Provided by: libpdf-builder-perl_3.023-1_all 
NAME
PDF::Builder::Content - Methods for adding graphics and text to a PDF
SYNOPSIS
# Start with a PDF page (new or opened)
my $pdf = PDF::Builder->new();
my $page = $pdf->page();
# Add new content object(s)
my $content = $page->gfx();
# and/or (as separate object name)
my $content = $page->text();
# Then call the methods below to add graphics and text to the page.
# Note that negative coordinates can have unpredictable effects, so
# keep your coordinates non-negative!
These methods add content to streams output for text or graphics objects. Unless otherwise restricted by
a check that we are in or out of text mode, many methods listed here apply equally to text and graphics
streams. It is possible that there are some which have no effect in one stream type or the other, but are
currently lacking a check to prevent them from being inserted into an inapplicable stream.
METHODS
All public methods listed, except as otherwise noted, return $self.
Coordinate Transformations
The methods in this section change the coordinate system for the current content object relative to the
rest of the document. Note: the changes are relative to the original page coordinates (and thus,
absolute), not to the previous position! Thus, "translate(10, 10); translate(10, 10);" ends up only
moving the origin to "[10, 10]", rather than to "[20, 20]". There is one call, "transform_rel()", which
makes your changes relative to the previous position.
If you call more than one of these methods, the PDF specification recommends calling them in the
following order: translate, rotate, scale, skew. Each change builds on the last, and you can get
unexpected results when calling them in a different order.
CAUTION: a text object ($content) behaves a bit differently. Individual translate, rotate, scale, and
skew calls cancel out any previous settings. If you want to combine multiple transformations for text,
use the "transform" call.
$content->translate($dx,$dy)
Moves the origin along the x and y axes by $dx and $dy respectively.
$content->rotate($degrees)
Rotates the coordinate system counter-clockwise (anti-clockwise) around the current origin. Use a
negative argument to rotate clockwise. Note that 360 degrees will be treated as 0 degrees.
Note: Unless you have already moved (translated) the origin, it is, and will remain, at the lower
left corner of the visible sheet. It will not automatically shift to another corner. For example, a
rotation of +90 degrees (counter-clockwise) will leave the entire visible sheet in negative Y
territory (0 at the left edge, -original_width at the right edge), while X remains in positive
territory (0 at bottom, +original_height at the top edge).
This "rotate()" call permits any angle. Do not confuse it with the page rotation "rotate" call, which
only permits increments of 90 degrees (with opposite sign!), but does shift the origin to another
corner of the sheet.
$content->scale($sx,$sy)
Scales (stretches) the coordinate systems along the x and y axes. Separate multipliers are provided
for x and y.
$content->skew($skx,$sky)
Skews the coordinate system by $skx degrees (counter-clockwise/anti-clockwise) from the x axis and
$sky degrees (clockwise) from the y axis. Note that 360 degrees will be treated the same as 0
degrees.
$content->transform(%opts)
Use one or more of the given %opts:
$content->transform(
-translate => [$dx,$dy],
-rotate => $degrees,
-scale => [$sx,$sy],
-skew => [$skx,$sky],
-matrix => [$a, $b, $c, $d, $e, $f],
-point => [$x,$y]
)
A six element list may be given ("-matrix") for a further transformation matrix:
$a = cos(rot) * scale factor for X
$b = sin(rot) * tan(skew for X)
$c = -sin(rot) * tan(skew for Y)
$d = cos(rot) * scale factor for Y
$e = translation for X
$f = translation for Y
Performs multiple coordinate transformations at once, in the order recommended by the PDF
specification (translate, rotate, scale, skew). This is equivalent to making each transformation
separately, in the indicated order. A matrix of 6 values may also be given ("-matrix"). The
transformation matrix is updated. A "-point" may be given (a point to be multiplied [transformed] by
the completed matrix).
$content->transform_rel(%opts)
Makes transformations similarly to "transform", except that it adds to the previously set values,
rather than replacing them (except for scale, which multiplies the new values with the old).
Unlike "transform", "-matrix" and "-point" are not supported.
$content->matrix($a, $b, $c, $d, $e, $f)
(Advanced) Sets the current transformation matrix manually. Unless you have a particular need to
enter transformations manually, you should use the "transform" method instead.
$a = cos(rot) * scale factor for X
$b = sin(rot) * tan(skew for X)
$c = -sin(rot) * tan(skew for Y)
$d = cos(rot) * scale factor for Y
$e = translation for X
$f = translation for Y
In text mode, the text matrix is returned. In graphics mode, $self is returned.
Graphics State Parameters
The following calls also affect the text state.
$content->linewidth($width)
Sets the width of the stroke. This is the line drawn in graphics mode, or the outline of a character
in text mode (with appropriate "render" mode). If no $width is given, the current setting is
returned. If the width is being set, $self is returned so that calls may be chained.
$content->linecap($style)
Sets the style to be used at the end of a stroke. This applies to lines which come to a free-floating
end, not to "joins" ("corners") in polylines (see "linejoin").
0 = Butt Cap
The stroke ends at the end of the path, with no projection.
1 = Round Cap
A semicircular arc is drawn around the end of the path with a diameter equal to the line width,
and is filled in.
2 = Projecting Square Cap
The stroke continues past the end of the path for half the line width.
If no $style is given, the current setting is returned. If the style is being set, $self is returned
so that calls may be chained.
$content->linejoin($style)
Sets the style of join to be used at corners of a path (within a multisegment polyline).
0 = Miter Join
The outer edges of the strokes extend until they meet, up to the limit specified by miterlimit.
If the limit would be surpassed, a bevel join is used instead. For a given linewidth, the more
acute the angle is (closer to 0 degrees), the higher the ratio of miter length to linewidth will
be, and that's what miterlimit controls.
