas what were supposed to be unmapped.
There are some devices (notably the LVM/DM thin provisioning) that are capable of discard, but
announce discard_zeroes_data=false. In the case of DM-thin, discards aligned to the chunk size
will be unmapped, and reading from unmapped sectors will return zeroes. However, unaligned
partial head or tail areas of discard requests will be silently ignored.
If we now add a helper to explicitly zero-out these unaligned partial areas, while passing on the
discard of the aligned full chunks, we effectively achieve discard_zeroes_data=true on such
devices.
Setting discard-zeroes-if-aligned to yes will allow DRBD to use discards, and to announce
discard_zeroes_data=true, even on backends that announce discard_zeroes_data=false.
Setting discard-zeroes-if-aligned to no will cause DRBD to always fall-back to zero-out on the
receiving side, and to not even announce discard capabilities on the Primary, if the respective
backend announces discard_zeroes_data=false.
We used to ignore the discard_zeroes_data setting completely. To not break established and
expected behaviour, and suddenly cause fstrim on thin-provisioned LVs to run out-of-space instead
of freeing up space, the default value is yes.
This option is available since 8.4.7.
--rs-discard-granularity byte
When rs-discard-granularity is set to a non zero, positive value then DRBD tries to do a resync
operation in requests of this size. In case such a block contains only zero bytes on the sync
source node, the sync target node will issue a discard/trim/unmap command for the area.
The value is constrained by the discard granularity of the backing block device. In case
rs-discard-granularity is not a multiplier of the discard granularity of the backing block device
DRBD rounds it up. The feature only gets active if the backing block device reads back zeroes
after a discard command.
The default value of is 0. This option is available since 8.4.7.
drbdsetup peer-device-options resource peer_node_id volume
These are options that affect the peer's device.
--c-delay-target delay_target,
--c-fill-target fill_target,
--c-max-rate max_rate,
--c-plan-ahead plan_time
Dynamically control the resync speed. This mechanism is enabled by setting the c-plan-ahead
parameter to a positive value. The goal is to either fill the buffers along the data path with a
defined amount of data if c-fill-target is defined, or to have a defined delay along the path if
c-delay-target is defined. The maximum bandwidth is limited by the c-max-rate parameter.
The c-plan-ahead parameter defines how fast drbd adapts to changes in the resync speed. It should
be set to five times the network round-trip time or more. Common values for c-fill-target for
"normal" data paths range from 4K to 100K. If drbd-proxy is used, it is advised to use
c-delay-target instead of c-fill-target. The c-delay-target parameter is used if the
c-fill-target parameter is undefined or set to 0. The c-delay-target parameter should be set to
five times the network round-trip time or more. The c-max-rate option should be set to either the
bandwidth available between the DRBD-hosts and the machines hosting DRBD-proxy, or to the
available disk bandwidth.
The default values of these parameters are: c-plan-ahead = 20 (in units of 0.1 seconds),
c-fill-target = 0 (in units of sectors), c-delay-target = 1 (in units of 0.1 seconds), and
c-max-rate = 102400 (in units of KiB/s).
Dynamic resync speed control is available since DRBD 8.3.9.
--c-min-rate min_rate
A node which is primary and sync-source has to schedule application I/O requests and resync I/O
requests. The c-min-rate parameter limits how much bandwidth is available for resync I/O; the
remaining bandwidth is used for application I/O.
A c-min-rate value of 0 means that there is no limit on the resync I/O bandwidth. This can slow
down application I/O significantly. Use a value of 1 (1 KiB/s) for the lowest possible resync
rate.
The default value of c-min-rate is 250, in units of KiB/s.
--resync-rate rate
Define how much bandwidth DRBD may use for resynchronizing. DRBD allows "normal" application I/O
even during a resync. If the resync takes up too much bandwidth, application I/O can become very
slow. This parameter allows to avoid that. Please note this is option only works when the dynamic
resync controller is disabled.
drbdsetup check-resize minor
Remember the current size of the lower-level device of the specified replicated device. Used by
drbdadm. The size information is stored in file /var/lib/drbd/drbd-minor-minor.lkbd.
drbdsetup new-peer resource peer_node_id,
drbdsetup net-options resource peer_node_id
The new-peer command creates a connection within a resource. The resource must have been created with
drbdsetup new-resource. The net-options command changes the network options of an existing
connection. Before a connection can be activated with the connect command, at least one path need to
added with the new-path command. Available options:
--after-sb-0pri policy
Define how to react if a split-brain scenario is detected and none of the two nodes is in primary
role. (We detect split-brain scenarios when two nodes connect; split-brain decisions are always
between two nodes.) The defined policies are:
disconnect
No automatic resynchronization; simply disconnect.
discard-younger-primary,
discard-older-primary
Resynchronize from the node which became primary first (discard-younger-primary) or last
(discard-older-primary). If both nodes became primary independently, the
discard-least-changes policy is used.
discard-zero-changes
If only one of the nodes wrote data since the split brain situation was detected,
resynchronize from this node to the other. If both nodes wrote data, disconnect.
discard-least-changes
Resynchronize from the node with more modified blocks.
discard-node-nodename
Always resynchronize to the named node.