1 = Round Join
A filled circle with a diameter equal to the linewidth is drawn around the corner point,
producing a rounded corner. The arc will meet up with the sides of the line in a smooth tangent.
2 = Bevel Join
A filled triangle is drawn to fill in the notch between the two strokes.
If no $style is given, the current setting is returned. If the style is being set, $self is returned
so that calls may be chained.
$content->miterlimit($ratio)
Sets the miter limit when the line join style is a miter join.
The ratio is the maximum length of the miter (inner to outer corner) divided by the line width. Any
miter above this ratio will be converted to a bevel join. The practical effect is that lines meeting
at shallow angles are chopped off instead of producing long pointed corners.
The default miter limit is 10.0 (approximately 11.5 degree cutoff angle). The smaller the limit, the
larger the cutoff angle.
If no $ratio is given, the current setting is returned. If the ratio is being set, $self is returned
so that calls may be chained.
$content->linedash()
$content->linedash($length)
$content->linedash($dash_length, $gap_length, ...)
$content->linedash(-pattern => [$dash_length, $gap_length, ...], -shift => $offset)
Sets the line dash pattern.
If called without any arguments, a solid line will be drawn.
If called with one argument, the dashes and gaps (strokes and spaces) will have equal lengths.
If called with two or more arguments, the arguments represent alternating dash and gap lengths.
If called with a hash of arguments, the -pattern array may have one or more elements, specifying the
dash and gap lengths. A dash phase may be set (-shift), which is a positive integer specifying the
distance into the pattern at which to start the dashed line. Note that if you wish to give a shift
amount, using "-shift", you need to use "-pattern" instead of one or two elements.
If an odd number of dash array elements are given, the list is repeated by the reader software to
form an even number of elements (pairs).
If a single argument of -1 is given, the current setting is returned. This is an array consisting of
two elements: an anonymous array containing the dash pattern (default: empty), and the shift (offset)
amount (default: 0). If the dash pattern is being set, $self is returned so that calls may be
chained.
$content->flatness($tolerance)
(Advanced) Sets the maximum variation in output pixels when drawing curves. The defined range of
$tolerance is 0 to 100, with 0 meaning use the device default flatness. According to the PDF
specification, you should not try to force visible line segments (the curve's approximation); results
will be unpredictable. Usually, results for different flatness settings will be indistinguishable to
the eye.
The $tolerance value is silently clamped to be between 0 and 100.
If no $tolerance is given, the current setting is returned. If the tolerance is being set, $self is
returned so that calls may be chained.
$content->egstate($object)
(Advanced) Adds an Extended Graphic State object containing additional state parameters.
Path Construction (Drawing)
$content->move($x,$y)
Starts a new path at the specified coordinates. Note that multiple x,y pairs can be given, although
this isn't that useful (only the last pair would have an effect).
$content->close()
Closes and ends the current path by extending a line from the current position to the starting
position.
$content->endpath()
Ends the current path without explicitly enclosing it. That is, unlike "close", there is no line
segment drawn back to the starting position.
Straight line constructs
Note: None of these will actually be visible until you call "stroke" or "fill". They are merely setting
up the path to draw.
$content->line($x,$y)
$content->line($x,$y, $x2,$y2,...)
Extends the path in a line from the current coordinates to the specified coordinates, and updates the
current position to be the new coordinates.
Multiple additional "[$x,$y]" pairs are permitted, to draw joined multiple line segments. Note that
this is not equivalent to a polyline (see "poly"), because the first "[$x,$y]" pair in a polyline is
a move operation. Also, the "linecap" setting will be used rather than the "linejoin" setting for
treating the ends of segments.
$content->hline($x)
$content->vline($y)
Shortcuts for drawing horizontal and vertical lines from the current position. They are like
"line()", but to the new x and current y ("hline"), or to the the current x and new y ("vline").
$content->poly($x1,$y1, ..., $xn,$yn)
This is a shortcut for creating a polyline path. It moves to "[$x1,$y1]", and then extends the path
in line segments along the specified coordinates. The current position is changed to the last
"[$x,$y]" pair given.
The difference between a polyline and a "line" with multiple "[$x,$y]" pairs is that the first pair
in a polyline are a move, while in a line they are a draw. Also, "linejoin" instead of "linecap" is
used to control the appearance of the ends of line segments.
$content->rect($x,$y, $w,$h)
$content->rect($x1,$y1, $w1,$h1, ..., $xn,$yn, $wn,$hn)
This creates paths for one or more rectangles, with their lower left points at "[$x,$y]" and
specified widths (+x direction) and heights (+y direction). Negative widths and heights are
permitted, which draw to the left (-x) and below (-y) the given corner point, respectively. The
current position is changed to the "[$x,$y]" of the last rectangle given. Note that this is the
starting point of the rectangle, not the end point.
$content->rectxy($x1,$y1, $x2,$y2)
This creates a rectangular path, with "[$x1,$y1]" and "[$x2,$y2]" specifying opposite corners. They
can be Lower Left and Upper Right, or Upper Left and Lower Right, in either order, so long as they
are diagonally opposite each other. The current position is changed to the "[$x1,$y1]" (first) pair.
Curved line constructs
Note: None of these will actually be visible until you call "stroke" or "fill". They are merely setting
up the path to draw.
$content->circle($xc,$yc, $radius)
This creates a circular path centered on "[$xc,$yc]" with the specified radius. It does not change
the current position.
$content->ellipse($xc,$yc, $rx,$ry)
This creates a closed elliptical path centered on "[$xc,$yc]", with axis radii (semidiameters)
specified by $rx (x axis) and $ry (y axis), respectively. It does not change the current position.