--after-sb-1pri policy
Define how to react if a split-brain scenario is detected, with one node in primary role and one
node in secondary role. (We detect split-brain scenarios when two nodes connect, so split-brain
decisions are always among two nodes.) The defined policies are:
disconnect
No automatic resynchronization, simply disconnect.
consensus
Discard the data on the secondary node if the after-sb-0pri algorithm would also discard the
data on the secondary node. Otherwise, disconnect.
violently-as0p
Always take the decision of the after-sb-0pri algorithm, even if it causes an erratic change
of the primary's view of the data. This is only useful if a single-node file system (i.e.,
not OCFS2 or GFS) with the allow-two-primaries flag is used. This option can cause the
primary node to crash, and should not be used.
discard-secondary
Discard the data on the secondary node.
call-pri-lost-after-sb
Always take the decision of the after-sb-0pri algorithm. If the decision is to discard the
data on the primary node, call the pri-lost-after-sb handler on the primary node.
--after-sb-2pri policy
Define how to react if a split-brain scenario is detected and both nodes are in primary role. (We
detect split-brain scenarios when two nodes connect, so split-brain decisions are always among
two nodes.) The defined policies are:
disconnect
No automatic resynchronization, simply disconnect.
violently-as0p
See the violently-as0p policy for after-sb-1pri.
call-pri-lost-after-sb
Call the pri-lost-after-sb helper program on one of the machines unless that machine can
demote to secondary. The helper program is expected to reboot the machine, which brings the
node into a secondary role. Which machine runs the helper program is determined by the
after-sb-0pri strategy.
--allow-two-primaries
The most common way to configure DRBD devices is to allow only one node to be primary (and thus
writable) at a time.
In some scenarios it is preferable to allow two nodes to be primary at once; a mechanism outside
of DRBD then must make sure that writes to the shared, replicated device happen in a coordinated
way. This can be done with a shared-storage cluster file system like OCFS2 and GFS, or with
virtual machine images and a virtual machine manager that can migrate virtual machines between
physical machines.
The allow-two-primaries parameter tells DRBD to allow two nodes to be primary at the same time.
Never enable this option when using a non-distributed file system; otherwise, data corruption and
node crashes will result!
--always-asbp
Normally the automatic after-split-brain policies are only used if current states of the UUIDs do
not indicate the presence of a third node.
With this option you request that the automatic after-split-brain policies are used as long as
the data sets of the nodes are somehow related. This might cause a full sync, if the UUIDs
indicate the presence of a third node. (Or double faults led to strange UUID sets.)
--connect-int time
As soon as a connection between two nodes is configured with drbdsetup connect, DRBD immediately
tries to establish the connection. If this fails, DRBD waits for connect-int seconds and then
repeats. The default value of connect-int is 10 seconds.
--cram-hmac-alg hash-algorithm
Configure the hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) or secure hash algorithm to use for
peer authentication. The kernel supports a number of different algorithms, some of which may be
loadable as kernel modules. See the shash algorithms listed in /proc/crypto. By default,
cram-hmac-alg is unset. Peer authentication also requires a shared-secret to be configured.
--csums-alg hash-algorithm
Normally, when two nodes resynchronize, the sync target requests a piece of out-of-sync data from
the sync source, and the sync source sends the data. With many usage patterns, a significant
number of those blocks will actually be identical.
When a csums-alg algorithm is specified, when requesting a piece of out-of-sync data, the sync
target also sends along a hash of the data it currently has. The sync source compares this hash
with its own version of the data. It sends the sync target the new data if the hashes differ, and
tells it that the data are the same otherwise. This reduces the network bandwidth required, at
the cost of higher cpu utilization and possibly increased I/O on the sync target.
The csums-alg can be set to one of the secure hash algorithms supported by the kernel; see the
shash algorithms listed in /proc/crypto. By default, csums-alg is unset.
--csums-after-crash-only
Enabling this option (and csums-alg, above) makes it possible to use the checksum based resync
only for the first resync after primary crash, but not for later "network hickups".
In most cases, block that are marked as need-to-be-resynced are in fact changed, so calculating
checksums, and both reading and writing the blocks on the resync target is all effective
overhead.
The advantage of checksum based resync is mostly after primary crash recovery, where the recovery
marked larger areas (those covered by the activity log) as need-to-be-resynced, just in case.
Introduced in 8.4.5.
--data-integrity-alg alg
DRBD normally relies on the data integrity checks built into the TCP/IP protocol, but if a data
integrity algorithm is configured, it will additionally use this algorithm to make sure that the
data received over the network match what the sender has sent. If a data integrity error is
detected, DRBD will close the network connection and reconnect, which will trigger a resync.