$content->arc($xc,$yc, $rx,$ry, $alpha,$beta, $move, $dir)
$content->arc($xc,$yc, $rx,$ry, $alpha,$beta, $move)
This extends the path along an arc of an ellipse centered at "[$xc,$yc]". The semidiameters of the
elliptical curve are $rx (x axis) and $ry (y axis), respectively, and the arc sweeps from $alpha
degrees to $beta degrees. The current position is then set to the endpoint of the arc.
Set $move to a true value if this arc is the beginning of a new path instead of the continuation of
an existing path. Either way, the current position will be updated to the end of the arc. Use "$rx
== $ry" for a circular arc.
The optional $dir arc sweep direction defaults to 0 (false), for a counter-clockwise/anti-clockwise
sweep. Set to 1 (true) for a clockwise sweep.
$content->pie($xc,$yc, $rx,$ry, $alpha,$beta, $dir)
$content->pie($xc,$yc, $rx,$ry, $alpha,$beta)
Creates a pie-shaped path from an ellipse centered on "[$xc,$yc]". The x-axis and y-axis
semidiameters of the ellipse are $rx and $ry, respectively, and the arc sweeps from $alpha degrees to
$beta degrees. It does not change the current position. Depending on the sweep angles and
direction, this can draw either the pie "slice" or the remaining pie (with slice removed). Use "$rx
== $ry" for a circular pie. Use a different "[$xc,$yc]" for the slice, to offset it from the
remaining pie.
The optional $dir arc sweep direction defaults to 0 (false), for a counter-clockwise/anti-clockwise
sweep. Set to 1 (true) for a clockwise sweep.
This is a shortcut to draw a section of elliptical (or circular) arc and connect it to the center of
the ellipse or circle, to form a pie shape.
$content->curve($cx1,$cy1, $cx2,$cy2, $x,$y)
This extends the path in a curve from the current point to "[$x,$y]", using the two specified control
points to create a cubic Bezier curve, and updates the current position to be the new point
("[$x,$y]").
Within a text object, the text's baseline follows the Bezier curve.
Note that while multiple sets of three "[x,y]" pairs are permitted, these are treated as independent
cubic Bezier curves. There is no attempt made to smoothly blend one curve into the next!
$content->qbspline($cx1,$cy1, $x,$y)
This extends the path in a curve from the current point to "[$x,$y]", using the two specified points
to create a quadratic Bezier curve, and updates the current position to be the new point.
Internally, these splines are one or more cubic Bezier curves (see "curve") with the two control
points synthesized from the two given points (a control point and the end point of a quadratic Bezier
curve).
Note that while multiple sets of two "[x,y]" pairs are permitted, these are treated as independent
quadratic Bezier curves. There is no attempt made to smoothly blend one curve into the next!
Further note that this "spline" does not match the common definition of a spline being a continuous
curve passing through all the given points! It is a piecewise non-continuous cubic Bezier curve. Use
with care, and do not make assumptions about splines for you or your readers. You may wish to use the
"bspline" call to have a continuously smooth spline to pass through all given points.
Pairs of points (control point and end point) are consumed in a loop. If one point or coordinate is
left over at the end, it is discarded (as usual practice for excess data to a routine). There is no
check for duplicate points or other degeneracies.
$content->bspline($ptsRef, %opts)
$content->bspline($ptsRef)
This extends the path in a curve from the current point to the end of a list of coordinate pairs in
the array referenced by $ptsRef. Smoothly continuous cubic Bezier splines are used to create a curve
that passes through all the given points. Multiple control points are synthesized; they are not
supplied in the call. The current position is updated to the last point.
Internally, these splines are one cubic Bezier curve (see "curve") per pair of input points, with the
two control points synthesized from the tangent through each point as set by the polyline that would
connect each point to its neighbors. The intent is that the resulting curve should follow reasonably
closely a polyline that would connect the points, and should avoid any major excursions. See the
discussions below for the handling of the control points at the endpoints (current point and last
input point). The point at the end of the last line or curve drawn becomes the new current point.
%opts
-firstseg => 'mode'
where mode is
curve
This is the default behavior. This forces the first segment (from the current point to the
first given point) to be drawn as a cubic Bezier curve. This means that the direction of the
curve coming off the current point is unconstrained (it will end up being a reflection of the
tangent at the first given point).
line1
This forces the first segment (from the current point to the first given point) to be drawn
as a curve, with the tangent at the current point to be constrained as parallel to the
polyline segment.
line2
This forces the first segment (from the current point to the first given point) to be drawn
as a line segment. This also sets the tangent through the first given point as a continuation
of the line, as well as constraining the direction of the line at the current point.
constraint1
This forces the first segment (from the current point to the first given point) to not be
drawn, but to be an invisible curve (like mode=line1) to leave the tangent at the first given
point unconstrained. A move will be made to the first given point, and the current point is
otherwise ignored.
constraint2
This forces the first segment (from the current point to the first given point) to not be
drawn, but to be an invisible line (like mode=line2) to constrain the tangent at the first
given point. A move will be made to the first given point, and the current point is otherwise
ignored.
-lastseg => 'mode'
where mode is
curve
This is the default behavior. This forces the last segment (to the last given input point)
to be drawn as a cubic Bezier curve. This means that the direction of the curve goin to the
last point is unconstrained (it will end up being a reflection of the tangent at the next-to-
last given point).
line1
This forces the last segment (to the last given input point) to be drawn as a curve with the
the tangent through the last given point parallel to the polyline segment, thus constraining
the direction of the line at the last point.
line2
This forces the last segment (to the last given input point) to be drawn as a line segment.
This also sets the tangent through the next-to-last given point as a back continuation of the
line, as well as constraining the direction of the line at the last point.
constraint1
This forces the last segment (to the last given input point) to not be drawn, but to be an
invisible curve (like mode=line1) to leave the tangent at the next-to-last given point
unconstrained. The last given input point is ignored, and next-to-last point becomes the new
current point.
constraint2
This forces the last segment (to the last given input point) to not be drawn, but to be an
invisible line (like mode=line2) to constrain the tangent at the next-to-last given point.