The data-integrity-alg can be set to one of the secure hash algorithms supported by the kernel;
see the shash algorithms listed in /proc/crypto. By default, this mechanism is turned off.
Because of the CPU overhead involved, we recommend not to use this option in production
environments. Also see the notes on data integrity below.
--fencing fencing_policy
Fencing is a preventive measure to avoid situations where both nodes are primary and
disconnected. This is also known as a split-brain situation. DRBD supports the following fencing
policies:
dont-care
No fencing actions are taken. This is the default policy.
resource-only
If a node becomes a disconnected primary, it tries to fence the peer. This is done by calling
the fence-peer handler. The handler is supposed to reach the peer over an alternative
communication path and call 'drbdadm outdate minor' there.
resource-and-stonith
If a node becomes a disconnected primary, it freezes all its IO operations and calls its
fence-peer handler. The fence-peer handler is supposed to reach the peer over an alternative
communication path and call 'drbdadm outdate minor' there. In case it cannot do that, it
should stonith the peer. IO is resumed as soon as the situation is resolved. In case the
fence-peer handler fails, I/O can be resumed manually with 'drbdadm resume-io'.
--ko-count number
If a secondary node fails to complete a write request in ko-count times the timeout parameter, it
is excluded from the cluster. The primary node then sets the connection to this secondary node to
Standalone. To disable this feature, you should explicitly set it to 0; defaults may change
between versions.
--max-buffers number
Limits the memory usage per DRBD minor device on the receiving side, or for internal buffers
during resync or online-verify. Unit is PAGE_SIZE, which is 4 KiB on most systems. The minimum
possible setting is hard coded to 32 (=128 KiB). These buffers are used to hold data blocks while
they are written to/read from disk. To avoid possible distributed deadlocks on congestion, this
setting is used as a throttle threshold rather than a hard limit. Once more than max-buffers
pages are in use, further allocation from this pool is throttled. You want to increase
max-buffers if you cannot saturate the IO backend on the receiving side.
--max-epoch-size number
Define the maximum number of write requests DRBD may issue before issuing a write barrier. The
default value is 2048, with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 20000. Setting this parameter to a
value below 10 is likely to decrease performance.
--on-congestion policy,
--congestion-fill threshold,
--congestion-extents threshold
By default, DRBD blocks when the TCP send queue is full. This prevents applications from
generating further write requests until more buffer space becomes available again.
When DRBD is used together with DRBD-proxy, it can be better to use the pull-ahead on-congestion
policy, which can switch DRBD into ahead/behind mode before the send queue is full. DRBD then
records the differences between itself and the peer in its bitmap, but it no longer replicates
them to the peer. When enough buffer space becomes available again, the node resynchronizes with
the peer and switches back to normal replication.
This has the advantage of not blocking application I/O even when the queues fill up, and the
disadvantage that peer nodes can fall behind much further. Also, while resynchronizing, peer
nodes will become inconsistent.
The available congestion policies are block (the default) and pull-ahead. The congestion-fill
parameter defines how much data is allowed to be "in flight" in this connection. The default
value is 0, which disables this mechanism of congestion control, with a maximum of 10 GiBytes.
The congestion-extents parameter defines how many bitmap extents may be active before switching
into ahead/behind mode, with the same default and limits as the al-extents parameter. The
congestion-extents parameter is effective only when set to a value smaller than al-extents.
Ahead/behind mode is available since DRBD 8.3.10.
--ping-int interval
When the TCP/IP connection to a peer is idle for more than ping-int seconds, DRBD will send a
keep-alive packet to make sure that a failed peer or network connection is detected reasonably
soon. The default value is 10 seconds, with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 120 seconds. The unit
is seconds.
--ping-timeout timeout
Define the timeout for replies to keep-alive packets. If the peer does not reply within
ping-timeout, DRBD will close and try to reestablish the connection. The default value is 0.5
seconds, with a minimum of 0.1 seconds and a maximum of 3 seconds. The unit is tenths of a
second.
--socket-check-timeout timeout
In setups involving a DRBD-proxy and connections that experience a lot of buffer-bloat it might
be necessary to set ping-timeout to an unusual high value. By default DRBD uses the same value to
wait if a newly established TCP-connection is stable. Since the DRBD-proxy is usually located in
the same data center such a long wait time may hinder DRBD's connect process.
In such setups socket-check-timeout should be set to at least to the round trip time between DRBD
and DRBD-proxy. I.e. in most cases to 1.
The default unit is tenths of a second, the default value is 0 (which causes DRBD to use the
value of ping-timeout instead). Introduced in 8.4.5.
--protocol name
Use the specified protocol on this connection. The supported protocols are:
A
Writes to the DRBD device complete as soon as they have reached the local disk and the TCP/IP
send buffer.
B
Writes to the DRBD device complete as soon as they have reached the local disk, and all peers
have acknowledged the receipt of the write requests.
C
Writes to the DRBD device complete as soon as they have reached the local and all remote
disks.
--rcvbuf-size size
Configure the size of the TCP/IP receive buffer. A value of 0 (the default) causes the buffer
size to adjust dynamically. This parameter usually does not need to be set, but it can be set to
a value up to 10 MiB. The default unit is bytes.
--rr-conflict policy
This option helps to solve the cases when the outcome of the resync decision is incompatible with
the current role assignment in the cluster. The defined policies are:
disconnect
No automatic resynchronization, simply disconnect.
retry-connect
Disconnect now, and retry to connect immediatly afterwards.
violently
Resync to the primary node is allowed, violating the assumption that data on a block device
are stable for one of the nodes. Do not use this option, it is dangerous.
call-pri-lost
Call the pri-lost handler on one of the machines. The handler is expected to reboot the
machine, which puts it into secondary role.
--shared-secret secret
Configure the shared secret used for peer authentication. The secret is a string of up to 64
characters. Peer authentication also requires the cram-hmac-alg parameter to be set.
--sndbuf-size size
Configure the size of the TCP/IP send buffer. Since DRBD 8.0.13 / 8.2.7, a value of 0 (the
default) causes the buffer size to adjust dynamically. Values below 32 KiB are harmful to the
throughput on this connection. Large buffer sizes can be useful especially when protocol A is
used over high-latency networks; the maximum value supported is 10 MiB.
--tcp-cork
By default, DRBD uses the TCP_CORK socket option to prevent the kernel from sending partial
messages; this results in fewer and bigger packets on the network. Some network stacks can
perform worse with this optimization. On these, the tcp-cork parameter can be used to turn this
optimization off.
--timeout time
Define the timeout for replies over the network: if a peer node does not send an expected reply
within the specified timeout, it is considered dead and the TCP/IP connection is closed. The
timeout value must be lower than connect-int and lower than ping-int. The default is 6 seconds;
the value is specified in tenths of a second.
--use-rle
Each replicated device on a cluster node has a separate bitmap for each of its peer devices. The
bitmaps are used for tracking the differences between the local and peer device: depending on the
cluster state, a disk range can be marked as different from the peer in the device's bitmap, in
the peer device's bitmap, or in both bitmaps. When two cluster nodes connect, they exchange each
other's bitmaps, and they each compute the union of the local and peer bitmap to determine the
overall differences.
Bitmaps of very large devices are also relatively large, but they usually compress very well
using run-length encoding. This can save time and bandwidth for the bitmap transfers.
The use-rle parameter determines if run-length encoding should be used. It is on by default since
DRBD 8.4.0.
--verify-alg hash-algorithm
Online verification (drbdadm verify) computes and compares checksums of disk blocks (i.e., hash
values) in order to detect if they differ. The verify-alg parameter determines which algorithm to
use for these checksums. It must be set to one of the secure hash algorithms supported by the
kernel before online verify can be used; see the shash algorithms listed in /proc/crypto.
We recommend to schedule online verifications regularly during low-load periods, for example once
a month. Also see the notes on data integrity below.
drbdsetup new-path resource peer_node_id local-addr remote-addr
The new-path command creates a path within a connection. The connection must have been created with
drbdsetup new-peer. Local_addr and remote_addr refer to the local and remote protocol, network
address, and port in the format [address-family:]address[:port]. The address families ipv4, ipv6,
ssocks (Dolphin Interconnect Solutions' "super sockets"), sdp (Infiniband Sockets Direct Protocol),
and sci are supported (sci is an alias for ssocks). If no address family is specified, ipv4 is
assumed. For all address families except ipv6, the address uses IPv4 address notation (for example,
1.2.3.4). For ipv6, the address is enclosed in brackets and uses IPv6 address notation (for example,
[fd01:2345:6789:abcd::1]). The port defaults to 7788.
drbdsetup connect resource peer_node_id
The connect command activates a connection. That means that the DRBD driver will bind and listen on
all local addresses of the connection-'s paths. It will begin to try to establish one or more paths
of the connection. Available options:
--tentative
Only determine if a connection to the peer can be established and if a resync is necessary (and
in which direction) without actually establishing the connection or starting the resync. Check
the system log to see what DRBD would do without the --tentative option.
--discard-my-data
Discard the local data and resynchronize with the peer that has the most up-to-data data. Use
this option to manually recover from a split-brain situation.
drbdsetup del-peer resource peer_node_id
The del-peer command removes a connection from a resource.
drbdsetup del-path resource peer_node_id local-addr remote-addr
The del-path command removes a path from a connection. Please note that it fails if the path is
necessary to keep a connected connection in tact. In order to remove all paths, disconnect the
connection first.
drbdsetup cstate resource peer_node_id
Show the current state of a connection. The connection is identified by the node-id of the peer; see
the drbdsetup connect command.
drbdsetup del-minor minor
Remove a replicated device. No lower-level device may be attached; see drbdsetup detach.