The last given input point is ignored, and next-to-last point becomes the new current point.
-ratio => n
n is the ratio of the length from a point to a control point to the length of the polyline
segment on that side of the given point. It must be greater than 0.1, and the default is 0.3333
(1/3).
-colinear => 'mode'
This describes how to handle the middle segment when there are four or more colinear points in
the input set. A mode of 'line' specifies that a line segment will be drawn between each of the
interior colinear points. A mode of 'curve' (this is the default) will draw a Bezier curve
between each of those points.
"-colinear" applies only to interior runs of colinear points, between curves. It does not apply
to runs at the beginning or end of the point list, which are drawn as line segments or linear
constraints regardless of -firstseg and -lastseg settings.
-debug => N
If N is 0 (the default), only the spline is returned. If it is greater than 0, a number of
additional items will be drawn: (N>0) the points, (N>1) a green solid polyline connecting them,
(N>2) blue original tangent lines at each interior point, and (N>3) red dashed lines and hollow
points representing the Bezier control points.
Special cases
Adjacent points which are duplicates are consolidated. An extra coordinate at the end of the input point
list (not a full "[x,y]" pair) will, as usual, be ignored.
0 given points (after duplicate consolidation)
This leaves only the current point (unchanged), so it is a no-op.
1 given point (after duplicate consolidation)
This leaves the current point and one point, so it is rendered as a line, regardless of %opt flags.
2 given points (after duplicate consolidation)
This leaves the current point, an intermediate point, and the end point. If the three points are
colinear, two line segments will be drawn. Otherwise, both segments are curves (through the tangent
at the intermediate point). If either end segment mode is requested to be a line or constraint, it is
treated as a line1 mode request instead.
N colinear points at beginning or end
N colinear points at beginning or end of the point set causes N-1 line segments ("line2" or
"constraint2", regardless of the settings of "-firstseg", "-lastseg", and "-colinear".
$content->bogen($x1,$y1, $x2,$y2, $radius, $move, $larger, $reverse)
$content->bogen($x1,$y1, $x2,$y2, $radius, $move, $larger)
$content->bogen($x1,$y1, $x2,$y2, $radius, $move)
$content->bogen($x1,$y1, $x2,$y2, $radius)
(German for bow, as in a segment (arc) of a circle. This is a segment of a circle defined by the
intersection of two circles of a given radius, with the two intersection points as inputs. There are
four possible resulting arcs, which can be selected with $larger and $reverse.)
This extends the path along an arc of a circle of the specified radius between "[$x1,$y1]" to
"[$x2,$y2]". The current position is then set to the endpoint of the arc ("[$x2,$y2]").
Set $move to a true value if this arc is the beginning of a new path instead of the continuation of
an existing path. Note that the default ($move = false) is not a straight line to P1 and then the
arc, but a blending into the curve from the current point. It will often not pass through P1!
Set $larger to a true value to draw the larger ("outer") arc between the two points, instead of the
smaller one. Both arcs are drawn clockwise from P1 to P2. The default value of false draws the
smaller arc.
Set $reverse to a true value to draw the mirror image of the specified arc (flip it over, so that its
center point is on the other side of the line connecting the two points). Both arcs are drawn
counter-clockwise from P1 to P2. The default (false) draws clockwise arcs.
The $radius value cannot be smaller than half the distance from "[$x1,$y1]" to "[$x2,$y2]". If it is
too small, the radius will be set to half the distance between the points (resulting in an arc that
is a semicircle). This is a silent error.
Path Painting (Drawing)
$content->stroke()
Strokes the current path.
$content->fill($use_even_odd_fill)
Fill the current path's enclosed area. It does not stroke the enclosing path around the area.
If the path intersects with itself, the nonzero winding rule will be used to determine which part of
the path is filled in. This basically fills in everything inside the path. If you would prefer to use
the even-odd rule, pass a true argument. This basically will fill alternating closed sub-areas.
See the PDF Specification, section 8.5.3.3, for more details on filling.
$content->fillstroke($use_even_odd_fill)
Fill the enclosed area and then stroke the current path.
$content->clip($use_even_odd_fill)
$content->clip()
Modifies the current clipping path by intersecting it with the current path. Initially (a fresh
page), the clipping path is the entire media. Each definition of a path, and a "clip()" call,
intersects the new path with the existing clip path, so the resulting clip path is no larger than the
new path, and may even be empty if the intersection is null.
If any $use_even_odd_fill parameter is given, use even-odd fill (W*) instead of winding-rule fill
(W). It is common usage to make the "endpath()" call (n) after the "clip()" call, to clear the path
(unless you want to reuse that path, such as to fill and/or stroke it to show the clip path). If you
want to clip text glyphs, it gets rather complicated, as a clip port cannot be created within a text
object (that will have an effect on text). See the object discussion in "Rendering Order" in
PDF::Builder::Docs.
my $grfxC1 = $page->gfx();
my $textC = $page->text();
my $grfxC2 = $page->gfx();
...
$grfxC1->save();
$grfxC1->endpath();
$grfxC1->rect(...);
$grfxC1->clip();
$grfxC1->endpath();
...
$textC-> output text to be clipped
...
$grfxC2->restore();
Colors
$content->fillcolor($color)
$content->strokecolor($color)
Sets the fill (enclosed area) or stroke (path) color. The interior of text characters are filled, and
(if ordered by "render") the outline is stroked.