drbdsetup del-resource resource
Remove a resource. All volumes and connections must be removed first (drbdsetup del-minor, drbdsetup
disconnect). Alternatively, drbdsetup down can be used to remove a resource together with all its
volumes and connections.
drbdsetup detach minor
Detach the lower-level device of a replicated device. Available options:
--force
Force the detach and return immediately. This puts the lower-level device into failed state until
all pending I/O has completed, and then detaches the device. Any I/O not yet submitted to the
lower-level device (for example, because I/O on the device was suspended) is assumed to have
failed.
drbdsetup disconnect resource peer_node_id
Remove a connection to a peer host. The connection is identified by the node-id of the peer; see the
drbdsetup connect command.
drbdsetup down {resource | all}
Take a resource down by removing all volumes, connections, and the resource itself.
drbdsetup dstate minor
Show the current disk state of a lower-level device.
drbdsetup events2 {resource | all}
Show the current state of all configured DRBD objects, followed by all changes to the state.
The output format is meant to be human as well as machine readable. The line starts with a word that
indicates the kind of event: exists for an existing object; create, destroy, and change if an object
is created, destroyed, or changed; or call or response if an event handler is called or it returns.
The second word indicates the object the event applies to: resource, device, connection, peer-device,
path, helper, or a dash (-) to indicate that the current state has been dumped completely.
The remaining words identify the object and describe the state that the object is in. Some special
keys are worth mentioning:
resource may_promote:{yes|no}
Whether promoting to primary is expected to succeed. When quorum is enabled, this can be used to
trigger failover. When may_promote:yes is reported on this node, then no writes are possible on
any other node, which generally means that the application can be started on this node, even when
it has been running on another.
resource promotion_score:score
An integer heuristic indicating the relative preference for promoting this resource. A higher
score is better in terms of having local disks and having access to up-to-date data. The score
may be positive even when some node is primary. It will be zero when promotion is impossible due
to quorum or lack of any access to up-to-date data.
Available options:
--now
Terminate after reporting the current state. The default is to continuously listen and report
state changes.
--poll
This is completely ignored if --now is not given. In combination with --now it prints the current
state once and then reads on stdin. If a n is read, this triggers another run. Newlines are
ignored. Every other input terminates the command.
--statistics
Include statistics in the output.
drbdsetup get-gi resource peer_node_id volume
Show the data generation identifiers for a device on a particular connection. The device is
identified by its volume number. The connection is identified by its endpoints; see the drbdsetup
connect command.
The output consists of the current UUID, bitmap UUID, and the first two history UUIDS, folowed by a
set of flags. The current UUID and history UUIDs are device specific; the bitmap UUID and flags are
peer device specific. This command only shows the first two history UUIDs. Internally, DRBD maintains
one history UUID for each possible peer device.
drbdsetup invalidate minor
Replace the local data of a device with that of a peer. All the local data will be marked
out-of-sync, and a resync with the specified peer device will be initialted.
drbdsetup invalidate-remote resource peer_node_id volume
Replace a peer device's data of a resource with the local data. The peer device's data will be marked
out-of-sync, and a resync from the local node to the specified peer will be initiated.
drbdsetup new-current-uuid minor
Generate a new current UUID and rotates all other UUID values. This has at least two use cases,
namely to skip the initial sync, and to reduce network bandwidth when starting in a single node
configuration and then later (re-)integrating a remote site.
Available option:
--clear-bitmap
Clears the sync bitmap in addition to generating a new current UUID.
This can be used to skip the initial sync, if you want to start from scratch. This use-case does only
work on "Just Created" meta data. Necessary steps:
1. On both nodes, initialize meta data and configure the device.
drbdadm create-md --force res/volume-number
2. They need to do the initial handshake, so they know their sizes.
drbdadm up res
3. They are now Connected Secondary/Secondary Inconsistent/Inconsistent. Generate a new current-uuid
and clear the dirty bitmap.
drbdadm --clear-bitmap new-current-uuid res
4. They are now Connected Secondary/Secondary UpToDate/UpToDate. Make one side primary and create a
file system.
drbdadm primary res
mkfs -t fs-type $(drbdadm sh-dev res)
One obvious side-effect is that the replica is full of old garbage (unless you made them identical
using other means), so any online-verify is expected to find any number of out-of-sync blocks.
You must not use this on pre-existing data! Even though it may appear to work at first glance, once
you switch to the other node, your data is toast, as it never got replicated. So do not leave out the
mkfs (or equivalent).
This can also be used to shorten the initial resync of a cluster where the second node is added after
the first node is gone into production, by means of disk shipping. This use-case works on
disconnected devices only, the device may be in primary or secondary role.
The necessary steps on the current active server are:
1. drbdsetup new-current-uuid --clear-bitmap minor
2. Take the copy of the current active server. E.g. by pulling a disk out of the RAID1 controller,
or by copying with dd. You need to copy the actual data, and the meta data.
3. drbdsetup new-current-uuid minor
Now add the disk to the new secondary node, and join it to the cluster. You will get a resync of that
parts that were changed since the first call to drbdsetup in step 1.
drbdsetup new-minor resource minor volume
Create a new replicated device within a resource. The command creates a block device inode for the
replicated device (by default, /dev/drbdminor). The volume number identifies the device within the
resource.
drbdsetup new-resource resource node_id,
drbdsetup resource-options resource
The new-resource command creates a new resource. The resource-options command changes the resource
options of an existing resource. Available options:
--auto-promote bool-value
A resource must be promoted to primary role before any of its devices can be mounted or opened
for writing.
Before DRBD 9, this could only be done explicitly ("drbdadm primary"). Since DRBD 9, the
auto-promote parameter allows to automatically promote a resource to primary role when one of its
devices is mounted or opened for writing. As soon as all devices are unmounted or closed with no
more remaining users, the role of the resource changes back to secondary.
Automatic promotion only succeeds if the cluster state allows it (that is, if an explicit drbdadm
primary command would succeed). Otherwise, mounting or opening the device fails as it already did
before DRBD 9: the mount(2) system call fails with errno set to EROFS (Read-only file system);
the open(2) system call fails with errno set to EMEDIUMTYPE (wrong medium type).
Irrespective of the auto-promote parameter, if a device is promoted explicitly (drbdadm primary),
it also needs to be demoted explicitly (drbdadm secondary).
The auto-promote parameter is available since DRBD 9.0.0, and defaults to yes.
--cpu-mask cpu-mask
Set the cpu affinity mask for DRBD kernel threads. The cpu mask is specified as a hexadecimal
number. The default value is 0, which lets the scheduler decide which kernel threads run on which
CPUs. CPU numbers in cpu-mask which do not exist in the system are ignored.
--on-no-data-accessible policy
Determine how to deal with I/O requests when the requested data is not available locally or
remotely (for example, when all disks have failed). The defined policies are:
io-error
System calls fail with errno set to EIO.
suspend-io
The resource suspends I/O. I/O can be resumed by (re)attaching the lower-level device, by
connecting to a peer which has access to the data, or by forcing DRBD to resume I/O with
drbdadm resume-io res. When no data is available, forcing I/O to resume will result in the
same behavior as the io-error policy.
This setting is available since DRBD 8.3.9; the default policy is io-error.
--peer-ack-window value
On each node and for each device, DRBD maintains a bitmap of the differences between the local
and remote data for each peer device. For example, in a three-node setup (nodes A, B, C) each
with a single device, every node maintains one bitmap for each of its peers.
When nodes receive write requests, they know how to update the bitmaps for the writing node, but
not how to update the bitmaps between themselves. In this example, when a write request
propagates from node A to B and C, nodes B and C know that they have the same data as node A, but
not whether or not they both have the same data.
As a remedy, the writing node occasionally sends peer-ack packets to its peers which tell them
which state they are in relative to each other.
The peer-ack-window parameter specifies how much data a primary node may send before sending a
peer-ack packet. A low value causes increased network traffic; a high value causes less network
traffic but higher memory consumption on secondary nodes and higher resync times between the
secondary nodes after primary node failures. (Note: peer-ack packets may be sent due to other
reasons as well, e.g. membership changes or expiry of the peer-ack-delay timer.)
The default value for peer-ack-window is 2 MiB, the default unit is sectors. This option is
available since 9.0.0.
--peer-ack-delay expiry-time
If after the last finished write request no new write request gets issued for expiry-time, then a
peer-ack packet is sent. If a new write request is issued before the timer expires, the timer
gets reset to expiry-time. (Note: peer-ack packets may be sent due to other reasons as well, e.g.
membership changes or the peer-ack-window option.)
This parameter may influence resync behavior on remote nodes. Peer nodes need to wait until they
receive an peer-ack for releasing a lock on an AL-extent. Resync operations between peers may
need to wait for for these locks.
The default value for peer-ack-delay is 100 milliseconds, the default unit is milliseconds. This
option is available since 9.0.0.
--quorum value
When activated, a cluster partition requires quorum in order to modify the replicated data set.
That means a node in the cluster partition can only be promoted to primary if the cluster
partition has quorum. Every node with a disk directly connected to the node that should be
promoted counts. If a primary node should execute a write request, but the cluster partition has
lost quorum, it will freeze IO or reject the write request with an error (depending on the
on-no-quorum setting). Upon loosing quorum a primary always invokes the quorum-lost handler. The
handler is intended for notification purposes, its return code is ignored.
The option's value might be set to off, majority, all or a numeric value. If you set it to a
numeric value, make sure that the value is greater than half of your number of nodes. Quorum is a
mechanism to avoid data divergence, it might be used instead of fencing when there are more than
two repicas. It defaults to off
If all missing nodes are marked as outdated, a partition always has quorum, no matter how small
it is. I.e. If you disconnect all secondary nodes gracefully a single primary continues to
operate. In the moment a single secondary is lost, it has to be assumed that it forms a partition
with all the missing outdated nodes. In case my partition might be smaller than the other, quorum
is lost in this moment.