# Use a named color
# -> RGB color model
# there are many hundreds of named colors defined in
# PDF::Builder::Resource::Colors
$content->fillcolor('blue');
# Use an RGB color (# followed by 3, 6, 9, or 12 hex digits)
# -> RGB color model
# This maps to 0-1.0 values for red, green, and blue
$content->fillcolor('#FF0000'); # red
# Use a CMYK color (% followed by 4, 8, 12, or 16 hex digits)
# -> CMYK color model
# This maps to 0-1.0 values for cyan, magenta, yellow, and black
$content->fillcolor('%FF000000'); # cyan
# Use an HSV color (! followed by 3, 6, 9, or 12 hex digits)
# -> RGB color model
# This maps to 0-360 degrees for the hue, and 0-1.0 values for
# saturation and value
$content->fillcolor('!FF0000');
# Use an HSL color (& followed by 3, 6, 9, or 12 hex digits)
# -> L*a*b color model
# This maps to 0-360 degrees for the hue, and 0-1.0 values for
# saturation and lightness. Note that 360 degrees = 0 degrees (wraps)
$content->fillcolor('&FF0000');
# Use an L*a*b color ($ followed by 3, 6, 9, or 12 hex digits)
# -> L*a*b color model
# This maps to 0-100 for L, -100 to 100 for a and b
$content->fillcolor('$FF0000');
In all cases, if too few digits are given, the given digits are silently right-padded with 0's
(zeros). If an incorrect number of digits are given, the next lowest number of expected digits are
used, and the remaining digits are silently ignored.
# A single number between 0.0 (black) and 1.0 (white) is an alternate way
# of specifying a gray scale.
$content->fillcolor(0.5);
# Three array elements between 0.0 and 1.0 is an alternate way of specifying
# an RGB color.
$content->fillcolor(0.3, 0.59, 0.11);
# Four array elements between 0.0 and 1.0 is an alternate way of specifying
# a CMYK color.
$content->fillcolor(0.1, 0.9, 0.3, 1.0);
In all cases, if a number is less than 0, it is silently turned into a 0. If a number is greater than
1, it is silently turned into a 1. This "clamps" all values to the range 0.0-1.0.
# A single reference is treated as a pattern or shading space.
# Two or more entries with the first element a Perl reference, is treated
# as either an indexed colorspace reference plus color-index(es), or
# as a custom colorspace reference plus parameter(s).
If no value was passed in, the current fill color (or stroke color) array is returned, otherwise
$self is returned.
$content->shade($shade, @coord)
Sets the shading matrix.
$shade
A hash reference that includes a "name()" method for the shade name.
@coord
An array of 4 items: X-translation, Y-translation, X-scaled and translated, Y-scaled and
translated.
External Objects
$content->image($image_object, $x,$y, $width,$height)
$content->image($image_object, $x,$y, $scale)
$content->image($image_object, $x,$y)
$content->image($image_object)
# Example
my $image_object = $pdf->image_jpeg($my_image_file);
$content->image($image_object, 100, 200);
Places an image on the page in the specified location (specifies the lower left corner of the image).
The default location is "[0,0]".
If coordinate transformations have been made (see Coordinate Transformations above), the position and
scale will be relative to the updated coordinates. Otherwise, "[0,0]" will represent the bottom left
corner of the page, and $width and $height will be measured at 72dpi.
For example, if you have a 600x600 image that you would like to be shown at 600dpi (i.e., one inch
square), set the width and height to 72. (72 Big Points is one inch)
$content->formimage($form_object, $x,$y, $scaleX, $scaleY)
$content->formimage($form_object, $x,$y, $scale)
$content->formimage($form_object, $x,$y)
$content->formimage($form_object)
Places an XObject on the page in the specified location (giving the lower left corner of the image)
and scale (applied to the image's native height and width). If no scale is given, use 1 for both X
and Y. If one scale is given, use for both X and Y. If two scales given, they are for (separately) X
and Y. In general, you should not greatly distort an image by using greatly different scaling factors
in X and Y, although it is now possible for when that effect is desirable. The "$x,$y" default is
"[0,0]".
Note that while this method is named form image, it is also used for the pseudoimages created by the
barcode routines. Images are naturally dimensionless (1 point square) and need at some point to be
scaled up to the desired point size. Barcodes are naturally sized in points, and should be scaled at
approximately 1. Therefore, it would greatly overscale barcodes to multiply by image width and height
within "formimage", and require scaling of 1/width and 1/height in the call. So, we leave scaling
alone within "formimage" and have the user manually scale images by the image width and height (in
pixels) in the call to "formimage".
Text
Text State Parameters
All of the following parameters that take a size are applied before any scaling takes place, so you don't
need to adjust values to counteract scaling.
$spacing = $content->charspace($spacing)
Sets additional spacing between characters in a line. This is in points, and is initially zero. It
may be positive to give an expanded effect to words, or it may be negative to give a condensed effect
to words. If $spacing is given, the current setting is replaced by that value and $self is returned
(to permit chaining). If $spacing is not given, the current setting is returned.
CAUTION: be careful about using "charspace" if you are using a connected font. This might include
Arabic, Devanagari, Latin cursive handwriting, and so on. You don't want to leave gaps between
characters, or cause overlaps. For such fonts and typefaces, set the "charspace" spacing to 0.
$spacing = $content->wordspace($spacing)
Sets additional spacing between words in a line. This is in points and is initially zero (i.e., just
the width of the space, without anything extra). It may be negative to close up sentences a bit. If
$spacing is given, the current setting is replaced by that value and $self is returned (to permit
chaining). If $spacing is not given, the current setting is returned.
Note that it is a limitation of the PDF specification (as of version 1.7, section 9.3.3) that only
spacing with an ASCII space (x20) is adjusted. Neither required blanks (xA0) nor any multiple-byte
spaces (including thin and wide spaces) are currently adjusted.
$scale = $content->hscale($scale)
Sets the percentage of horizontal text scaling (relative sizing, not spacing). This is initally 100
(percent, i.e., no scaling). A scale of greater than 100 will stretch the text, while less than 100
will compress it. If $scale is given, the current setting is replaced by that value and $self is
returned (to permit chaining). If $scale is not given, the current setting is returned.
Note that scaling affects all of the character widths, interletter spacing, and interword spacing. It
is inadvisable to stretch or compress text by a large amount, as it will quickly make the text
unreadable. If your objective is to justify text, you will usually be better off using "charspace"
and "wordspace" to expand (or slightly condense) a line to fill a desired width. Also see the
"text_justify()" calls for this purpose.
$leading = $content->leading($leading)
$leading = $content->leading()
Sets the text leading, which is the distance between baselines. This is initially zero (i.e., the
lines will be printed on top of each other). The unit of leading is points. If $leading is given,
the current setting is replaced by that value and $self is returned (to permit chaining). If
$leading is not given, the current setting is returned.
Note that "leading" here is defined as used in electronic typesetting and the PDF specification,
which is the full interline spacing (text baseline to text baseline distance, in points). In cold
metal typesetting, leading was usually the extra spacing between lines beyond the font height itself,
created by inserting lead (type alloy) shims.
$leading = $content->lead($leading)
$leading = $content->lead()
Deprecated, to be removed after March 2023. Use "leading()" now.
Note that the "$self-"{' lead'}> internal variable is no longer available, having been replaced by
"$self-"{' leading'}>.
$mode = $content->render($mode)
Sets the text rendering mode.
0 = Fill text
1 = Stroke text (outline)
2 = Fill, then stroke text
3 = Neither fill nor stroke text (invisible)
4 = Fill text and add to path for clipping
5 = Stroke text and add to path for clipping
6 = Fill, then stroke text and add to path for clipping
7 = Add text to path for clipping
If $mode is given, the current setting is replaced by that value and $self is returned (to permit
chaining). If $mode is not given, the current setting is returned.
$dist = $content->rise($dist)
Adjusts the baseline up or down from its current location. This is initially zero. A $dist greater
than 0 moves the baseline up the page (y increases).
Use this for creating superscripts or subscripts (usually along with an adjustment to the font size).
If $dist is given, the current setting is replaced by that value and $self is returned (to permit
chaining). If $dist is not given, the current setting is returned.
%state = $content->textstate(charspace => $value, wordspace => $value, ...)
This is a shortcut for setting multiple text state parameters at once. If any parameters are set, an
empty hash is returned. This can also be used without arguments to retrieve the current text state
settings (a hash of the state is returned).
Note: This does not work with the "save" and "restore" commands.
$content->font($font_object, $size)
Sets the font and font size.
# Example (12 point Helvetica)
my $pdf = PDF::Builder->new();
my $fontname = $pdf->corefont('Helvetica');
$content->font($fontname, 12);
Positioning Text
$content->distance($dx,$dy)
This moves to the start of the previously-written line, plus an offset by the given amounts, which
are both required. "[0,0]" would overwrite the previous line, while "[0,36]" would place the new line
36pt above the old line (higher y). The $dx moves to the right, if positive.
"distance" is analogous to graphic's "move", except that it is relative to the beginning of the
previous text write, not to the coordinate origin. Note that subsequent text writes will be relative
to this new starting (left) point and Y position! E.g., if you give a non-zero $dx, subsequent lines
will be indented by that amount.
$content->cr()
$content->cr($vertical_offset)
$content->cr(0)
If passed without an argument, moves (down) to the start of the next line (distance set by
"leading"). This is similar to "nl()".
If passed with an argument, the "leading" distance is ignored and the next line starts that far up
the page (positive value) or down the page (negative value) from the current line. "Y" increases
upward, so a negative value would normally be used to get to the next line down.
An argument of 0 would simply return to the start of the present line, overprinting it with new text.
That is, it acts as a simple carriage return, without a linefeed.
$content->nl()
$content->nl($indent)
$content->nl(0)
Moves to the start of the next line (see "leading"). If $indent is not given, or is 0, there is no
indentation. Otherwise, indent by that amount (outdent if a negative value). The unit of measure is
hundredths of a "unit of text space", or roughly 88 per em.
($tx,$ty) = $content->textpos()
Returns the current text position on the page (where next write will happen) as an array.
Note: This does not affect the PDF in any way. It only tells you where the the next write will occur.
$width = $content->advancewidth($string, %opts)
$width = $content->advancewidth($string)
Options %opts:
font => $f3_TimesRoman
Change the font used, overriding $self->{' font'}. The font must have been previously created
(i.e., is not the name). Example: use Times-Roman.
fontsize => 12
Change the font size, overriding $self->{' fontsize'}. Example: 12 pt font.
wordspace => 0.8
Change the additional word spacing, overriding $self->wordspace(). Example: add 0.8 pt between
words.
charspace => -2.1
Change the additional character spacing, overriding $self->charspace(). Example: subtract 2.1 pt
between letters, to condense the text.
hscale => 125
Change the horizontal scaling factor, overriding $self->hscale(). Example: stretch text to 125%
of its natural width.
Returns the width of the $string based on all currently set text-state attributes. These can
optionally be overridden with %opts. Note that these values temporarily replace the existing values,
not scaling them up or down. For example, if the existing charspace is 2, and you give in options a
value of 3, the value used is 3, not 5.
Note: This does not affect the PDF in any way. It only tells you how much horizontal space a text
string will take up.
Rendering Text
Single Lines
$width = $content->text($text, %opts)
$width = $content->text($text)
Adds text to the page (left justified). The width used (in points) is returned.
Options:
-indent => $distance
Indents the text by the number of points (A value less than 0 gives an outdent).
-underline => 'none'
-underline => 'auto'
-underline => $distance
-underline => [$distance, $thickness, ...]