In case you want to allow permanently diskless nodes to gain quorum it is recommendet to not use
majority or all. It is recommended to specify an absolute number, since DBRD's heuristic to
determine the complete number of diskfull nodes in the cluster is unreliable.
The quorum implementation is available starting with the DRBD kernel driver version 9.0.7.
--quorum-minimum-redundancy value
This option sets the minimal required number of nodes with an UpToDate disk to allow the
partition to gain quorum. This is a different requirement than the plain quorum option expresses.
The option's value might be set to off, majority, all or a numeric value. If you set it to a
numeric value, make sure that the value is greater than half of your number of nodes.
In case you want to allow permanently diskless nodes to gain quorum it is recommendet to not use
majority or all. It is recommended to specify an absolute number, since DBRD's heuristic to
determine the complete number of diskfull nodes in the cluster is unreliable.
This option is available starting with the DRBD kernel driver version 9.0.10.
--on-no-quorum {io-error | suspend-io}
By default DRBD freezes IO on a device, that lost quorum. By setting the on-no-quorum to io-error
it completes all IO operations with an error if quorum ist lost.
The on-no-quorum options is available starting with the DRBD kernel driver version 9.0.8.
drbdsetup outdate minor
Mark the data on a lower-level device as outdated. This is used for fencing, and prevents the
resource the device is part of from becoming primary in the future. See the --fencing disk option.
drbdsetup pause-sync resource peer_node_id volume
Stop resynchronizing between a local and a peer device by setting the local pause flag. The resync
can only resume if the pause flags on both sides of a connection are cleared.
drbdsetup primary resource
Change the role of a node in a resource to primary. This allows the replicated devices in this
resource to be mounted or opened for writing. Available options:
--overwrite-data-of-peer
This option is an alias for the --force option.
--force
Force the resource to become primary even if some devices are not guaranteed to have up-to-date
data. This option is used to turn one of the nodes in a newly created cluster into the primary
node, or when manually recovering from a disaster.
Note that this can lead to split-brain scenarios. Also, when forcefully turning an inconsistent
device into an up-to-date device, it is highly recommended to use any integrity checks available
(such as a filesystem check) to make sure that the device can at least be used without crashing
the system.
Note that DRBD usually only allows one node in a cluster to be in primary role at any time; this
allows DRBD to coordinate access to the devices in a resource across nodes. The --allow-two-primaries
network option changes this; in that case, a mechanism outside of DRBD needs to coordinate device
access.
drbdsetup resize minor
Reexamine the size of the lower-level devices of a replicated device on all nodes. This command is
called after the lower-level devices on all nodes have been grown to adjust the size of the
replicated device. Available options:
--assume-peer-has-space
Resize the device even if some of the peer devices are not connected at the moment. DRBD will try
to resize the peer devices when they next connect. It will refuse to connect to a peer device
which is too small.
--assume-clean
Do not resynchronize the added disk space; instead, assume that it is identical on all nodes.
This option can be used when the disk space is uninitialized and differences do not matter, or
when it is known to be identical on all nodes. See the drbdsetup verify command.
--size val
This option can be used to online shrink the usable size of a drbd device. It's the users
responsibility to make sure that a file system on the device is not truncated by that operation.
--al-stripes val --al-stripes val
These options may be used to change the layout of the activity log online. In case of internal
meta data this may invovle shrinking the user visible size at the same time (unsing the --size)
or increasing the avalable space on the backing devices.
drbdsetup resume-io minor
Resume I/O on a replicated device. See the --fencing net option.
drbdsetup resume-sync resource peer_node_id volume
Allow resynchronization to resume by clearing the local sync pause flag.
drbdsetup role resource
Show the current role of a resource.
drbdsetup secondary resource
Change the role of a node in a resource to secondary. This command fails if the replicated device is
in use.
drbdsetup show {resource | all}
Show the current configuration of a resource, or of all resources. Available options:
--show-defaults
Show all configuration parameters, even the ones with default values. Normally, parameters with
default values are not shown.
drbdsetup show-gi resource peer_node_id volume
Show the data generation identifiers for a device on a particular connection. In addition, explain
the output. The output otherwise is the same as in the drbdsetup get-gi command.
drbdsetup state
This is an alias for drbdsetup role. Deprecated.
drbdsetup status {resource | all}
Show the status of a resource, or of all resources. The output consists of one paragraph for each
configured resource. Each paragraph contains one line for each resource, followed by one line for
each device, and one line for each connection. The device and connection lines are indented. The
connection lines are followed by one line for each peer device; these lines are indented against the
connection line.
Long lines are wrapped around at terminal width, and indented to indicate how the lines belongs
together. Available options:
--verbose
Include more information in the output even when it is likely redundant or irrelevant.
--statistics
Include data transfer statistics in the output.