Underlines the text. $distance is the number of units beneath the baseline, and $thickness is the
width of the line. Multiple underlines can be made by passing several distances and thicknesses.
A value of 'none' means no underlining (is the default).
Example:
# 3 underlines:
# distance 4, thickness 1, color red
# distance 7, thickness 1.5, color yellow
# distance 11, thickness 2, color (strokecolor default)
-underline=>[4,[1,'red'],7,[1.5,'yellow'],11,2],
-strikethru => 'none'
-strikethru => 'auto'
-strikethru => $distance
-strikethru => [$distance, $thickness, ...]
Strikes through the text (like HTML s tag). A value of 'auto' places the line about 30% of the
font size above the baseline, or a specified $distance (above the baseline) and $thickness (in
points). Multiple strikethroughs can be made by passing several distances and thicknesses. A
value of 'none' means no strikethrough. It is the default.
Example:
# 2 strikethroughs:
# distance 4, thickness 1, color red
# distance 7, thickness 1.5, color yellow
-strikethru=>[4,[1,'red'],7,[1.5,'yellow']],
$width = $content->textHS($HSarray, $settings, %opts)
$width = $content->textHS($HSarray, $settings)
Takes an array of hashes produced by HarfBuzz::Shaper and outputs them to the PDF output file.
HarfBuzz outputs glyph CIDs and positioning information. It may rearrange and swap characters
(glyphs), and the result may bear no resemblance to the original Unicode point list. You should see
examples/HarfBuzz.pl, which shows a number of examples with Latin and non-Latin text, as well as
vertical writing. examples/resources/HarfBuzz_example.pdf is available in case you want to see some
examples and don't yet have HarfBuzz::Shaper installed.
$HSarray
This is the reference to array of hashes produced by HarfBuzz::Shaper, normally unchanged after
being created (but can be modified). See "Using Shaper" in PDF::Builder::Docs for some things
that can be done.
$settings
This a reference to a hash of various pieces of information that "textHS()" needs in order to
function. They include:
script => 'script_name'
This is the standard 4 letter code (e.g., 'Latn') for the script (alphabet and writing
system) you're using. Currently, only Latn (Western writing systems) do kerning, and 'Latn'
is the default. HarfBuzz::Shaper will usually be able to figure out from the Unicode points
used what the script is, and you might be able to use the "set_script()" call to override its
guess. However, PDF::Builder and HarfBuzz::Shaper do not talk to each other about the script
being used.
features => array_of_features
This item is required, but may be empty, e.g., "$settings->{'features'} = ();". It can
include switches using the standard HarfBuzz naming, and a + or - switch, such as '-liga' to
turn off ligatures. '-liga' and '-kern', to turn off ligatures and kerning, are the only
features supported currently. Note that this is separate from any switches for features that
you send to HarfBuzz::Shaper (with "$hb->add_features()", etc.) when you run it (before
"textHS()").
language => 'language_code'
This item is optional and currently does not appear to have any substantial effect with
HarfBuzz::Shaper. It is the standard code for the language to be used, such as 'en' or
'en_US'. You might need to define this for HarfBuzz::Shaper, in case that system can't
surmise the language rules to be used.
dir => 'flag'
Tell "textHS()" whether this text is to be written in a Left-To-Right manner (L, the
default), Right-To-Left (R), Top-To-Bottom (T), or Bottom-To-Top (B). From the script used
(Unicode points), HarfBuzz::Shaper can usually figure out what direction to write text in.
Also, HarfBuzz::Shaper does not share its information with PDF::Builder -- you need to
separately specify the direction, unless you want to accept the default LTR direction. You
can use HarfBuzz::Shaper's "get_direction()" call (in addition to "get_language()" and
"get_script()") to see what HarfBuzz thinks is the correct text direction. "set_direction()"
may be used to override Shaper's guess as to the direction.
By the way, if the direction is RTL, HarfBuzz will reverse the text and return an array with
the last character first (to be written LTR). Likewise, for BTT, HarfBuzz will reverse the
text and return a string to be written from the top down. Languages which are normally
written horizontally are usually set vertically with direction TTB. If setting text
vertically, ligatures and kerning, as well as character connectivity for cursive scripts, are
automatically turned off, so don't let the direction default to LTR or RTL in the Shaper
call, and then try to fix it up in "textHS()".
align => 'flag'
Given the current output location, align the text at the Beginning of the line (left for LTR,
right for RTL), Centered at the location, or at the End of the line (right for LTR, left for
RTL). The default is B. Centered is analogous to using "text_center()", and End is analogous
to using "text_right()". Similar alignments are done for TTB and BTT.
dump => flag
Set to 1, it prints out positioning and glyph CID information (to STDOUT) for each glyph in
the chunk. The default is 0 (no information dump).
-minKern => amount (default 1)
If the amount of kerning (font character width differs from glyph ax value) is larger than
this many character grid units, use the unaltered ax for the width ("textHS()" will output a
kern amount in the TJ operation). Otherwise, ignore kerning and use ax of the actual
character width. The intent is to avoid bloating the PDF code with unnecessary tiny kerning
adjustments in the TJ operation.
%opts
This a hash of options.
-underline => underlining_instructions
See "text()" for available instructions.
-strikethru => strikethrough_instructions
See "text()" for available instructions.
-strokecolor => line_color
Color specification (e.g., 'green', '#FF3377') for underline or strikethrough, if not given
in an array with their instructions.
Text is sent separately to HarfBuzz::Shaper in 'chunks' ('segments') of a single script (alphabet), a
single direction (LTR, RTL, TTB, or BTT), a single font file, and a single font size. A chunk may
consist of a large amount of text, but at present, "textHS()" can only output a single line. For long
lines that need to be split into column-width lines, the best way may be to take the array of hashes
returned by HarfBuzz::Shaper and split it into smaller chunks at spaces and other whitespace. You may
have to query the font to see what the glyph CIDs are for space and anything else used.
It is expected that when "textHS()" is called, that the font and font size have already been set in
PDF::Builder code, as this information is needed to interpret what HarfBuzz::Shaper is returning, and
to write it to the PDF file. Needless to say, the font should be opened from the same file as was
given to HarfBuzz::Shaper ("ttfont()" only, with .ttf or .otf files), and the font size must be the
same. The appropriate location on the page must also already have been specified.
NOTE: as HarfBuzz::Shaper is still in its early days, it is possible that there will be major changes
in its API. We hope that all changes will be upwardly compatible, but do not control this package and
cannot guarantee that there will not be any incompatible changes that in turn require changes to
PDF::Builder ("textHS()").
$width = $content->advancewidthHS($HSarray, $settings, %opts)
$width = $content->advancewidthHS($HSarray, $settings)
Returns text chunk width (in points) for Shaper-defined glyph array. This is the horizontal width
for LTR and RTL direction, and the vertical height for TTB and BTT direction. Note: You must define
the font and font size before calling "advancewidthHS()".
$HSarray
The array reference of glyphs created by the HarfBuzz::Shaper call. See "textHS()" for details.
$settings
the hash reference of settings. See "textHS()" for details.
dir => 'L' etc.
the direction of the text, to know which "advance" value to sum up.
%opts
Options. Unlike "advancewidth()", you cannot override the font, font size, etc. used by
HarfBuzz::Shaper to calculate the glyph list.
-doKern => flag (default 1)
If 1, cancel minor kerns per "-minKern" setting. This flag should be 0 (false) if -kern was
passed to HarfBuzz::Shaper (do not kern text). This is treated as 0 if an ax override
setting is given.
-minKern => amount (default 1)
If the amount of kerning (font character width differs from glyph ax value) is larger than
this many character grid units, use the unaltered ax for the width ("textHS()" will output a
kern amount in the TJ operation). Otherwise, ignore kerning and use ax of the actual
character width. The intent is to avoid bloating the PDF code with unnecessary tiny kerning
adjustments in the TJ operation.
Returns total width in points.
Advanced Methods
$content->save()
Saves the current graphics state on a PDF stack. See PDF definition 8.4.2 through 8.4.4 for details.
This includes the line width, the line cap style, line join style, miter limit, line dash pattern,
stroke color, fill color, current transformation matrix, current clipping port, flatness, and
dictname. This method applies to both text and gfx objects.
$content->restore()
Restores the most recently saved graphics state (see "save"), removing it from the stack. You cannot
restore the graphics state (pop it off the stack) unless you have done at least one save (pushed it
on the stack). This method applies to both text and gfx objects.
$content->add(@content)
Add raw content (arbitrary string(s)) to the PDF stream. You will generally want to use the other
methods in this class instead, unless this is in order to implement some PDF operation that
PDF::Builder does not natively support. An array of multiple strings may be given; they will be
concatenated with spaces between them.
Be careful when doing this, as you are dabbling in the black arts, directly setting PDF operations!
One interesting use is to split up an overly long object stream that is giving your editor problems
when exploring a PDF file. Add a newline add("\n") every few hundred bytes of output or so, to do
this. Note that you must use double quotes (quotation marks), rather than single quotes
(apostrophes).
Use extreme care if inserting BT and ET markers into the PDF stream. You may want to use
"textstart()" and "textend()" calls instead, and even then, there are many side effects either way.
It is generally not useful to suspend text mode with ET/textend and BT/textstart, but it is possible,
if you really need to do it.
Another, useful, case is when your input PDF is from the Chrome browser printing a page to PDF with
headers and/or footers. In some versions, this leaves the PDF page with a strange scaling (such as
the page height in points divided by 3300) and the Y-axis flipped so 0 is at the top. This causes
problems when trying to add additional text or graphics in a new text or graphics record, where text
is flipped (mirrored) upsidedown and at the wrong end of the page. If this happens, you might be able
to cure it by adding
$scale = .23999999; # example, 792/3300, examine PDF or experiment!
...
if ($scale != 1) {
my @pageDim = $page->mediabox(); # e.g., 0 0 612 792
my $size_page = $pageDim[3]/$scale; # 3300 = 792/.23999999
my $invScale = 1.0/$scale; # 4.16666684
$text->add("$invScale 0 0 -$invScale 0 $size_page cm");
}
as the first output to the $text stream. Unfortunately, it is difficult to predict exactly what
$scale should be, as it may be 3300 units per page, or a fixed amount. You may need to examine an
uncompressed PDF file stream to see what is being used. It might be possible to get the input
(original) PDF into a string and look for a certain pattern of "cm" output
.2399999 0 0 -.23999999 0 792 cm
or similar, which is not within a save/restore (q/Q). If the stream is already compressed, this might
not be possible.
$content->addNS(@content)
Like "add()", but does not make sure there is a space between each element and before and after the
new content. It is up to you to ensure that any necessary spaces in the PDF stream are placed there
explicitly!
$content->compressFlate()
Marks content for compression on output. This is done automatically in nearly all cases, so you
shouldn't need to call this yourself.
The "new()" call can set the -compress parameter to 'flate' (default) to compress all object streams,
or 'none' to suppress compression and allow you to examine the output in an editor.
$content->textstart()
Starts a text object (ignored if already in a text object). You will likely want to use the "text()"
method (text context, not text output) instead.
Note that calling this method, besides outputting a BT marker, will reset most text settings to their
default values. In addition, BT itself will reset some transformation matrices.
$content->textend()
Ends a text object (ignored if not in a text object).
Note that calling this method, besides outputting an ET marker, will output any accumulated
poststream content.
perl v5.32.1 2021-09-15 PDF::Builder::Content(3pm)