--color={always | auto | never}
Colorize the output. With --color=auto, drbdsetup emits color codes only when standard output is
connected to a terminal.
For example, the non-verbose output for a resource with only one connection and only one volume could
look like this:
drbd0 role:Primary
disk:UpToDate
host2.example.com role:Secondary
disk:UpToDate
With the --verbose option, the same resource could be reported as:
drbd0 node-id:1 role:Primary suspended:no
volume:0 minor:1 disk:UpToDate blocked:no
host2.example.com local:ipv4:192.168.123.4:7788
peer:ipv4:192.168.123.2:7788 node-id:0 connection:WFReportParams
role:Secondary congested:no
volume:0 replication:Connected disk:UpToDate resync-suspended:no
drbdsetup suspend-io minor
Suspend I/O on a replicated device. It is not usually necessary to use this command.
drbdsetup verify resource peer_node_id volume
Start online verification, change which part of the device will be verified, or stop online
verification. The command requires the specified peer to be connected.
Online verification compares each disk block on the local and peer node. Blocks which differ between
the nodes are marked as out-of-sync, but they are not automatically brought back into sync. To bring
them into sync, the resource must be disconnected and reconnected. Progress can be monitored in the
output of drbdsetup status --statistics. Available options:
--start position
Define where online verification should start. This parameter is ignored if online verification
is already in progress. If the start parameter is not specified, online verification will
continue where it was interrupted (if the connection to the peer was lost while verifying), after
the previous stop sector (if the previous online verification has finished), or at the beginning
of the device (if the end of the device was reached, or online verify has not run before).
The position on disk is specified in disk sectors (512 bytes) by default.
--stop position
Define where online verification should stop. If online verification is already in progress, the
stop position of the active online verification process is changed. Use this to stop online
verification.
The position on disk is specified in disk sectors (512 bytes) by default.
Also see the notes on data integrity in the drbd.conf(5) manual page.
drbdsetup wait-connect-volume resource peer_node_id volume,
drbdsetup wait-connect-connection resource peer_node_id,
drbdsetup wait-connect-resource resource,
drbdsetup wait-sync-volume resource peer_node_id volume,
drbdsetup wait-sync-connection resource peer_node_id,
drbdsetup wait-sync-resource resource
The wait-connect-* commands waits until a device on a peer is visible. The wait-sync-* commands waits
until a device on a peer is up to date. Available options for both commands:
--degr-wfc-timeout timeout
Define how long to wait until all peers are connected in case the cluster consisted of a single
node only when the system went down. This parameter is usually set to a value smaller than
wfc-timeout. The assumption here is that peers which were unreachable before a reboot are less
likely to be reachable after the reboot, so waiting is less likely to help.
The timeout is specified in seconds. The default value is 0, which stands for an infinite
timeout. Also see the wfc-timeout parameter.
--outdated-wfc-timeout timeout
Define how long to wait until all peers are connected if all peers were outdated when the system
went down. This parameter is usually set to a value smaller than wfc-timeout. The assumption here
is that an outdated peer cannot have become primary in the meantime, so we don't need to wait for
it as long as for a node which was alive before.
The timeout is specified in seconds. The default value is 0, which stands for an infinite
timeout. Also see the wfc-timeout parameter.
--wait-after-sb
This parameter causes DRBD to continue waiting in the init script even when a split-brain
situation has been detected, and the nodes therefore refuse to connect to each other.
--wfc-timeout timeout
Define how long the init script waits until all peers are connected. This can be useful in
combination with a cluster manager which cannot manage DRBD resources: when the cluster manager
starts, the DRBD resources will already be up and running. With a more capable cluster manager
such as Pacemaker, it makes more sense to let the cluster manager control DRBD resources. The
timeout is specified in seconds. The default value is 0, which stands for an infinite timeout.
Also see the degr-wfc-timeout parameter.
drbdsetup forget-peer resource peer_node_id
The forget-peer command removes all traces of a peer node from the meta-data. It frees a bitmap slot
in the meta-data and make it avalable for futher bitmap slot allocation in case a so-far never seen
node connects.
The connection must be taken down before this command may be used. In case the peer re-connects at a
later point a bit-map based resync will be turned into a full-sync.
EXAMPLES
Please see the DRBD User's Guide[1] for examples.
VERSION
This document was revised for version 9.0.0 of the DRBD distribution.
AUTHOR
Written by Philipp Reisner <philipp.reisner@linbit.com> and Lars Ellenberg <lars.ellenberg@linbit.com>.
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to <drbd-user@lists.linbit.com>.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2001-2018 LINBIT Information Technologies, Philipp Reisner, Lars Ellenberg. This is free
software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
SEE ALSO
drbd.conf(5), drbd(8), drbdadm(8), DRBD User's Guide[1], DRBD Web Site[2]
NOTES
1. DRBD User's Guide
http://www.drbd.org/users-guide/
2. DRBD Web Site
http://www.drbd.org/
DRBD 9.0.x 17 January 2018 DRBDSETUP(8)